Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of BCL-2 and P 53 experession in relation to apoptosis in normal, benign and malignant human female mammary gland epithelium

Apoptosis is a genetically regulated form of programmed cell death. It occurs in response to physiological stimuli and secondary to cell injury and stress. It has a role in the regulation of cell population density during embryogenesis, aging and in many diseases. This work was performed to study the expression of the apoptosis -related proteins [Bcl-2 and P53] in normal human female mammary gland epithelium at different physiological stages [puberty, lactation and involution] and in breast fibroadenoma and invasive breast carcinoma. Breast specimens were processed for histological, immunohistochemical and statistical studies, Histologicaly, most of the apoptotic cells showed shrunked cytoplasm and fragmented nuclei and were seen predominantly in the basally located glandular epithelial cells. Different patterns of Immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 and p53 was present throughout the mammary epithelial cells, suggesting different grades of susceptibility towards apoptotic stimuli in individual glandular epithelial cells. However, specific cells showed strong reaction for Bcl-2 and P53. Specific Bcl-2 and p53 expression patterns could reflect particular cell differentiation states. Bcl-2 and P53 expressions are associated with prognostic histopathological features and their evaluation is of value in predicting the clinical course and the programs of treatment of b

Endometrial response to exogenous ethinyl oestradiol in the normal and ovariectomized albino rat

Forty adult albino rats weighting 200-300 gm. were used. They were divided into 4 groups, each contains 10 animals. Animals of group I used as control group II received a daily oral dose of ethinyl estradiol for 3 weeks, group III exposed to bilateral ovariectomy and group IV were exposed to bilateral ovariectomy and received the same daily oral dose of the drug. At the end of the 3rd week the animals were sacrificed and the uteri were taken and processed for light microscopic study. Measurement for the endometrium and their lining epithelial cells were taken and analyzed. In non-ovariectomized treated rats, the endometrium showed many folds with tall columnar epithelial lining. The endometrial glands became numerous and enlarged. The histological changes in endometrium of normal treated rats were more extensive than that of the ovariectomized treated ones. Discussion of these results was done

Histopathological and histochemical changes in rat's testes following repeated halothane exposure

Three groups of rats, 4 animals each, were used. Group I was kept as a control. Group II was exposed to halothane 1.5% for 20 minutes every other day for 13 exposures. Phenobarbtion 0.1% in milk was given to the rats Group III which were similarly exposed to halothane. Sections from the testes were stained with H and E, PAS and for detecting alkaline phosphatase activity. There were marked testicular atrophy, degeneration of the germinal epithelium and necrosis of the interstitial tissue in Group II. While more advanced changes were seen in Group III, seminiferous were atrophied, widely separated and contained no sperms. The intersititialaltissue was completely fibrosed. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme showed strong +ve activity in the thick walled blood vessels and the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules in group II, and a weak +ve actifity in the degenerated testicular tissue in Group III

Histopathological and histochemical studies of the kidney after ligation of the ureter and uretero-cutaneous anastomosis

The present work was undertaken to study the histopathological of the ureter and ureterocutancous anastomosis. Twelve adult dogs were used in this work. They were classiffied into three equal groups and were designated as group A and B and C. Unilateral ligation of the ureters for one month was done at the proximal end in group A and at the distal end in group B and C. Thereafter in group C. the ureters were transected proximal to the previous ligature and anstomosed to the skin of the anterior abdominal wall. The animals were sacrificed one month after the operation. Samples were taken for histopathological and histoche-mical studies from the kidney of the operated side and the contralateral as well. Unilateral ureteral obstruction at the distal or the proximal and induced several histopathological changes in the kidney of the operated side. However, the contralateral kidney showed compensatory hypertrophy of most malpighian corpuscles and some degenerative changes in the renal tubules. The histopathological changes were found to be more marked in the kidney following proximal ureteral obstruction. The rekease of ureteral obstruction by the process of uretero-cutaneous anastomosis was followed by regeneration of many malpighian corpuscles and some glomeruli were hypertrophied. Decrease or absence of the alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in the malipighian corpuscles and the convoluted tubules of the kidney of the ligated side. However, the contralateral kidney after ureteral obstruction and the operated kidney following uretero-cutaneous anastomosis showed moderate activity for this enzyme in the malpighian corpuscles, distal convoluted tubules and loops of Henle while a strong activity was seen in the proximal convoluted tubules. The regenerating malpighian corpuscle are functionally active as indicated by their increased enzymatic activity