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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of vitamins in parenteral nutrition (PN) prescription,and to provide reference for rational use of vitamins in PN. METHODS:Usingparenteral nutritionintravenous nutritionprescription analy-sisrational drug useanalysis of medical orderas keywords,the literatures about the rationality analysis of PN prescriptions were retrieved from CNKI and Wanfang database during 2006-2015,and the utilization of vitamin included in literatures were ana-lyzed and summarized. RESULTS:A total of 34 literatures were included. There were 158874 prescriptions,among which vitamin was used in 145400 prescriptions (91.52%). 12 or 13 kinds of vitamin were used in 73508 prescriptions (46.27%);over-dose drug use was found in 53388 prescriptions(33.60%),and vitamin was not completely added into 18504 prescriptions(11.65%);no vitamin was added into 1663 prescriptions (1.05%). The proportion of the prescriptions including 12 or 13 kinds of vitamin was the highest in northern China (52.00%). 12 or 13 kinds of vitamin were added into the prescriptions and the author believed that the proportion of excessive use of vitamin,incomplete addition of water-soluble vitamin and fat-soluble vitamin in class three grade A hospitals were all lower than hospitals below class three grade A. The prescriptions including 12 or 13 kinds of necessary vi-tamin were adopted in oncology department(97.72%),internal medicine department(86.62%),intensive care unit(77.99%)and surgery department(52.83%). CONCLUSIONS:The standardized use of vitamin PN prescriptions occupies low proportion in Chi-na. It is necessary to enhance the conception that multiple recommended vitamins should be added into PN.
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Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic source imaging(MSI) in localizing the epileptic foci of patients with histologically proved grey matter heterotopia(GMH) and seizure. Methods MSI examinations were performed on 8 patients with GMH and seizure. The location of the epileptic foci defined by MSI was compared with the results of the ECoG. After imaging examinations, all patients received operation with 13-48 months follow up to observe the effectiveness of the operation. Results Among the 8 patients, 1 had hippocampal sclerosis,2 had focal cortical dysplasiaof type Ⅰ B and 1 had focal cortical dysplasia of type Ⅱ B. MRI showed normal findings in 2 cases, subcortical heterotopia in 4 cases, and nodulor heterotopia in 2 cases with one having schizencephaly. The epileptic foci defined by MSI were at right temporal lobe in 2 cases, left frontal lobe in 2 cases, biparietal lobe in1 case, left parietal lobe in 1 case, left temporal lobe in 1 case, and left frontal-parietal lobe in 1 case. The epileptic foci defined by MSI were completely overlaid with area of GMH in 4 cases, closely behind the area of GMH in case, and partly overlaid with area of GMH in 1 cases with size larger than that of the latter. One patient showed two epileptic foci with one located within the area of GMH and the other one 2 centimeters anterior to the area of GMH.One case's epileptic focus located 2 centimeters posteolateral to the area of GMH . The locations of the epileptic foci defined by MSI showed no difference with those defined by ECoG in all patients. According to Engel classification of treatment effect of epilepsy, 6 patients achieved Engle class Ⅰ ( seizure free after operation ), and 2 patients Engel class Ⅳ ( no changes in the frequcenty of occurrence of seizures before and after operation ). Conclusion MSI can noninvasively and precisely localize the epileptic foci before operation in patients with GMH and seizure.
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Objective To assess the value of magnetic source imaging (MSI) in localizing the linguistic center of auditory function of epileptic patients before operation. Methods Epileptic focus and the linguistic center of auditory function in 24 patients were localized with MSI before operation. And the relationship between epileptic focus and auditory language area was observed. Results The linguistic center of auditory function was localized in left temporal lobe in 14 patients, in right temporal lobe in 5 patients and in bilaterial temporal lobe in 5 patients. Epileptic focus was localized in left temporal lobe in 14 patients, in left temporal lobe and left parietal lobe in 1 patient, in right temporal lobe in 4 patients, in right temporal lobe and parietal lobe in 1 patient, in left frontal lobe and left temporal lobe in 1 patient, in right frontal lobe, right temporal lobe and parietal lobe in 1 patient, and in bilaterial temporal lobe in 2 patients. Epileptic focus was superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function in 10 patients, while was not superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function in 10 patients. The epileptic focus was localized in front of the linguistic center of auditory function in 3 patients, in behind of the linguistic center of auditory function in 1 patient. The lesion of the patient suffered from dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor was not excised completely because the epileptic focus was superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function, and the patient appeared language functional disturbance after operation in short period, remaining auditory hallucination occasionally after operation. Conclusion Epileptic focus and the linguistic center of auditory function can be localized accurately and the relationship between them can be observed clearly with MSI. MSI is useful to reduce the occurrence of language disturbance after operation.
