ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on cell death pattern in neuronal development of chick embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We planned to compare the cytokinetic features in the normal chick embryo and those with BPA. Fifteen eggs were divided into three GROUPS: the control group, BPA 50 microgram/g egg group and BPA 200 microgram/g egg group. Embryos were incubated for 56 hours (Hamburger & Hamilton stage 16) and then we injected BPA into embryos. The embryos were sectioned by 3 micrometer thickness at the level of wing buds and stained at 72 hours after incubation (HH stage 18). We observed cell death in the spinal cord using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. RESULTS: The TUNEL-positivity markedly increased in proportion to the doses of BPA. The number of TUNEL-positive cells per section was 15.2+/-2.14 in the control group, 34.6+/-3.44 in the BPA 50 microgram/g egg group, 87.6+/-4.32 in the BPA 200 g/g egg group. Furthermore the contour of spinal cord was deformed as the doses of BPA raised. CONCLUSION: BPA causes neuronal cell death and exerts cytotoxic effect on early chick embryos. It suggests that BPA might have an effect on cytogenesis during neural tube development.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Apoptosis , Benzhydryl Compounds , Cell Death , Eggs , Embryonic Structures , Neural Tube , Neurons , Ovum , Phenols , Spinal Cord , Wings, AnimalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to predict spontaneous labor onset delivery within 7 days in low risk pregnant women at 38 weeks' of gestation by ultrasonographic examination of cervical changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 110 singleton low risk pregnancies between 37(+0) and 37(+6) weeks of gestation. Fifteen cases were lost during follow-up and finally 95 pregnant women (58 nulliparous, 37 multiparous) were analysed. The study period was from Oct/2005 to May/2007. Four cervical changes (length, gland thickness, funneling and canal formation) were evaluated. Main outcome was remaining day to delivery after the examination. Remaining days to actual delivery with spontaneous labor onset were recorded and the pregnancies were divided into two groups according to remaining days (within 7 days, over 7 days) to compare predicting power of delivery within 7 days. ROC curves were drawn to find out cut-off values of cervical length and gland thickness. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were extracted from four cervical changes. RESULTS: Mean cervical length of pregnant women at 38 weeks' of gestation was 25.8 (+/-10.0) mm and mean cervical gland thickness was 4.3 (+/-1.2) mm. Funnelings of uterine cervix were detected in 13 cases (13.7%), canal formations in 6 cases (6.3%). All four cervical changes were statistically valuable to predict delivery within 7 days and the cervical length showed highest sensitivity. When the cervical length was measured under 20 mm, the possibility of delivery within 7 days was 78.6% (p<0.001). The cervical gland thickness less than 4 mm could predict the delivery within 7 days with sensitivity of 57.1% (p<0.01). Sensitivities of funneling and canal formation for delivery within 7 days were 54.5%, 36.4% each. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographic examination of the cervical changes in low risk singleton pregnancy at 38 weeks' of gestation are valuable for predicting spontaneous labor onset delivery within 7 days. Among four cervical changes, cervical length is most sensitive ultrasonographic marker.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cervix Uteri , Follow-Up Studies , Labor Onset , Parturition , Pregnant Women , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interaction are crucial in tumor development and progression. Tight junction proteins such as claudins and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) play an important role in these processes. This study was performed to investigate the difference of expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: The expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 78 cervical tissue specimens (LSIL 22 case, HSIL 36 case, and ISCC 20 case). RESULTS: Claudin-1 expression was positive in 40.9% of LSIL, in 94.0% of HSIL and in 20.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.0001). Claudin-4 expression was positive in 31.8% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL and in 25.