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1.
Rev. Flum. Odontol. (Online) ; 1(60): 30-44, jan.-abr. 2023. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1411183

ABSTRACT

Bisfosfonatos são medicamentos que reduzem a reabsorção óssea, inibindo a atividade enzimática dos osteoclastos. Por essa razão, são amplamente utilizados no tratamento de várias doenças, como a osteoporose. Durante o tratamento ortodôntico, a aplicação de forças compressivas no dente promove a reabsorção e remodelação óssea, permitindo sua movimentação. Vários estudos in vivo observaram a diminuição da movimentação ortodôntica por bisfosfonatos, tornando o tema relevante devido à crescente demanda de tratamento ortodôntico em idosos ­ principais usuários dessa droga. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar evidências do uso de bisfosfonatos no decorrer do tratamento ortodôntico e, mais especificamente, examinar seus efeitos na movimentação ortodôntica através de mensurações clínico-laboratoriais. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada na base de dados Pubmed através dos descritores Ortodontia e Bisfosfonatos. Buscou-se estudos em inglês entre 2015 e 2020. De 39 artigos compatíveis à proposta, 8 artigos passaram pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Desses, a maioria dos autores é categórica em se referir ao uso de bisfosfonatos como um fator relevante para índices inferiores de movimentação. Porém, tais dados devem ser vistos com cautela, pois os métodos utilizados são variados, havendo uma grande heterogeneidade. Ademais, pequenas amostras e tempo curto dos experimentos não permitem uma generalização para pacientes de rotina. Como conclusão temos que a administração de bisfosfonatos associada à movimentação ortodôntica aparenta provocar uma duração prolongada no tratamento devido, fundamentalmente, aos índices inferiores de movimentação dentária planejada. Entretanto, os fatores específicos para tal não estão plenamente explicados.


Bisphosphonates are drugs that provide bone resorption by inhibiting the enzyme activity of osteoclasts. For this reason, they are widely used in the treatment of various diseases, such as osteoporosis. During orthodontic treatment, the application of compressive forces on the tooth promotes bone resorption and remodeling, allowing its movement. Several in vivo studies observed a decrease in orthodontic movement caused by bisphosphonates, making the topic relevant due to the growing demand for orthodontic treatment in the elderly - the main users of this drug. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate evidence of the use of bisphosphonates during orthodontic treatment and, more specifically, to examine their effects on orthodontic movement through clinical and laboratory measurements. For this, a systematized review was performed in the Pubmed database using the descriptors Orthodontics and Bisphosphonates. Studies in English between 2015 and 2020 were sought. Of 39 articles compatible with the proposal, 8 articles passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most authors are categorical in referring to the use of bisphosphonates as a relevant factor for lower movement rates. However, such data must be viewed with caution, as the methods used are sundry, with great heterogeneity. Furthermore, small administrations and short experimental times do not allow generalization to routine patients. In conclusion, the administration of bisphosphonates associated with orthodontic movement seems to cause a prolonged duration of treatment, fundamentally due to the lower rates of planned tooth movement. However, the specific factors for this are not fully explained.


Subject(s)
Orthodontics , Therapeutics , Tooth Movement Techniques , Diphosphonates/adverse effects
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 118: e230090, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506730

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND According to the last 2023 Monkeypox (Mpox) Outbreak Global Map from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 100 countries with no Mpox infection report cases. Brazil stands out in this group and is the second country with the highest number of cases in the last outbreak. OBJECTIVE To contribute to knowledge of the virus infection effects in a cellular model, which is important for diagnosis infections not yet included in a provider´s differential diagnosis and for developing viral inhibition strategies. METHODS We describe a virus isolation protocol for a human clinical sample from a patient from Brazil, the viral growth in a cell model through plaque forming units (PFU) assay, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FINDINGS We follow the viral isolation in Vero cell culture from a Mpox positive clinically diagnosed sample and show the infection effects on cellular structures using a TEM. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Understanding the impact of viral growth on cellular structures and its replication kinetics may offer better strategies for the development of new drugs with antiviral properties.

3.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 20(4): 510-519, fev 11, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359304

