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Background@#Plants have played a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life for thousands of years and have served humans as valuable components of seasonings, beverages, cosmetics, dyes and medicines. There are a number of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in the Mongolia to form “tan” prescriptions which are mostly consist of the mixture of individual medicinal plants and used by nomads during the long history for their health care as medicines. Lancea tibetica (Scrophulariaceae) is a traditional herbal medicinal plant in Mongolia, China and Tibetan. In Mongolian traditional medicine, L.tibetica different exclusive forms of preparations are effective for treatment of some disorders such as pulmonary, cough and heart disease. @*Aim@#This study aim was to define the biochemical some composition antibacterial activity and mineral elements content in air-dried samples Lancea tibetica of Mongolia. @*Material and Method@#The antibacterial activity and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was collected of the seed, aboveground part and root for the Lancea tibetica. From three different organs of plant Lancea tibetica was collected of the Tsenkher district Arkhangai province (2017.07.28) and Tunel district Khuvsgul province (2018.08.27) were evaluated by means of the Disk diffusion method against five bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis). We have taken extracts of plant 3 organs from organic solvent (7) ethyl acetate, hexane, n-butanol, methanol, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water for antibacterial activity. MIC of the extracts were defined and compared with each other. The macro-and microelements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer analysis (XRFA).@*@#@*Result@#We have taken a dried seed, aboveground part and root of Lancea tibetica in the investigation. In these three samples were determined biochemical composition of 11 components for quantitative analysis: moisture was 6.2±0.2%, ash 4.8%, protein content was 1.67±0.1%, raw oil 5.9±0.3%, reduction sugar 0.39±0.1%, vitamin Р 16.6±1.8 mg%, extractive substances 18.6±0.2%, tanning matter 0.05±0.02% and flavonoids 0.2±0.01% in seed. The same moisture was 6.7±0.4%, ash 9.7%, protein content 1.89±0.2%, raw oil 6.1±0.8%, reduction sugar 0.52±0.1%, vitamin С 3.52±2.2mg%, vitamin Р (rutin) 20.3±0.2mg%, carotene 12.8mg%, extractive substances 16.8±0.1%, tanning matter 0.08±0.01% and flavonoids 0.6±0.24% in aboveground part. Besides this, in root: the moisture was 6.1±0.3%, ash was 14.9%, protein content was 2.1±0.3%, raw oil was 2.9±0.2%, reduction sugar 0.62±0.02%, vitamin Р 17.8±0.05mg%, extractive substances 20.3±0.4%, tanning matter was 0.06±0.03%, flavonoid was 0.35±0.002%. Besides this, we revealed the saponin by method quality analysis in aerial part and root of Lancea tibetica. But not triterpenoid saponin in seed. The same not revealed alkaloid all the samples. </br> Eighteen extracts (5mg/disc) of three organs (seed, aerial parts and root) showed antibacterial activity diverse. The MIC in ethanol and butanol extracts of seed, aboveground part and root was more than others. </br> From thoroughly air-dried aboveground part samples of Lancea tibetica from Tsenkher district of Arkhangai province and Tunel district of Khuvsgul province. We determined the 43 mineral elements. 11 elements were defined by percentage, 10 elements were oxide forms (SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaO, MgO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>2</sub>O, MnO, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) of them. Other elements were defined by mg/kg unit. The same heavy metallic, mobile elements (Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co) and rare earth elements (Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Sm) were determined.@*Conclusion@#In the result of this research work to determine the content of biologically active substances in Lancea tibetica. Plants produce a great variety of organic compounds that are not directly involved in primary metabolic processes of ground and development. Study of the biochemistry of plant natural products has many practical applications. Various detectable contents of useful or macronutrient and micronutrient oxide was found in the ash of aerial parts. Some macronutrient and micronutrient elements were detected by oxide forms.
ABSTRACT
@#BACKGROUND. Traditional medicine is the oldest form of health care in the world and is used in the prevention and treatment of physical and mental illnesses3. Traditional medicine is also variously known as complementary and alternative, or ethnic medicine, and it still plays a key role in many countries today11. Plant produces a wide variety of secondary metabolites which are used either directly as precursors or as lead compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug resistant microbial pathogens7. Antibacterial activities of various extracts, including methanol, ethanol, butanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts from traditional Tiishal medicine and its medicinal plants ingredients were carried out. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enterica. For this purpose extract of drug Tiishal were prepared and tested by “Disc Diffusion Method”. As a result of this study it was found that the extract of Tiishal generally revealed antimicrobial activity against both gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus) and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica). The to study found that antibacterial activity of the ethanol extracts of each 6 samples showed little inhibition on Sal. enterica. METHODS. Traditional medicine Tiishal was produced from the Manba Datsan clinic and training center for traditional Mongolian medicine. Tiishal medicine was prepared by the standard MNS 5585:2006, № 0333151207 Tiishal medicine instructional method. The main medicinal herbs of Tiishal include Juniperus pseudosabinaFisch., Gentiana barbata Froel., Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., Sophora alopecuroides L., and Tricholoma mongolicum Imai (1:1:1:1:1) ratio. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol, methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts was carried by disc diffusion method. RESULTS. A total 4 strains were used for the antibacterial activity test. The extracts of methanol, and ethanol of J. pseudosabina revealed the highest antibacterial activity against Bac. subtilis, Ps. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. enteric with the diameters of inhibition zones between 6.0 - 10.0 mm. СONCLUSION. “Tiishal”, ethanol and methanol extracts of 5 different plants showed relatively low inhibition of bacterial growth.