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-4 was high in HSIL, but it was not statistically different. ZO-1 expression was positive in 13.6% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL, and in 25.5% of ISCC. The expression of ZO-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: These results indicate increased expressions of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in the HSIL that includes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3, which decrease during progression to cervical cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Cervix Uteri , Claudin-1 , Claudin-4 , Claudins , Extracellular Matrix , Tight Junction Proteins , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results between laparoscopy and laparotomy for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: We studied retrospectively 254 patients who had admitted to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Sung Ae Hospital and had been treated for ectopic pregnancy from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2003. RESULTS: A total of 254 patients were randomized to either laparoscopy (n=179) or laparotomy (n=75). There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory findings between the two groups. In the both groups, the most common site was the ampullar portion (84.9% vs 73.4%) and the most common operative procedure was the salpingectomy (91.1% vs 88.0%). The mean operation time was not significantly different between the laparoscopy group (50.9 +/- 10.3 minutes) and the laparotomy group (52.8 +/- 12.1 minutes). But the length of the hospital stay was significantly shorter after laparoscopy (3.1 +/- 0.4 days) than after laparotomy (6.2 +/- 0.7 days). There were no intraoperative complications in the both groups. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of ectopic pregnancy, laparoscopic surgery is as effective and safe as the treatment with laparotomy and has the advantage of decrease in hospital stay and cost and of rapid return to normal activity and of cosmetic effect.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Gynecology , Intraoperative Complications , Laparoscopy , Laparotomy , Length of Stay , Obstetrics , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Retrospective Studies , Salpingectomy , Seoul , Surgical Procedures, OperativeABSTRACT
To our knowledge, implantation into the uterine muscle wall is one of the rare form of ectopic pregnancy, with only 16 cases reported until 1995. The early diagnosis depends upon the sonographic finding of intramural gestational sac-like growth and persistent high beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) levels after dilatation and curettage. But, nobody can't exclude intramural pregnancy in case that associated with adenomyosis in uterus in spite of negative beta-hCG. Hsieh et al. and Dousias et al. mentioned 2 cases of such situation with negative beta-hCG result. And confirmative diagnosis depends upon the pathologic finding for specimen obtained from laparoscopic or explorative hysterotomy. The authors have experienced one case of intramural pregnancy in uterus and report our case with a brief review of literature.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Adenomyosis , Chorionic Gonadotropin , Diagnosis , Dilatation and Curettage , Early Diagnosis , Hysterotomy , Myometrium , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Ultrasonography , UterusABSTRACT
To our knowledge, only one case of vaginal cavernous hemangioma in pregnancy has been reported all over the world and there is no report in Korea. The authors have experienced one case of vaginal cavernous hemangioma in pregnancy and report our case with a brief review of literature.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Hemangioma, Cavernous , Korea , VaginaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The relationship was studied between expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and topoisomerase II-alpha as proliferating marker in precancerous lesions and invasive squamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix. METHODS: Total 81 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of low-grade intrasquamous lesion (22 cases), high-grade intraepithelial lesions (42 cases) and invasive squamous cell carcinomas (17 cases) in the uterine cervix were stained by immunohistochemistry for expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and topoisomerase II-alpha. RESULTS: The expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and staining index (mean+/-S.D) of topoisomerase II-alpha were statistically significant between precancerous lesions and invasive carcinoma. The expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein has correlation with staining index (mean+/-S.D) of topoisomerase II-alpha. CONCLUSION: There results suggest that the expression of c-erbB-2 protein has relationship with progression of squamous lesions and topoisomerase II-alpha is an useful proliferating marker in the uterine cervix. And, the expression of c-erbB-2 protein has correlation with expression of topoisomerase II-alpha.