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a oxidação em sistemas biológicos está relacionada ao desenvolvimento de patologias em humanos. A ingestão de alimentos ricos em compostos químicos que exercem atividade antioxidante contribui para a prevenção e redução dos efeitos deletérios dos radicais livres formados no organismo. Peptídeos derivados das caseínas têm mostrado um elevado potencial como agentes antioxidantes. Objetivos: neste sentido, o presente estudo avaliou a atividade antioxidante de hidrolisados derivados de caseínas de leites das espécies bubalina, bovina e caprina, obtidos pela ação de diferentes proteases. Metodologia: inicialmente, as caseínas foram isoladas dos demais componentes do leite, depois foram submetidas ao processo de proteólise pelas enzimas bromelina, papaína, tripsina e neutrase, individualmente. A atividade antioxidante dos hidrolisados foi avaliada, através da capacidade de eliminação dos radicais: hidroxila (OH­Ë™), superóxido (O2­Ë™), 2,2 difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH˙), 2,2'azinobis-(3-ácido etilbenzotiazolino-6-sulfônico (ABTS˙), e quelante dos íons metálicos cobre (Cu2+) e ferro (Fe2+). Resultados: os resultados mostraram que a caseína bovina apresentou o menor (35,54%) grau de hidrólise e a caseína bubalina apresentou o maior (85,64%) grau de hidrólise pela ação da neutrase e bromelina após 480 minutos, respectivamente. O potencial para o sequestro dos radicais hidroxila variou entre 0 e 100%, superóxido superior a 80%, ABTS superior a 85%, DPPH entre 20 e 95% habilidade de quelar ferro entre 10 e 100% e cobre entre 14 e 80%. Conclusão: assim, a hidrólise das caseínas do leite bubalino, bovino e caprino foram capazes de produzir hidrolisados com elevado potencial antioxidante e que, mediante novos estudos, poderá vir ser incorporado em produtos alimentícios para o consumo humano.


Introduction: oxidation in biological systems is related to the development of pathologies in humans. The ingestion of foods rich in chemical compounds that exert antioxidant activity contributes to the prevention and reduction of the deleterious effects of free radicals formed in the body. Peptides derived from caseins have shown high potential as antioxidant agents. Objectives: the present study evaluated the antioxidant activity of casein hydrolysates derived from bubaline, bovine, and caprine milk obtained by the action of different proteases. Methodology: initially, the caseins were isolated from the other milk components, and then subjected to the proteolysis process by the enzymes bromelain, papain, trypsin and neutrase, individually. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates was evaluated, through the capacity of elimination of the radicals: hydroxyl (OH-˙), superoxide (O2-˙), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙), 2,2'azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolino-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS˙), and chelating of the metal ions copper (Cu2+) and iron (Fe2+). Results: the results showed that bovine casein showed the lowest (35.54%) degree of hydrolysis and bubaline casein showed the highest (85.64%) degree of hydrolysis by the action of neutrase and bromelin after 480 minutes, respectively. The potential for hydroxyl radical sequestration varied between 0 and 100%, superoxide higher than 80%, ABTS higher than 85%, DPPH between 20 and 95% and the ability to chelate iron between 10 and 100% and copper between 14 and 80%. Conclusion: thus, the hydrolysis of caseins from bubaline, bovine and goat milk were able to produce hydrolysates with high antioxidant potential and that, upon further studies, may be incorporated into food products for human consumption.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Peptides , Buffaloes , Cattle , Goats , Dietary Supplements
4.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(1): 68-79, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356304

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The long incubation periods of cardiovascular diseases offer opportunities for controlling risk factors. In addition, preventive interventions in childhood are more likely to succeed because lifestyle habits become ingrained as they are repeated. Objective To investigate the effects of recreational physical activities, in combination or not with a qualitative nutritional counseling, in cardiometabolic risk factors of students with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Methods Students (8-14 years old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=23 each): i ) Control; ii ) PANC, students undergoing Physical Activity and Nutritional Counseling, and iii ) PA, students submitted to Physical Activity, only. Blood samples (12-h fasting) were collected for biochemical analysis and anthropometric markers were also assessed. Two-Way RM-ANOVA and Holm-Sidak's test, and Friedman ANOVA on Ranks and Dunn's test were applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes were evaluated by Hedges' g and Cliff's δ for normal and non-Gaussian data, respectively. Results Compared to the control group and to baseline values, both interventions caused significant average reductions in total cholesterol (11%; p <0.001), LDL-c (19%; p=0.002), and non-HDL-c (19%; p=0.003). Furthermore, students in the PANC group also experienced a significant decrease in body fat compared to baseline (p=0.005) and to control (5.2%; g=0.541). Conclusions The proposed strategies were effective to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The low cost of these interventions allows the implementation of health care programs in schools to improve the students' quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Food and Nutrition Education , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Life Style , Quality of Life , Students , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise , Delivery of Health Care , Dyslipidemias/diet therapy , Adolescent Nutrition , Obesity, Abdominal/diet therapy
5.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e191111, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394026

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study is to validate the specific questionnaire for Hepatitis B HBQOL (Hepatitis B Quality of Life Instrument, version 1.0) for the Brazilian version, in addition to testing its applicability in patients with hepatitis B under treatment and comparing the quality of life between patients using first-line drugs (tenofovir and entecavir). For the validation, the back-translation technique was used in a sample of 47 patients. Factor analysis was performed between the items in each domain of the questionnaire and the internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's α coefficient. In assessing the applicability of the validated questionnaire, interviews were carried out with 124 patients. Sociodemographic and treatment data were collected to characterize the sample and perform correlation analyzes. The results demonstrate that the Brazilian version of the questionnaire was successfully validated. In the analysis carried out among the 124 patients, the domains psychological well-being and stigma obtained the highest scores in quality of life and the lowest level of education conferred better results in these two domains. The comparison between tenofovir and entecavir showed no significant difference in patients' quality of life. The use of this validated instrument can make therapeutic decisions more rational


