Association of certain sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of diabetic patients with quality of life

Diabetes mellitus is a common and demanding health problem that has a great effect on everyday life of patients. This study was done to determine sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that affect the quality of life [QOL] of diabetic patients. A total of 300 patients with diabetes mellitus in Erbil city were included in this study. The World Health Organization Quality of Life [WHOQOL-100] questionnaire was applied for assessment of 6 domains of QOL using multiple regression analysis. Type of work and body weight were the most significant factors shown to affect diabetic patients QOL domains. Type of work was significantly affecting physical [P=0.006], psychological [0.004], level of independence [P<0.001] environmental [P=0.007] and spiritual [P=0.009] QOL domains. Duration of diabetes was significantly affecting physical [P=0.002], psychological [P=0.037] and level of independence [P<0.001] domains. Body weight was significantly affecting physical [P=0.039], psychological [P=0.012], level of independence [P=0.036], social relationships [P=0.022] and spiritual [P=0.030] QOL domains. QOL had a variable significant association with certain sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of diabetics. There should be an emphasis on improving QOL of diabetics and consequently achieving better metabolic control

effectiveness of nursing counseling intervention on the social adaptation among HIV/AIDS patients Using Self concept and self esteem scale

Effectiveness of nursing counseling intervention on the social adaptation among HIV/AIDS patients in voluntary counseling test center [VCT] in Khartoum teaching hospital using Self concept and Self Esteem scale is studied. The study is interventional programs consist of 24 sessions applied in experimental group [case] and standard nursing care applied in control group. The present study reveals that result in control group which receives standard nursing care in self esteem scale which measures attitude towards myself indicates to low self esteem .However after the implementation of the program self esteem of patients were increased this indicates that the Implementation of the program is very effective in enhancing patients self esteem. Also the study show that there is low result in self concept scales in control group which measure physical self moral, ethical self, personal, family and social. In spite in experimental group these indicates to increase in self concept. This study proves the effectiveness of the constructed nursing counseling program on the social adaptation of the chronically HIV/AIDS patients

Effects of Medication with Ivermectin; Chloroquine and Artemether on Plasma Nitrate / nitrite Levels in Calves Naturally Infected with Onchocerca Gutturosa

In a comparative study involving the use of Ivermectin; Chloroquine and Artemether against Onchocerca gutturosa in calves; the plasma nitrate /nitrite concentration was measured. Following treatment and clearance of skin mf of O. gutturosa; the plasma nitrate/ nitrite concentrations; nor the stable end product of Nitric Oxide (NO) breakdown; rise significantly although it showed short peaks following reduction in dermal mf counts but no clear correlation was detected

Effects of medication with ivermectin, chloroquine and artemether on plasma nitrate / nitrite levels in calves naturally infected with onchocerca gutturosa

In a comparative study involving the use of Ivermectin, Chloroquine and Artemether against Onchocerca gutturosa in calves, the plasma nitrate /nitrite concentration was measured. Following treatment and clearance of skin mf of O. gutturosa, the plasma nitrate/ nitrite concentrations, nor the stable end product of Nitric Oxide [NO] breakdown, rise significantly although it showed short peaks following reduction in dermal mf counts but no clear correlation was detected

Carbamazepine spherical agglomerate crystals. part II. formulation and evaluation in different dosage forms

In this study, four formulae of effervescent powder, suggested to contain 100 mg CBZ, were evaluated for their effervescence tests, humidity content as well as content uniformity. Three formulae of tablets were suggested and contained 100 mg CBZ. They were examined by weight variation test, disintegration and dissolution rate tests. Also, three formulae of capsules, containing 100 mg CBZ, were prepared and evaluated by weight variation, content uniformity and dissolution rate tests. It was evident that CBZ crystal 1 effervescent powder formula 4 and its capsule formula 3 were the best and they were subjected for a stability study at room temperature for one year. In addition, the anticonvulsant activity of the CBZ prepared formulations in mice was performed using the maximal electroshock method. For comparison, commercially available formulations; namely, Tegretol 200 tables and Tegretol suspension [100 mg/5 ml], were also evaluated

effects of orchiectomy, antiandrogen and testosterone on the parotid gland of albino rats

The relationship between the testis and the parotid gland has been poorly investigated. This study deals with the structure of the parotid gland and its changes after orchiectomy, antiandrogen [flutamide] and testosterone substitution. The rat parotid glands of controt and experimental animals [orchimectomized, orchiectomized with testosterone substitution and antiandrogen] were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Orchiectomy and antiandrogen have more or less similar effects on the parotid gland. Both reduced secretory activity of the gland which was manifested by decreasing the secretory granules, vacuolations of the cytoplasm and degeneration of mitochondria. Exogenously given testosterone can prevent the mentioned effects of orchiectomy on the parotid gland. It is concluded that orchiectomy and antiandrogens affect the rat parotid gland, demonstrating the existence of an interaction between the testis and parotid gland