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Airag is a Mongolian traditional fermented equine milkbeverage, also known as koumiss in some parts of the world, fermented by a co-culture of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria. Little information is available on the bacterial communities in Mongolian traditional airag made from raw mare’s milk. Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Leuconostoc species were isolated from airag. Strains of enterococci, including E. faecium and E. faecalis, are known to produce bacteriocins. These are called enterocins and they generally belong to class II bacteriocins. However, detailed studies of bacteriocins from Enterococcus durans are rare. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) issued from Mongolian airag (traditional fermented mare’s milk), and to purify and characterize bacteriocins produced by theseLAB.Identification of the bacteria (Enterococcus durans) wascarried out on the basis of its morphological, biochemical characteristics andcarbohydrate fermentation profile by API50CH kit and 16S rDNA analyses.The pH-neutral cell-free supernatant of this bacterium inhibited the growth of several Lactobacillus spp. and food-borne pathogens including Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua. The antimicrobial agent (enterocin A5-11) was heat stable and was not sensitive to acid and alkaline conditions (pH 2–10), but was sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes. Its inhibitoryactivity was completely eliminated after treatment with proteinase K anda-chymotrypsin. Three-step purification procedure withhigh recovery yields was developed to separate two bacteriocins. The appliedprocedure allowed the recovery of 16% and 64% of enterocinsA5-11A andA5-11B, respectively, present in the culture supernatant with purity higher than99%. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that enterocin A5-11 has a molecular massof 5000 Da and mass spectrometry analyses demonstrates molecular masses of5206 and 5218 Da for fractions A and B, respectively. Amino acid analyses ofboth enterocins indicated significant quantitative difference in their contents in threonine, alanine, isoleucine and leucine. Their N-termini were blocked hamperingstraightforward Edman degradation.The minimuminhibitory concentration of bacteriocinsA5-11A andA5-11B was8.2 µM l-1and 9,2 µM l-1, respectivelyBacteriocins A5-11A and B from Ent. durans belong to the classII of bacteriocins
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Background:One of the soil pollution assessment criterions is bacterial contamination. Soil bacterial contamination has negative impact on water, air, food stuff, human health as well as soil biological activity and soil purification process. The soil of populated area is contaminated by animal and human solid and liquid wastes, dead plants and industrial and household drainage water. Soil becomes a source harboring and transmitting pathogens due to the fact that pathogens are transmitted to the soil by the wastes of patients, human and animal corpses (dead bodies) died of infectious diseases, plants and water. Since it is difficult to detect pathogens from outside environment, the level of soil bacterial contamination is determined by the way of detecting medically important group of bacteria such as E.coli, Cl.perfringens, Proteus and thermophilic bacteria. Aim:Our survey objective is to determine level of soil contamination of Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, Darkhan city’s by using microbiological method. Results and Discussion:1.Microbiological characteristics of soil bacterial quantitative assessment of the cities surveyed in Ulaanbaatar, all soil samples, Darkhan city, 72.2% and Erdenet, 54.5% belong to higher contamination levels. In 2009, Ulaanbaatar the result of E.coli titer 0.004, anaerobic titer 0,001 and thermophilic bacterial number 28,8 x10 c/g revealed.2.Compared to the average Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan city colon E.coli average titer of 1.25 times and anaerobic-titer 2 times and thermophilic bacteria was less than 1.6 times the number of a city for these parameters 1.5 times and 2 times and 1.5 timesis low.
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BackgroundLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are significant to human health due to the production of some antimicrobial and ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Recently researchers in the food biotechnologies are centred on careful isolation and selection of new strains of LAB. In this study were isolated and identificated strains of LAB from koumiss in Mongolia.Materials and MethodsMongolian traditional koumiss collected from Arkhangai, Bulgan, Dundgobi, Uvurkhangai, Tuv province in 2010. Phenotypical characterization methods of LAB and identification of strains was carried out by using API systems.ResultIn this study were isolated 35 strains of LAB. All strains were gram positive, catalase negative and had a cocci (T-8), bacilli (A-4, BL-12, Du-8, O-9, B-13 and A-7 ) in pair or chains. Optimal growth temperature occurred between 280C to 420C into a pH range between 3 to 8 and up to 0,5% NaCl. Purified 9 strains showed antimicrobial and proteolytic activity. The present study carries out the identification of 7 strains using the API 50 CH tests from Biomerieux. ConclusionSix strains of Lactobacillus sp (L.brevis, L.paracasei, L.plantarum,), one strain of Lactococcus sp (L.Lactis) have been isolated from traditional koumiss. Preliminary study of koumiss starter was carried out.