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Patients/classification , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology , Validation Study , Therapeutics/statistics & numerical data , Pharmaceutical Preparations/classification , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Methods
6.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 32(1): e320115, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376014

ABSTRACT

Resumo A demarcação de terra interconecta-se com a reprodução social e a saúde dos povos indígenas. Encontra-se desafiada pela economia globalizada e a implantação de grandes empreendimentos desenvolvimentistas nos territórios indígenas. Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre demarcação de terra indígena, saúde e novas territorialidades na implantação da transposição do rio São Francisco, no povo Pipipã, em Floresta-PE. A abordagem teórico-metodológica para o estudo é a reprodução social e a saúde formulada por Juan Samaja. Trata-se de estudo analítico, qualitativo, com a realização de entrevistas, observação participante e oficinas participativas nas aldeias cortadas pelo Eixo Leste da transposição. Evidencia-se meio século de mobilizações dos Pipipã pela demarcação de terra, marcadas por entraves políticos nos âmbitos municipal, estadual e nacional. A demarcação de terra inter-relacionou-se com a saúde e representou o maior sonho dos indígenas. Para vencerem o medo, no contexto da transposição, assumiram compromissos de união, participação e marcação do território com os rituais. A transposição desestruturou relações, inseriu novas territorialidades, ampliou os desafios de demarcação de terra, agravou a saúde indígena e não promoveu o acesso à água transposta, principal objetivo do projeto, configurando uma situação de injustiça ambiental.


Abstract Land demarcation is interconnected with the social reproduction and health of indigenous peoples. It is challenged by the globalized economy and the implementation of large developmental projects in indigenous territories. This article aims to reflect on the demarcation of indigenous land, health and new territorialities in the implementation of the transposition of the São Francisco River, in the Pipipã people, in Floresta-PE. The theoretical-methodological approach to the study is social reproduction and health formulated by Juan Samaja. This is an analytical, qualitative study, with interviews, participant observation and participatory workshops in the villages crossed by the East Axis of transposition. There is evidence of half a century of mobilizations by the Pipipã for land demarcation, marked by political obstacles at the municipal, state and national levels. Land demarcation was interrelated with health and represented the greatest dream of the indigenous people. To overcome fear, in the context of transposition, they assumed commitments of union, participation and marking the territory with rituals. The transposition disrupted relationships, introduced new territorialities, expanded the challenges of land demarcation, worsened indigenous health and did not promote access to transposed water, the main objective of the project, configuring a situation of environmental injustice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Indigenous Peoples , Brazil
7.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 54: e20190499, 2021. graf
Article in English | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136928

ABSTRACT

Abstract Although different etiological agents can cause acute meningoencephalitis, this syndrome is usually associated with viruses. Among these, enteroviruses play a significant role. Here, we describe a fatal case of meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy teenager. Real-time RT-PCR and cell culture assays were performed with serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a clinically diagnosed meningoencephalitis case that occurred in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Coxsackievirus B2 (CVB2) was identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified CVB2 was genetically related to strains known to cause neurological diseases. This case highlights the importance of continuous laboratory surveillance of central nervous system infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis , Phylogeny , Brazil
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 115(3): 587-589, out. 2020.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1131306

ABSTRACT

Resumo A hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) é uma doença genética causada por um defeito primário no gene que codifica o receptor da LDL. Mutações diferentes no mesmo gene caracterizam um heterozigoto composto, mas pouco se sabe sobre o fenótipo dos portadores. Portanto, neste estudo, descrevemos o rastreamento em cascata de uma família brasileira com essa característica. O caso-índice é um homem de 36 anos, com colesterol total (CT) de 360 mg/dL (9,3 mmol/L) e concentração de LDL-c de 259 mg/dL (6,7 mmol/L), além de xantomas de tendão de Aquiles, obesidade e pré-hipertensão. A genotipagem identificou as mutações 661G>A, 670G>A e 682G>A, no exon 4, e 919G>A, no exon 6. A mesma mutação no exon 4 foi observada no filho do caso-índice (7 anos), que também tem hipercolesterolemia e xantomas tendinosos, ao passo que a filha do caso-índice (9 anos) apresenta mutação no exon 6 e hiperlipidemia, sem xantomas. Em suma, este relato permite uma melhor compreensão acerca da base molecular da HF no Brasil, um país multirracial, onde é esperada uma população heterogênea.