Effect of hormonal replacement therapy on the vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized rats

The present study was planned to clarify the effect of replacement therapy of estrogen and progesterone on ovariectomized rats. 49 adult female albino rats each weighing 200-250 grams were utilized in this study. The animals were divided into two major groups, the first group served as control group, it was further subdivided into three subgroups, subgroup Ia comprised the non ovariectomized female rats which received no treatment, subgroup Ib, sham operated group animals, subgroup Ic: received 0.1 ml olive oil i.m once per day for two consecutive days after 4 weeks of ovariectomy and served as control for estrogen and progesterone treated groups. The second group was subdivided into 4 subgroups. Subgroup IIa: included ovariectomized rats, subgroup IIb: ovariectomized rats treated with progesterone 12.5 mg/kg. Subgroup IIc: ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen 0.38 mg/kg. Subgroup IId: ovariectomized rats received combined treatment of both estrogen and progesterone. The non ovariectomized rats were sacrificed at oestrus cycle as denoted by daily vaginal smear, while the remaining groups were sacrificed after 4 weeks of ovariectomy by 48 hours, both light and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Results showed that exogenous progesterone increased mucosal folding with short bulb or rosette shaped microvilli. Estrogen resulted in epithelial cell proliferation and keratinization. Cell separations were obvious in some areas indicating desquamation. The combined treatment demonstrated morphological picture nearly similar to oestrus cycle. Hence, it is wise to use the combined treatment as denoted by inhibition of excessive vaginal epithelial proliferation and cornification

structural effects of antiandrogen (flutamide) on the liver of adult male albino rat and the possible reversible effect after its discontinuation

Previous studies had indicated that administration of flutamide [an antiandrogen] might induce hepatic toxicity. This study was carried out to throw more light on the structural changes of flutamide on the liver of adult male albino rat and the possible reversible effect after its discontinuation. A total number of 25 adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups; experimental group of 20 rats received subcutaneous inject ions of flutamide dissolved in propylene glycol vehicle in a dose of 10 mg /day for four weeks, a control group of 5 rats received subcutaneous injections of propylene glycol vehicle for four weeks, and a third group of 10 rats obtained from the first group and were left for four weeks after stoppage of fiutamide The effect of flutamide on the liver was studied using both light and electron microscope. The results showed that flutamide caused focal degenerative changes, necrosis of the liver cells and a marked decrease in glycogen content of the hepatocytes. Also there was proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulurn, electron-dense mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes, Four weeks after stoppage of flutamide administration the majority of hepatocytes returned normal while some were still necrotic

Neurone-specific enolase as a prognostic marker in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

To test its diagnostic potential and sensitivity in pediatric malignancy, serum levels of neuron enolase [NSE] were measured by radioimunassay in thirty-one patients [18 male and 13 female] with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], and in thirty eight healthy children acting as controls with the same age match [1-12 years]. Of these patients, 96% had NSE levels more than three standard deviations> 10 micro g/L above the mean or normal children. Mean serum NES for acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients was 67.8 +/- SD 67.4 micro g/L [ranged 13-260 ug/L], whereas that in normal age-matched children was 4.5 +/- Sd 2.1 g/L [ranged 2.1-9.5 micro g/L]. Analysis of NES level in relation to the survival rate suggested that serum level greater than 100 ug/L were associated with poor outcome, and that serum NES levels may be a valuable tumor marker for screening and therapeutic monitoring of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in term of decreasing or intensifying the treatment to achieve remission

Ruptura del bronquio fuente en los traumatismos cerrados del torax. / Bronchial rupture in thoracic traumatisms

Se presentan 4 pacientes con ruptura traumatica en bronquios fuentes. Uno fallecio dentro de las 36 hs de producida luego de una incompleta correccion quirurgica. Los 3 restantes sobrevivieron el episodio agudo sin que se efectuara el diagnostico; se operaron al mes y medio, 2 y 10 meses en forma exitosa. Se discute el mecanismo de produccion: de acuerdo a datos de laboratorio y clinicos, se acepta que el tironeamiento lateral y la hipertension en la via aerea simultanea, son las causas de la efraccion bronquial. Esta situacion es mas factible en pacientes lucidos y con torax elastico. En cuanto a la evolucion se destaca la diferencia neta entre la que sufre la lesion parcial, seguida de estenosis e infeccion y la total, seguida habitualmente de cierre de ambos cabos. Esto evita la infeccion y permite la restauracion mediante una plastica, con recuperacion del parenquima atelectasiado