ABSTRACT
Background: Measles is highly contagious infectious disease and considered to be leading cause of death among young children. Although vaccination process of measles is well ascertained but still its associated morbidity and mortality is high among children of developing countries. This study was designed to see the level of measles IgG in children in District Bagh of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Methods: Measles IgG antibodies were screened in total of 250 school going children [4-8 years] in the District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir were enrolled. The subjects were grouped on age basis; Group A had children of 4-5 years, Group B comprised of children of 5-6 years, Group C contained children of 6-7 years and Group D had age 7-8 years. A The collected samples were transferred to the Molecular Virology Laboratories at National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad for detection of measles IgG antibodies. Measles antibodies were estimated by using kits for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay
Results: There were 10 [4%] children in Group A, 18 [7.2%] were in Group B, 42 [16.8%] were in Group C, and 180 [72%] children were in Group D. Out of 250 children 61 [24.4%] were detected as unprotected and 13 [5.2%] were at borderline and 176 [70.4%] had protective antibody level against the measles virus
Conclusion: Significant number of children is under potential risk to develop measles infection. No significant relation could be established between disease, age, and gender
ABSTRACT
Organic anion transporter polypeptide 1B1 [OATP1B1] encoded by [SLCO1B1] gene, an uptake transporter involved in the transport of drugs and endogenous compounds and located in hepatocyte sinusoidal membrane. Objective of study was to investigate the effects of two functionally significant SNPs [388A>G and 521T>C] and their respective genotypes of SLCO1B1 gene encoding OATP1B1 on the pharmiacokinetics of atorvastatin. A total of 100 subjects divided into 6 groups as per their genotype profile were recruited. A single dose of 80mg atorvastatin was orally administered and plasma concentration measured up to 48 hours. The 388A>G and 521T>C genotypes were significantly associated with each other when compared for AUC and C[MAX] but exhibited no significant variations in T[MAX] and ti/[2]. 521 SNP is rather more strongly associated with altered pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin when compared with the 388 SNP, though the homozygous bi-allelic variant of 388 SNP also exhibited a fairly significant variation along with homozygous bi-allelic variant of 521 SNP. The inter-individual variation in pharmacokinetics can be explained by SLCO1B1 polymorphism
Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic , Organic Anion Transporters , Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1 , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objective: To study the effect of Magnesium supplementation on lipid profile [TC, HDL, LDL, TG, VLDL] and inflammatory markers [CRP s-VCAM 1] in thiazide administered rats
Study Design: Randomized control trial
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi from Feb 2010 to Feb 2011
Material and Methods: Ninety male Sprague Dawley rats, of age 90 to 120 days, divided into three groups: Control, Hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] administered control and Hydrochlorothiazide + Magnesium Oxide [HTCZ + Mg2+], administered experimental groups. Levels of inflammatory markers, Magnesium, lipid profile were measured in blood, after three weeks
Results: Mean values in control group were: Serum TG 104.39 mg/dl,TC151.86 mg/dl, HDL76.91 mg/dl, LDL 52.52 mg/dl, VLDL 19.78mg/dl, CRP 1784.27 mg/L, sVCAM-1 564.33ng/ml and serum Magnesium0.85mmol/l. Mean lipid profile values in HCTZ administered control group were Serum TG 150.04 mg/dl, TC 182.92 mg/dl, HDL 71.77 mg/dl, LDL 76.40 mg/dl,VLDL 32.56 mg/dl, CRP 2923.33 mg/L, sVCAM-1 2003.00 ng/ml and serum Magnesium 0.49 mmol/1. Mean lipid profile values in HCTZ + Magnesium administered experimental group were Serum TG 131.69 mg/dl,TC 157.60 mg/dl, HDL 73.55 mg/dl,LDL 58.2 mg/dl,VLDL 25.05mg/dl, CRP 2149.53 mg/L ,sVCAM-l 1516.60 ng/mland serum Magnesium 0.68mmol/l
Conclusion: Levels of sVCAM-1, CRP, TG, TC, LDL and VLDL are increased in HCTZ administered group, with negative correlation with serum magnesium levels. Levels of these parameters decreased in HTCZ + Mg2+ administered group, showing that magnesium supplementation helped in normalizing derangements [p<0.05]
ABSTRACT