Abstract Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease caused by a primary defect in the LDL-receptor gene. Distinct variants in the same gene characterize a compound heterozygote, but little is known about the phenotypes of the carriers. Therefore, herein, we describe the cascade screening of a Brazilian family with this characteristic. The index case, a 36-year-old male, had a total cholesterol level of 360 mg/dL (9.3 mmol/L) and LDL-c value of 259 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L), in addition to Achilles tendon xanthomas, obesity and prehypertension. Genotyping identified the variants 661G>A, 670G>A, 682G>A in exon 4 and 919G>A in exon 6. The same variant in exon 4 was found in the index case's son (7-y), who also had hypercholesterolemia and xanthomas, while the index case's daughter (9-y) had the variant in exon 6 and hyperlipidemia, without xanthomas. In summary, this report allows for a better insight into the molecular basis of FH in Brazil, a multi-racial country where a heterogeneous population is expected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics , Phenotype , Brazil , Receptors, LDL/genetics , Heterozygote
9.
Pesqui. prát. psicossociais ; 15(2): 1-19, maio-ago. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1125320

ABSTRACT

A educação escolar tem considerável atuação na formação de subjetividades e, nesse âmbito, o trabalho educativo opera na manutenção-transformação de atitudes pautadas em preconceitos e estereótipos de gênero e sexualidade. Essas atitudes encontram-se presentes no cotidiano das escolas e, não raro, são motivadoras de conflitos nas relações entre os sujeitos que ali se encontram. Apostando no importante papel que a escola tem para a desconstrução de preconceitos e rótulos, apresentamos o relato de experiência de um licenciando em História, que usou de oficina pedagógica como ferramenta para mediação de conflitos causados por estereótipos de gênero e sexualidade. A partir da experiência reflexiva desse estudante, em diálogo com a teoria queer e com autores que discutem a resolução de conflitos e a aplicação de oficinas pedagógicas, indicamos como os conflitos interpessoais podem ser oportunidades importantes para o aprendizado de atitudes e valores democráticos e para a formação ética dos estudantes, assim como demonstramos que oficinas pedagógicas se apresentam como ferramentas bastante adequadas para esse trabalho.


School education has a considerable role in the formation of subjectivities, and in this context educational work operates in the maintenance-transformation of attitudes based on prejudices and stereotypes of gender and sexuality. These attitudes are present in the daily life of schools and, not infrequently, are motivators of conflicts in the relationships between their subjects. Supported on the important role that school has for deconstructing prejudices and labels, we present the experience report of a graduate student in history, who used a pedagogical workshop as a tool to mediate conflicts caused by gender and sexuality stereotypes. Based on this student's reflective experience, in dialogue with queer theory and with authors who discuss conflict resolution and the application of pedagogical workshops, we indicate how interpersonal conflicts can be important opportunities for learning democratic attitudes and values and for ethical training of students, as well as demonstrating that pedagogical workshops present themselves as quite adequate tools for this work.


La educación escolar tiene un papel considerable en la formación de subjetividades, y, en este contexto, el trabajo educativo opera en el mantenimiento-transformación de actitudes basadas en prejuicios y estereotipos de género y sexualidad. Estas actitudes están presentes en la vida diaria de las escuelas y, con poca frecuencia, son motivadoras de conflictos en las relaciones entre los sujetos que están allí. Apostando por el importante papel que tiene la escuela para deconstruir prejuicios y etiquetas, presentamos el informe de experiencia de un estudiante graduado en historia, que utilizó un taller pedagógico como una herramienta para mediar conflictos causados por estereotipos de género y sexualidad. Con base en la experiencia reflexiva de este estudiante, en diálogo con la teoría queer y con los autores que discuten la resolución de conflictos y la aplicación de talleres pedagógicos, indicamos cómo los conflictos interpersonales pueden ser oportunidades importantes para aprender actitudes y valores democráticos y para formación ética de los estudiantes, así como demostrar que los talleres pedagógicos se presentan como herramientas bastante adecuadas para este trabajo.


Subject(s)
Gender Identity , Interpersonal Relations , Prejudice , Psychology, Social , Social Support , Sexuality
10.
Hig. Aliment. (Online) ; 34(291): 8, Julho/Dezembro 2020.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399528

ABSTRACT

O consumo diário de vegetais fornece inúmeros benefícios para a saúde do ser humano, no entanto têm sido um dos alimentos mais relacionados a surtos de toxinfecção alimentar em nível mundial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de estruturas parasitárias em hortaliças comercializadas na feira livre do município de Picos, Piauí antes e após a utilização de hipoclorito de sódio como sanitizante. Foram analisadas 160 amostras, sendo 40 de alfaces-crespa (Lactuca sativa L.), 40 amostras de acelga (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.), 40 amostras de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) e 40 amostras de cebolinha (Allium fistulosum L.), todas oriundas de plantio convencional. Para a busca parasitária, utilizou-se o método de sedimentação espontânea (Hoffmann). Os resultados mostraram que 75% das amostras, após lavagem com água destilada, estavam contaminadas por alguma estrutura parasitária, incluindo casos de múltipla contaminação. Os parasitos que prevaleceram nas amostras foram Ancilostomídeo (ovo e larva), Ascaris lumbricoides (ovo), Entamoeba histolytica (cisto), Taenia sp. (ovo) e Trichuris trichiura (ovo e larva). Após a sanitização das amostras, houve a redução da carga parasitária, o que torna indispensável esse processo. Esses dados demonstram a situação higiênico-sanitária precária das hortaliças comercializadas na feira livre e a necessidade da realização de campanhas de educação em saúde para produtores, comerciantes e consumidores de hortaliças da região. Essas medidas proporcionam melhora na qualidade das hortaliças e segurança para quem as consome


