ABSTRACT
Background : Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been proposed as a surrogate marker to identify diabetic patients at higher risk for CAD. Oxidative stress has been postulated to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Objective: The present study was to evaluate the effect of taurine on serum lipids, lipid peroxidation and RBC antioxidant status and vessel changes in type 2diabetes. Design :Twenty individuals T2DM, aged 35 -50 were enrolled. Twenty age and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Taurine was given to both controls and diabetics at a dose of 500mg / day for a period of 30 days. Blood glucose, serum lipids, TBARS in plasma,RBC, antioxidant status in RBC were estimated before and after taurine supplementation. Intima media thickness in both common carotid arteries were assessed by using Doppler B mode ultrsonograghy. Results: Taurine significantly reduced the serum lipids, lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidant enzymes in diabetics. Intima media thickness was significantly high in type 2 diabetics.Taurine significantly reduced the intima media thickness in both common carotid arteries in type 2 diabetics. Conclusion: Taurine by its antioxidant effect could be useful in retarding atherosclerosis in diabetics and thereby preventing the complications.
ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Hypertension itself acts as source of oxidative stress. Insulin resistance is involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. In the present study an attempt was made to study the association between insulin resistance and oxidative stress in non diabetic hypertensive patients. Two hundred and three, non diabetic hypertensive patients and two hundred and ten, healthy normotensive subjects were enrolled in this study. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels were estimated in both groups. Fasting insulin, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and MDA shows significant difference between cases and controls. Among the patients HOMA-IR were significantly correlated with lipid peroxides and shows negative correlation between HOMAIR and glutathione peroxidase. Increased HOMA-IR was found in non diabetic hypertensive patients. This study reveals the link between oxidative stress and insulin resistance.
ABSTRACT
The Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Several potent inhibitors of this enzyme have been reported to be active antihypertensive agents. Sulfhydryl (SH) group containing ACE inhibitors used as a antihypertensive agents. Reduced glutathione (GSH) as antioxidant play an important role in reducing the blood pressure. Several recent studies have shown that reduced glutathione enhance nitric oxide pathway and increases the bioavailability of nitric oxide resulting in vasodilatation. In this study reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione (GS-SG) were investigated for inhibition against ACE using Hip-His-Leu (HHL) as substrate. The inhibition of ACE by different concentrations of reduced glutathione was much more than that of oxidized glutathione. The inhibition of ACE by reduced glutathione ranges from 12.5% to 60%. Oxidized glutathione shows less than 5% of inhibition. This study shows that apart from the antioxidant role, reduced glutathione inhibits ACE activity which plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure.
ABSTRACT
Lipid peroxidation has been suggested to play a key role in the oxidative modification of LDL (oxd-LDL) which stimulate the production of auto antibodies by Bcells and anti-oxd LDL antibodies are produced. These antibodies could represent a biological marker of oxidative stress and serve as markers of atherosclerosis. Essential hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, recently border line hypertension also has been shown to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between oxd -LDL antibodies and lipid peroxidation in patient with essential hypertension. Blood samples were collected from patients with essential hypertension (n=155) and healthy individuals (n=160) levels of Malonaldihyde (MDA), Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL and LDL were estimated by spectrophotometry and levels of Oxd- LDL antibodies were obtained by ELISA. Plasma levels of MDA, anti-oxdLDL antibodies, Total cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol is higher in patients than those in controls. Among patients concentration of MDA, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were not significantly different, however the concentration of anti-oxd LDL were higher in essential hypertensive patients (p=0.003). Significant positive correlation was observed between plasma levels of MDA, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and the concentration of anti-oxdLDL in patients but not in the controls. In conclusion High concentrations of anti-oxdLDL and MDA suggest an increase in oxidative stress that would contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. The observed correlation of MDA with anti-oxdLDL indicates the relationship between free radicals and atherosclerosis in essential hypertension.
ABSTRACT
Thirty cases of premature rupture of amniotic membrane were studied bacteriologically. Twenty cases showed growth of organisms from one or more sites at birth. From 20 control cases no pathogenic organism could be isolated. Out of these 20 cases showing growth of organisms 8 neonates developed clinical infection (deep and superficial) subsequently. The organisms grown from vaginal swab and umbilical swab culture showed maximum correlation to the organism from the infected neonates. Esch coli was found to be most common organism causing infections, next to it was Staph aureus. Growth of anaerobic organisms was found only in cases of prolonged rupture of membrane in mother, but not isolated from infected babies. So bacteriological studies of vaginal, placental, umbilical and nasal swabs and cord blood just after the birth of baby may be of some help in predicting the onset of neonatal infection.