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Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of esomerphrazole in treating patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GRED) between Han and Inner Mongolia populations.Methods Those who underwent endoscopic examination and had reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) >12 from March 2006 to March 2008 were selected. The patients were divided into Han group and Inner Mongolia group with 120 each. All patients were received esomerphrazole 20 mg daily for 6 weeks. The patients were evaluated by RDQ questionnaire at 2nd, 4th and 6th week, and were reexamined by gastroscopy at 6th week. Results After two weeks, effective rate of 50% was achieved in both groups, but it was higher in Han group than in Inner Mongolia group at 4th and 6th week. After 6 weeks, the curative rate of RE was higher in Han group than in Inner Mongolia group. Conclusion The different nations ancl habits result in the different efficacy of esomerphrazole, which may be improved by prolonging time of medication and changing habits.
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Objective To study the relationship between intrarenal arterial lesions(IAL)and carotid atherosclerosis(AS)in patients with renal glomerular disease.Methods 251 cases with IAL were selected and 129 age-,pressure-and eGFR-matched renal glomerular disease cases without IAL were randomly selected.The carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)was detected.Clinical and laboratory examination and renal histological characteristics were compared the two guoups.Results ①The detection rate of carotid AS was higher in patients with IAL than those without IAL(38.2%vs.20.2%),and higher in patients≥40 years than in patients＜40 years(51.3%vs.13.1%)(P<0.05 for each). ②The carotid AS group was older and had higher frequencey of fasting blood glucose,body mass index,smoking,and family history of hypertension,longer duration of established hypertension and renal glomerular disease,higher prevalence of hypertension,IAL and renal lesions,and had lower eGFR than the carotid normal group(all P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that IAL and age emerged as an independent risk factor for carotid AS(OR=1.826 and 1.129,P=0.001 and 0.003).Conclusion The intrarenal arterial lesion is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with renal glomerular disease.Controlling blood glucose,blood pressure,weight,smoking quit and delaying progression of kidney disease have important significance in relieving or preventing atherosclerosis and intrarenal arterial lesions of patients with renal glomerular diseases.
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@#Objective To observe the changes of magnetoencephalography (MEG) during stretching and flexing forefinger in one hemiplegic patient before and after rehabilitation training.MethodsThe cerebral electromagnetic wave of one hemiplegic patient during stretching and flexing both forefingers was recorded by MEG and superposed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to form magnetic source imaging (MSI). The changes of MEG before and after rehabilitation training were analyzed.ResultsThere was no movement evoking magnetic fields in right hemisphere motor cortex at two MSI detections, but detected in left hemisphere motor cortex. The latent period of the first and the second detection was -34.2 ms and -61.7 ms respectively. The exiting motor cortex was located in precentral gyrus. The exiting motor cortex at the second detection was located more front medial and low than at the first detection. The volume of the exiting motor cortex (9569.6 m3) at the second detection was more larger than the first detection (2309.7 m3). There was no movement evoking somatosensory magnetic fields in right hemisphere motor cortex at first MSI detection, but found at the second detection, the latent period was 91.1 ms, and the exiting cortex was located in postcentral gyrus.ConclusionThe cortex somatosensory function of patient with stroke recovers early than the motor function and the uninjured hemisphere function can improve obviously after rehabilitation training.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To localize the language cortex associated with Chinese word processing by magnetic source imaging (MSI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight right-handed and one left-handed healthy native Chinese subjects were examined by magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. All subjects were given pure tone stimuli 50 times, 150 pairs of Chinese words (meaning related or unrelated) auditory stimuli, and pure tone stimuli subsequently 50 times. Evoked response fields time locked to the pure tone and Chinese words were recorded using a whole-head neuromagnetometer in real-time. The acquired data were averaged by the acquisition computer according to the response to the pure tone, related pairs of words and unrelated pairs of words. The data obtained by MEG were superimposed on MRI, using a GE Signa 1.5T system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MEG, showed there were two obviously higher magnetic waves named M50 and M100, which were localized in the bilateral transverse temporal gyri in all subjects. The responses to the pairs of Chinese words (meaning related or unrelated) were similar in the same hemisphere of the same subjects. There was a higher peak during 300 - 600 ms in the right hemisphere of one left handed subject, but no peak in the left hemisphere, indicating that the language dominant hemisphere was localized in the right hemisphere. Superimposing the MEG data on MRI, the language area was localized in the Wernicke's areas. A 300 - 600 ms response peak was obsarved in each hemisphere (the amplitude of the 300 - 600 ms response peak in each hemisphere was almost the same) in two right-handed subjects, showing that the language area was localized in the 2 hemispheres in the two subjects. There was one peak in each hemisphere (300 - 600 ms response) in 6 subjects, but the amplitude of the wave in the left hemisphere in the 6 subjects was much higher than that in the right hemisphere. By choosing randomly from the later component (300 - 600 ms response) several time points and superimposing them on MRI, all time points were localized in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyri, which is the Wernicke's areas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Comparing with the later component of the bilateral hemispheres, the wave amplitude in the language dominant hemisphere was much higher than that in the non-language dominant hemisphere. The language areas could be identified by judging whether meanings of pairs of Chinese words were related or not.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cerebral Cortex , Language , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , MagnetoencephalographyABSTRACT
0.05). Conclusions The primary auditory cortex could be precisely localized by MSI.