Daily intake of vegetables provides numerous benefits to human health, yet they have been one of the foods most related to food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of parasitic structures in vegetables sold in the open fairs in Picos ­ Piauí, before and after the use of 2% sodium hypochlorite as a sanitizer. One hundred and sixty samples were analyzed: 40 of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), 40 samples of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.), 40 samples of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and 40 samples of chives (Allium fistulosum L.), all from conventional planting. For parasitic search, the spontaneous sedimentation method (Hoffmann) was used. All samples examined were contaminated by some parasitic structure and had multiple contamination. The predominant parasites were hookworm (egg and larva), Ascaris lumbricoides (egg), Entamoeba histolytica (cyst), Taenia sp. (egg) and Trichuris trichiura (egg and larva). The samples were sanitized, and the process reduced the parasite load by more than half. It is important to carry out health education campaigns for producers, traders and consumers of vegetables in the region and a strict supervision of the hygienic-sanitary quality of these foods, measures that provide improvement in the quality of vegetables and safety for those who consume them

11.
Hig. aliment ; 34(291): e1015, Julho/Dezembro 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482555

ABSTRACT

O consumo diário de vegetais fornece inúmeros benefícios para a saúde do ser humano, no entanto têm sido um dos alimentos mais relacionados a surtos de toxinfecção alimentar em nível mundial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de estruturas parasitárias em hortaliças comercializadas na feira livre do município de Picos, Piauí antes e após a utilização de hipoclorito de sódio como sanitizante. Foram analisadas 160 amostras, sendo 40 de alfaces-crespa (Lactuca sativa L.), 40 amostras de acelga (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.), 40 amostras de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) e 40 amostras de cebolinha (Allium fistulosum L.), todas oriundas de plantio convencional. Para a busca parasitária, utilizou-se o método de sedimentação espontânea (Hoffmann). Os resultados mostraram que 75% das amostras, após lavagem com água destilada, estavam contaminadas por alguma estrutura parasitária, incluindo casos de múltipla contaminação. Os parasitos que prevaleceram nas amostras foram Ancilostomídeo (ovo e larva), Ascaris lumbricoides (ovo), Entamoeba histolytica (cisto), Taenia sp. (ovo) e Trichuris trichiura (ovo e larva). Após a sanitização das amostras, houve a redução da carga parasitária, o que torna indispensável esse processo. Esses dados demonstram a situação higiênico-sanitária precária das hortaliças comercializadas na feira livre e a necessidade da realização de campanhas de educação em saúde para produtores, comerciantes e consumidores de hortaliças da região. Essas medidas proporcionam melhora na qualidade das hortaliças e segurança para quem as consome.


Daily intake of vegetables provides numerous benefits to human health, yet they have been one of the foods most related to food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of parasitic structures in vegetables sold in the open fairs in Picos – Piauí, before and after the use of 2% sodium hypochlorite as a sanitizer. One hundred and sixty samples were analyzed: 40 of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), 40 samples of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.), 40 samples of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and 40 samples of chives (Allium fistulosum L.), all from conventional planting. For parasitic search, the spontaneous sedimentation method (Hoffmann) was used. All samples examined were contaminated by some parasitic structure and had multiple contamination. The predominant parasites were hookworm (egg and larva), Ascaris lumbricoides (egg), Entamoeba histolytica (cyst), Taenia sp. (egg) and Trichuris trichiura (egg and larva). The samples were sanitized, and the process reduced the parasite load by more than half. It is important to carry out health education campaigns for producers, traders and consumers of vegetables in the region and a strict supervision of the hygienic-sanitary quality of these foods, measures that provide improvement in the quality of vegetables and safety for those who consume them.


Subject(s)
Food Supply , Sodium Hypochlorite/administration & dosage , Market Sanitation , Vegetables/parasitology
12.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(3): 1018-1023, 01-05-2020. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1147194

ABSTRACT

Ameivula is as a new genus of Teiidae family that emerged after extensive revision of species that comprised the former complex of species called Cnemidophorus group. Its species has a wide distribution from the northeast of Brazil to northern Argentina. Cytogenetic studies in the Teiidae family have shown that karyotypical data are important tools in phylogenetic and systematic studies within this group allowing to determine the position of species in the family. Thus, this study aimed to describe the karyotype of Ameivulaocellifera (Spix, 1825) from Picos, Piauí state in the Brazilian Northeast. Specimens were collected from August 2014 to October 2015 using interception traps and pitfalls, mounted randomly along the Caatinga area. The animals were collected and transported to Federal Institute of Piauí, campus Picos, where was carried out all laboratory procedures. Individuals analyzed showed a diploid number of 2n = 50 for both sexes, with karyotype composed by 30 macrochromosomes and 20 microchromosomes of telocentric and subtelocentric types. There were no heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the studied specimens. C-band technique evidenced the heterochromatic blocks in pericentromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. The nucleolar organizing regions appeared as a simple unit located at the terminal portion of the long arm of chromosomal pair number 5. The chromosomal characteristics of A. ocellifera analyzed do not show divergences regarding individuals from other regions. However, the nucleolar organizing regions seems to be a good chromosomal marker that permits to distinguish the species already studied.


