Potentiation of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity by molsidomine in rats

Reactive oxygen metabolites have been implicated in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. This study tests whether or not nephrotoxicity of gentamicin is associated with cellular activation or lipid peroxidation and the use of vasodilator, molsidomine, plays a role in the renal lesion. Rats were treated with a toxic dose of gentamicin alone or in combination with molsidomine for seven days. The results showed that gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was associated with a significant activation of cellular lipid peroxidation manifested by high serum and cortical tissue malondialdehyde, and the use of molsidomine aggravates this process. These data indicate that vasodilators and in particular those with nitric oxide [NO] donating property may be extremely harmful when used gentamicin

Effect of L- carnitine on lipid peroxidation in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

In order to evaluate a possible new protective effect of 1- carnitine in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity, groups of rats treated either with saline, I- carnitine, gentamicin alone or gentamicin and 1- carnitiric in combination. The results showed that gentamicin produces high plasma urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde [MDA] which reached to the level of significance when compared with saline treated group. The morphological changes are of degeneration of proximal convoluted tubules. L- carnitine attenuated the biochemical and morphological changes induced by gentamicin. It is concluded that 1- carnitine afforded renal protection via prevention of further accumulation of lipid which stimulates the lipid peroxidation process

Prescriping errors in selected hospitals and private clinics in Baghdad

Drugs are prescribed and thousands of prescriptions are written every day but we don't know what type and percent of errors those prescriptions include. 1750 prescriptions were collected from four hospitals, four out patient clinics, and five areas of private clinics one of which was for specialist physicians in Baghdad city. Types of errors included lack of diagnosis, patient's name, patient's age, physician's name and strength of dosage form the dosage regimens and directions were incomplete and prescriptions contained more than five items with possible drug interaction. In this study, the highest percentage of errors were for the private clinics particularly for the specialist physicians

evaluation of renoprotective effect of L-carnitine against gentamicin nephrotoxicity

The protective effect of 1-Carnitine on the gentamicin nephrotoxicity was investigated in experimental animal model. The results showed, that gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats is detected by significant plasma creatinine, urea and zinc deficiency in serum and renal tissue. 1-Carnitine is able to ameliorate the renal functions and restores the. zinc status The possibility of scavenging property of 1-Carnitine against peroxyl radical via restoring zinc status is implicated

Nosocomial infections in three of Erbil's hospitals

Nosocomial infections in general were studied on patients bedded in three hospitals in Erbil during June-September/1992. Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureas and Streptococcus were the pathogenic microorganisms isolated in 80 swab samples from different specimens at Saddam hospital, Erbil teaching hospital and Casualty and Orthopedic hospital. The same pathogenic microorganisms were detected in 120 patients studied; 33-50% and 30% of the admitted patients were infected after their admission to surgical and medical wards, respectively. Each hospital has its predominant microorganisms; 66% of them were pseudomonas in Casualty and Orthopedic hospital. While 70% of them were Klebsiella in Saddam hospital and 68% of them were Escherichia Coli in Erbil teaching hospital. All the pathogenic microorganisms were resistant to Ampicillin which was prescribed for most of the patients in this study and sensitive to Gentamicin, Cephalexin and Tetracycline

Effect of molsidomine on trace metals in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

This study was designed to determine the changes in trace metals after gentamicin renal injury. Rats receiving gentamicin [100 mg/kg/ day IM for 7 days] showed deterioration in renal function. Renal proximal tubular necrosis and an elevation in serum and renal cortical tissue of copper levels while the corresponding levels of zinc were depressed. The use of molsidomine can attenuate those changes in trace metals but failed to correct the deterioration in renal function or the histopathological changes. These results suggest that the alterations in trace metals seem not to be a good indicator of gentamicin nephrotoxicity