Inflammation is the one of the major causes for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. In this study, association between inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus was studied by measuring various inflammatory markers [soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules type - 1, Interleukin - 6 and C- reactive protein] between healthy and diabetic patients. A cross sectional comparative study. The study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi and Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine [CREAM], Army Medical College, Rawalpindi for blood sampling and biochemical assays respectively. The study was performed in 40 human subjects divided into two groups containing 20 subjects each. One group was designated as control while the other was diseased [diabetic] group. Glycemic status was measured to confirm their normal and diabetic state. Inflammatory markers were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay [ELISA]. Levels of all inflammatory markers [soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules type - 1, Interleukin - 6 and C-reactive protein] were found to be raised in the experimental diabetic groups; 1991.5 +/- 201.97 ng/ml, 24.99 +/- 1.366 pg/ml and 2931 +/- 168.319 respectively compared to the control group; 570.2 +/- 16.526 ng/ml, 6.64 +/- 0.3516 pg/ml and 1806.6 +/- 183.32 respectively. Inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus as compared to normal healthy control subjects
ABSTRACT
To determine the effects of olive-pomace oil on glycemic status and lipid profile in diabetes. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Department of Biochemistry, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National Institute of Health, Islamabad from March 2010 to June 2011. Seventy male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly divided into two groups of 35 rats, each. Rats were rendered diabetic by injecting streptozotocin. Group 1 and group 2 were given normal rodent diet and olive pomace oil supplemented diet respectively for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured for comparison. There was significant increase in high density lipoprotein and significant decrease of blood glucose, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein of group II rats when compared with group I [control]. Olive pomace oil can significantly improve fasting blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic rats
ABSTRACT
Radon is an odourless, colourless and tasteless gas and it is the first cause of lung cancer among non- smokers. The assessment of the level of radium in building materials helps in understanding the radiological implications. It has been observed that everyone has some levels of exposure to them. Therefore measurement of radium and radon in the soil samples are important from public health point of view. In the present work, radon exhalation rate and radium from soil samples have been measured through "Sealed Can technique" using LR-115 type II plastic track detector. Twenty two samples were collected from industrial area of Bulandshahr, Hapur and Meerut districts of Uttar Pradesh [India]. The radium concentration ranges from 9.2 to 18.7 Bqkg[-1] with an average value of 14.1 Bqkg[-1]. The area exhalation rate for radon ranges from 394.1 to 798.3 mBqm[-2] h[- 1] with an average value of 600.7 mBqm[-2] h[-1] and mass exhalation rate ranges from 15.1 to 30.7 mBqkg[-1]h[-1] with an average value of 23.1 mBqkg[-1]h[-1]. A strong correlation coefficient has been observed between radium concentration and radon exhalation rate. The values of radium concentration in all the soil samples were found to be lower than the limit 370 Bqkg[-1] as recommended by OECD, 1979. Hence, there is no matter of concern to the population living in this region
ABSTRACT
More than 50% of the total dose received by human beings from all sources of radiation [both from natural and manmade] comes from radon and its progeny which is responsible for lung cancer in many cases. In the present study, the measurements have been carried out by using twin chamber dosimeter cups with LR-115 type-II detectors. The value of track density of detectors gives the concentration of radon, thoron and their progeny in different modes. The average value of radon and thoron concentration was found 59 and 28 Bq/m[3], respectively. The inhalation dose was found to vary from 1.6 to 2.9 mSv/y. The average value of PAEC for radon and thoron was found 6.4 mWL and 0.75 mWL, respectively. Total annual exposure and annual effective dose varies from 0.23 to 0.39 WLM and 0.87 to 1.51 mSv/y respectively. The values of life time fatality risk was found to vary from 0.68 x 10[-4] to 1.18 x 10[-4]. These measurements show that the radon/thoron concentrations and annual effective dose received by the population of the area are well below the action level recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection [ICRP]
ABSTRACT
Everyone is exposed to radon because it is present everywhere with varying concentrations. Radon and its progeny are well established as lung carcinogenic. Track etch technique using LR-115 plastic track detectors has been used to measure the effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples collected from urban area of Etah district of Uttar Pradesh province in Northern India. The values of effective radium content are found to vary from 27.87 to 45.14 Bq.kg-[1] with a mean value of 34.98 Bq.kg-[1]. The mass exhalation rates of radon vary from 2.38 _ 10[-6] to 3.86 _ 10[-6] Bq.kg[-1].d[-1] with a mean value of 2.99 _ 10-6 Bq.kg[-1].d[-1]. The surface exhalation rates of radon have been found to vary from 6.19 _ 10[-5] to 10.03 _ 10[-5] Bq.m [-2].d[-1] with a mean value of 7.77 _ 10[-5] Bq.m [-2].d[-1]. Radon exhalation study is important for understanding the relative contribution of the material to the total radon concentration found inside the dwellings. The values of radium and radon exhalation rates are found to be below the safe limit recommended by OECD, 1979