Ameivula é um novo gênero da família Teiidae que surgiu após extensa revisão de espécies que compuseram o antigo complexo de espécies chamado grupo Cnemidophorus. Suas espécies têm uma ampla distribuição do nordeste do Brasil ao norte da Argentina. Estudos citogenéticos na família Teiidae mostraram que os dados cariotípicos são ferramentas importantes em estudos filogenéticos e sistemáticos dentro deste grupo, permitindo determinar a posição das espécies na família. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o cariótipo de Ameivula ocellifera (Spix, 1825) de Picos, no nordeste brasileiro. Os espécimes foram coletados de agosto de 2014 a outubro de 2015 utilizando armadilhas de interceptação e armadilhas, montadas aleatoriamente ao longo da área da Caatinga. Os animais foram coletados e transportados para o Instituto Federal do Piauí, campus Picos, onde foram realizados todos os procedimentos laboratoriais. Os indivíduos analisados apresentaram um número diploide de 2n = 50 para ambos os sexos, com cariótipo composto por 30 macrocromossomos e 20 microcromossomos dos tipos telocêntrico e subtelocêntrico. Não houve cromossomos sexuais heteromórficos nos espécimes estudados. A técnica da banda C evidenciou os blocos heterocromáticos nas regiões pericentroméricas e teloméricas dos cromossomos. As regiões organizadoras de nucléolos apareceram como uma unidade simples localizada na porção terminal do braço longo do par cromossômico número 5. As características cromossômicas de A. ocellifera analisadas não mostram divergências em relação a indivíduos de outras regiões. No entanto, as regiões organizadoras de nucléolos parecem ser um bom marcador cromossômico que permite distinguir as espécies já estudadas.


Subject(s)
Cytogenetics , Karyotype
13.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 29(4): e014120, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138133

ABSTRACT

Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease, which is prevalent across the world and has a strong environmental component in its transmission chain. The present study determined the seroprevalence and factors related to Toxoplasma gondii infection among free-range chickens from an Atlantic Forest area in Northeastern Brazil. A total of 550 free-range chickens were tested for T. gondii antibodies usingthe indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT, cut-off point 1:16), and 269 (48.9%; 95% CI = 44.7-53.1%) were positive. Among the 61 properties 57 (93.4%) had at least one seropositive animal. The robust Poisson regression model showed that the variables/categories associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii were: region of origin of the animals/urban area (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.346; P<0.001), management system/use of cages (PR = 1.591; P = 0.019), presence of rodents/yes (PR = 1.295; P = 0.035), and the type of food/use of food scraps (PR = 1.603; P = 0.009). The high prevalence found suggest that this scenario demands careful management, mainly regarding the use of scraps of undercooked or raw food, adequate environmental hygiene and frequent rodentcontrol.


Resumo A toxoplasmose é uma doença parasitária mundial com um forte componente ambiental em sua cadeia de transmissão. Nesta pesquisa, foram determinados a soroprevalência e os fatores associados em galinhas caipiras de uma área de Mata Atlântica no Nordeste do Brasil. Um total de 550 galinhas caipiras foi testado para anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii pela reação de imunfluorescência indireta (RIFI) com ponto de corte de 1:16, e 269 (48,9%; IC95% = 44,7- 53,1%) foram positivas. Das 61 propriedades visitadas, 57 (93,4%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo. O modelo de regressão de Poisson robusta mostrou que as variáveis/categorias associadas à soroprevalência de T. gondii foram: origem dos animais/área urbana (razão de prevalência - RP = 2,346; P<0,001), sistema de manejo/uso de gaiolas (RP = 1,591; P = 0,019), presença de roedores/sim (RP = 1,295; P = 0,035), e tipo de alimento/uso de sobras de alimentos (RP = 1,603; P = 0,009). A alta prevalência sugereque este cenário demanda cuidados de manejo, principalmente no que se refere ao fornecimento de sobras de alimentos mal cozidos ou crus, higiene adequada do meio ambiente e controle frequente de roedores.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry Diseases/diagnosis , Chickens/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology , Poultry Diseases/parasitology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Brazil/epidemiology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Forests , Chickens/immunology , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20180571, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132192

ABSTRACT

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, and it is considered the primary source of nutritional layout in developing countries in Asia. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) superfamily confers to rice protection against biotic and abiotic stress, and herbicide resistance. However, the three-dimensional structure of a GST Tau class, is unsolved. The objectives of this work were to develop a reliable comparative model for the s-transferase glutathione class Tau 4 from rice, and simulate docking interactions, against herbicides bentazon and metsulfuron. Results showed that the predicted model is reliable and has structural quality. Ramachandran plot set 91.9% of the residues in the most favored regions. All complexes showed negative binding energies values; and metsulfuron docked to the glutathione tripeptide, and it represents a possible insilico evidence of glutathione conjugation with this herbicide.