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AIM and METHODS: The effects of angiotensin II(AngII) on the activation of three transcription factors were investigated by using EMSA and western-blot methods in endothelial cells respectively. RESULTS: The EMSA results showed that AngII stimulation could increase NF-κB, SP-1 and AP-1 activation in ECV304, which suggested that activity changes in these three transcription factors could partly contribute to the dysfunction of endothelial cells.The binding affinity of NF-κB, SP-1 and AP-1 with corresponding oligonucleotides in AngII-treated ECV-304 were respectively 10.98,3.89,1.33 times as large as in control. The nuclear appearance of AngII-activated NF-κB was examined by western-blot, which corroborates our results from EMSA analysis. While as the protein appearance of AP-1 and SP-1 in nucleus, were little higher than the control group. The result of western-blot suggested that AngII-induced EC activation of these three transcription factors maybe mainly due to the enhanced binding ability to its corresponding cis-acting factors. CONCLUSION: NF-κB, a ubiquitously exposed nuclear transcription factor, is involved, together with SP-1,AP-1, in the regulation of endothelial cell dysfunction related to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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OBJECTIVE： To prepare etoposide－ bovine serum albumin－ microspheres (VP－ BSA－ MS)and to study the distribution and pharmacokinetics of VP－ BSA－ MS in mice. METHODS: The drug concentrations in various tissues were determined by high－ performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). RESULTS: The VP－ BSA－ MS was injected into mice and (47.88± 2.56 )％ of the total dosage was detected in lung tissue 15min after administration， the pharmacokinetical equation was C=149.0 897e－ 1.7 780t＋ 3.9 627e－ 0.0 398t — 153.0 524e－ 3.5 054t. CONCLUSION： The VP－ BSA－ MS showed remakable targeting action to the lung and the pharmacokinetic regularity could be discribed as two－ compartment model
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Objective To evaluate the epileptic focus localization value of MSI in patients with refractory epilepsy and encephalomalacia. Method MSI examination was proceeded in 11 patients with refractory epilepsy and encephalomalacia. Five of them were treated with gamma-knife; the others were treated with surgery. Results In the five patients treated with gamma-knife, the result was satisfied in 3 patients, one patient improved significantly, the other one useless. The distance between the encephalomalacia and the epileptic focus was 4cm in one patient; one patient′s encephalomalacia was located in right frontal-parietal lobe but the epileptic focus mainly located in right temporal lobe, only a little located around the encephalomalacia. Overall agreement among VEEG,ECoG and MEG (presence of concordant spikes with the same localization shown by three techniques) was obtained in three patients, the areas localized by ECoG were larger than VEEG and MSI in two patients. The localization was different in VEEG, MSI and ECoG in one patient, then he was given a resection of bilateral occipital epileptic focus. The results of patients treated with surgery were satisfied. Conclusion The MSI localization of epileptic focus in patients with refractory epilepsy and encephalomalacia is precise, and it can direct the advanced clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare etoposide-bovine serum albumin-microspheres (VP-BSA-MS)and to study the distribution and pharmacokinetics of VP-BSA-MS in mice. METHODS: The drug concentrations in various tissues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). RESULTS: The VP-BSA-MS was injected into mice and (47.88?2.56 )% of the total dosage was detected in lung tissue 15min after administration,the pharmacokinetical equation was C=149.0 897e-1.7 780t+3.9 627e-0.0 398t —153.0 524e-3.5 054t. CONCLUSION:The VP-BSA-MS showed remakable targeting action to the lung and the pharmacokinetic regularity could be discribed as two-compartment model
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AIM: To determine whether the high mobility group protein I (HMGI) is able to bind to the upstream sequence of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain gene and to characterize the HMGI-binding AT-rich regions. METHODS: Recombinant human HMGI (rhHMGI) protein was prepared and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used. RESULTS: The binding of rhHMGI to PDGF-B (-1 758 / +43 bp) was observed in vitro. Two major HMGI-binding fragments -1 392 / -1 180 bp and -188 / +43 bp were identified, which contained the same AT-rich sequence TTTATAAA (-1 333 / -1 326 bp, -1 314 / -1 307 bp and -30 / -23 bp). An oligonucleotide bound to the TTTATAAA and the GAGACC, the core sequence of the shear stress response element of the PDGF-B, could also bind to the HMGI. Furthermore, HMGI facilitated the binding of NF-?B to the GAGACC in the oligonucleotide. CONCLUSION: The HMGI could bind to the upstream sequence of the PDGF-B gene via the AT-rich sequence TTTATAAA, which may play a role in the transcriptional regulation of the PDGF-B gene.