Subject(s)
Oryza/enzymology , Stress, Physiological , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Herbicides/metabolism , Oryza/drug effects , Inactivation, Metabolic
15.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 20(1): e20190868, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055253

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The pronounced dry season determines the characteristics of the semiarid region of Brazil. Numerous small reservoirs are built to overcome this condition, accumulating multiple uses and causing important changes in the landscape and the local biota. Considering the limited amount of information about the malacofauna of reservoirs, mainly in the Northeast region of the country, this inventory provides a list of mollusks from three important reservoirs located in the city of São Julião, state of Piauí. The collections were carried out monthly between May/2017 and April/2018, sampling a total of 11,149 mollusks, corresponding to the species Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (n = 9,724), Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) (n = 1,361) and Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827) (n = 64). The richness of mollusks from the three reservoirs was low, similar to those described in studies conducted in other regions of Northeast Brazil. There was a significant difference in the abundance of M. tuberculata and B. straminea among the studied reservoirs. These environments are not connected and are installed in urban and rural areas, presenting different ecological conditions. The relationship between the human population and the reservoirs, associated with the lack of sanitation, increases the risks of spreading waterborne diseases besides the development of environmental imbalance by the introduction of exotic species.


Resumo: O período de seca pronunciado marca a região semiárida brasileira. Para superação dessa condição inúmeros reservatórios de pequeno porte são construídos, acumulando múltiplos usos e causando alterações importantes na paisagem e na biota local. Considerando as poucas informações sobre a malacofauna de reservatórios, principalmente na região nordeste do país, este trabalho apresenta o inventário das espécies de moluscos provenientes de três importantes reservatórios localizados no município de São Julião, estado do Piauí. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente entre os meses de maio/2017 e abril/2018. Foi amostrado um total de 11.149 moluscos, correspondentes as espécies Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (n=9,724), Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) (n=1,361) e Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827) (n=64). A riqueza de moluscos amostrados nos três reservatórios foi baixa, não diferindo daquelas descritas em estudos realizados em outras regiões do Nordeste do Brasil. Houve diferença significativa na abundância de M. tuberculata e B. straminea entre os reservatórios estudados os quais não são conectados e encontram-se instalados em áreas urbana e rurais, com condições ambientais distintas. A relação entre a população humana da região e os reservatórios, juntamente com a falta de saneamento representam riscos à propagação de doenças transmitidas pela água e desequilíbrio ambiental pela introdução de espécies exóticas.

16.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20200177, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136813

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION Triatomine bugs are hematophagous insects that are extremely important in public health because they are natural vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. In this study, we aimed to assess the occurrence of triatomine species and the natural T. cruzi infection in the Guaribas Valley territory, an endemic region for Chagas disease in northeastern Brazil. METHODS Insects were actively captured from July 2017 to October 2019 in the intra- and peridomiciles of 16 municipalities of the Guaribas Valley territory, in the southeast area of Piauí state. Triatomine species were identified following a taxonomic key, and natural infection was investigated through insects' fresh feces exams. RESULTS A total of 430 triatomines were collected, including 211 nymphs and 219 adults. Of all collected specimens, 39 (9.1%) were from the intradomiciles and 391 (90.9%) from peridomiciles. Nine species, including two subspecies, could be identified: Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis, T. brasiliensis macromelasoma, T. pseudomaculata, T. sordida, T. juazeirensis, T. melanocephala, Panstrongylus lutzi, Rhodnius domesticus, R. nasutus, and R. robustus. T. brasiliensis were the most frequently collected bugs, representing 72% of all the identified insects. None of the examined invertebrates presented flagellate forms of T. cruzi. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of T. b. macromelasoma and T. juazeirensis in the Guaribas Valley territory. The persistence of triatomine species in the domiciles in an endemic area for Chagas disease emphasizes the relevance of entomological surveillance and vector control measures in the studied area.


Subject(s)
Animals , Triatoma , Trypanosoma cruzi , Triatominae , Chagas Disease , Brazil , Insect Vectors
18.
HU rev ; 45(4): 381-388, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1051262

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma das doenças que mais demandam ações, procedimentos e serviços de saúde. Por ser uma condição crônica, tais situações relacionadas ao DM acarretam altos gastos para o sistema de saúde e constituem um fardo global para a saúde pública com impacto significativo nas economias dos estados. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de DM na população do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e identificar o perfil dos indivíduos entrevistados pela PAD-MG relacionando a presença de DM entre os entrevistados com as características socioeconômicas, demográficas e condições de saúde. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo secundário de análise dos dados de indivíduos do Vale do Jequitinhonha que relataram ter diabetes na PAD-MG, realizada em 2013 pela Fundação João Pinheiro. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra e análises bivariadas. Para as variáveis categóricas foi realizado o teste Qui-quadrado e para as variáveis quantitativas foi realizado o teste Mann-Whitney. A regressão binária logística foi realizada considerando o nível de significância p≤0,001. Resultados: A prevalência de DM na mesorregião do Jequitinhonha foi de 4,2%. Houve associação (p<0,001) entre a variável resposta e as variáveis sexo, idade, hipertensão, doenças cardíacas, percepção de saúde regular ou ruim e internação no último ano. Conclusão: O DM mostrou-se prevalente na mesorregião do Jequitinhonha e apresentou associação estatística com as características socioeconômicas, demográficas e condições de saúde estudadas.


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the diseases that most demands actions, procedures and health services. As a chronic condition, such DM-related situations entail high health care spending and constitute a global public health burden with significant impact on state economies. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of DM in the population of Jequitinhonha Valley (MG), Brazil, and to identify the profile of individuals interviewed by PAD-MG relating the presence of diabetes among respondents with socioeconomic, demographic and health conditions. Material and Methods: A secondary study was conducted to analyze data from individuals from Vale do Jequitinhonha who reported having diabetes in PAD-MG, conducted in 2013 by the João Pinheiro Foundation. Descriptive statistics were used for sample characterization and bivariate analyzes. For categorical variables, the chi-square test was performed and for quantitative variables, the Mann-Whitney test was performed. Logistic binary regression was performed considering the significance level p≤0.001. Results: The prevalence of DM in the Jequitinhonha mesoregion was 4.2%. There was an association (p<0.001) between the response variable and the variables gender, age, hypertension, heart disease, perception of regular or poor health and hospitalization in the last year. Conclusion: DM was prevalent in the Jequitinhonha mesoregion and was statistically associated with the socioeconomic, demographic and health conditions studied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Socioeconomic Factors , Health Systems , Health Expenditures , Delivery of Health Care , Diabetes Mellitus , Health Services
19.
Clinics ; 74: e829, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001830

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To test whether swimming training benefits femoral neck strength in young diabetic rats under insulin therapy. METHODS: A total of 60 male Wistar rats (age: 40 days) were divided equally into the following six groups: control sedentary, control exercise, diabetic sedentary, diabetic exercise, diabetic sedentary plus insulin and diabetic exercise plus insulin. Diabetes was induced with a unique intraperitoneal injection (60 mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin. Seven days after the injection and after 12 hours of fasting, the animals with blood glucose levels ≥300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Seven days after the induction of diabetes, the animals in the exercise groups were subjected to progressive swimming training (final week: 90 min/day; 5 days/week; 5% load) for eight weeks. The animals in the insulin groups received a daily dose of insulin (2-4 U/day) for the same period. RESULTS: Severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes reduced the structural properties of the femoral neck (trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness and collagen fiber content). The femoral neck mechanical properties (maximum load and tenacity) were also impaired in the diabetic rats. Insulin therapy partially reversed the damage induced by diabetes on the structural properties of the bone and mitigated the reductions in the mechanical properties of the bone. The combination of therapies further increased the femoral neck trabecular bone volume (∼30%), trabecular thickness (∼24%), collagen type I (∼19%) and type III (∼13%) fiber contents, maximum load (∼25%) and tenacity (∼14%). CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of swimming training potentiates the recovery of femoral neck strength in young rats with severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes under insulin therapy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Swimming/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Exercise Therapy/methods , Femur Neck/physiopathology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Time Factors , Blood Glucose/analysis , Body Weight/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Collagen/analysis , Rats, Wistar , Streptozocin , Fractures, Bone/physiopathology , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Cancellous Bone/physiopathology
20.
Barbarói ; (50): 245-262, jul.-dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-972526

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar o Núcleo de Atenção ao Homem, de um município de médio porte do interior paulista, que desenvolve ações interventivas junto a homens agressores. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um relato de experiência, o qual dialoga com a perspectiva teórica dos estudos de gênero. Espera-se que a socialização do trabalho possa colaborar para a problematização da violência de gênero e para a elaboração de estratégias de enfrentamento à violência, as quais, para além de medidas protetivas direcionadas às vítimas, contribuam para que os próprios agressores possam ressignificar suas ações e condutas.


The present paper aims to present the Nucleo of Attention to the Man in a medium-sized municipality of the interior of São Paulo that develops intervention actions with aggressive men. Methodologically, it is an experience report that dialogues with the theoretical perspective of gender studies.It is hoped that the socialization of this work can contribute to the questioning of gender violence and to the elaboration of coping strategies that, in addition to protective measures directed at the victims, contribute to the aggressors themselves being able to resignify their actions and behaviors.


El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar el Núcleo de Atención al Hombre en un municipio de mediano porte del interior paulista que desarrolla acciones interventivas junto a hombres agresores. Metodológicamente, se trata de un relato de experiencia que dialoga con la perspectiva teórica de los estudios de género. Se espera que la socialización del trabajo pueda colaborar para la problematización de la violencia de género y para la elaboración de estrategias de enfrentamiento a la violencia que, además de medidas protectivas dirigidas a las víctimas, contribuyan a que los propios agresores puedan resignificar sus acciones y conductas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Masculinity , Violence Against Women , Sexism
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