Subject(s)
Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cervix Uteri , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I , DNA , Immunohistochemistry , Receptor, ErbB-2ABSTRACT
Endometriosis is a benign disease, characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic localization. This disease is common in women of reproductive age, accounting for approximately 10- 15%. But, endometriosis of the pancreas is an extremely rare condition. To our knowledge, only three cases of cystic endometriosis of the pancreas have been reported all over the world and have never been reported in Korea. The authors have experienced one case of endometrial cyst of the pancreas and report our case with a brief review of literature.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Endometriosis , Korea , PancreasABSTRACT
Uterine myomas are the most common benign tumor of the female genital organ. Uterine artery embolization is well reported of primary treatment of uterine myoma. A 29 year-old nulliparous woman was diagnosed as uterine myoma by ultrasonogram. We embolize both uterine artery after treatment with GnRH analog and then we experience a case of improvement of menorrhagia, with reduction in uterine myoma size. So we report that case with a brief review.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Genitalia , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Leiomyoma , Menorrhagia , Ultrasonography , Uterine Artery Embolization , Uterine ArteryABSTRACT
Uterine myomas are the most common benign tumor of the female genital organ. Uterine artery embolization is well reported of primary treatment of uterine myoma. A 29 year-old nulliparous woman was diagnosed as uterine myoma by ultrasonogram. We embolize both uterine artery after treatment with GnRH analog and then we experience a case of improvement of menorrhagia, with reduction in uterine myoma size. So we report that case with a brief review.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Genitalia , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Leiomyoma , Menorrhagia , Ultrasonography , Uterine Artery Embolization , Uterine ArteryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose of study was to investigate whether in vivo levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in plasma and peritoneal fluid (PF) differ in women with and without endometriosis.Design : Prospective and case-control study. METHODS: Fifty-seven women with laparotomy or laparoscopic findings of minimal to severe endometriosis, and forty-two women with no visual evidence of pelvic endometriosis and with benign gynecologic disease. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in plasma and PF were determined using commercial ELISA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were compared among women with and without endometriosis, and then also were compared according to the revised American Fertility Society classification. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were not significantly increased in the plasma and PF of women with endometriosis than in matched normal controls. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in endometriosis stage III and IV were sightly increased, which were not increased statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma and PF tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were not different between women with and without endometriosis. Our RESULTS: do not rule out the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha may be involved in the pathogenesis of some features of endometriosis.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Ascitic Fluid , Case-Control Studies , Classification , Endometriosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fertility , Genital Diseases, Female , Laparotomy , Plasma , Prospective Studies , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
The leiomyoma of the vagina is relatively rare benign tumor, but most common mesencymal tumors in adult woman. There does not seem to be a correlation between the existence of vaginal leiomyoma and uterine or other leiomyomas. But, recently we experienced a case of vaginal leiomyoma arising in the lateral vaginal wall and concomitant uterine leiomyoma. Now we present it with a brief review of the case and its literatures.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Leiomyoma , Uterus , VaginaABSTRACT
Ovarian myoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor, accounting for only 1% of benign ovarian neoplasm. These tumors only originate from smooth muscle on the walls of blood vessels in the cortical stroma, in the corpus luteum and in the ovarian ligaments at the point of attachment to the ovary. Most patients are asymptomatic and the tumors are usually found incidently during operations or at autopsies. Two cases of ovarian myoma experienced in our hospital recently are reported with a brief review of the literatures."
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Autopsy , Blood Vessels , Corpus Luteum , Leiomyoma , Ligaments , Muscle, Smooth , Myoma , Ovarian Neoplasms , OvaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: MDM-2 is an oncoprotein that inhibits p53 tumor suppressor protein. Amplication and over- expression of its protein have been observed in human malignancies, and these abnormalities have a role in tumorigenesis through inactivation of p53 function. To elucidate the role of p53 and MDM-2 protein in cervical neoplasia we investigated the expression rates of MDM-2 and p53 protein in surgically resected specimens. METHEDS: Immunohistochemical studies using anti-p53 and anti-MDM-2 protein in the paraffin embedded section of 62 cases including cervical intraepithelial neoplasm(CIN) and invasive cervical cancer were performed. RESULTS: Expression rates of p53 protein were 25% in CIN I& CINII, 20% in CINIII, and 44% in invasive carcinoma, respectively. The MDM-2 protein were 33% in CIN I & CIN II, 16% in CIN III, and 48% in invasive carcinoma, respectively. There was no evident correlation between p53 positivity and MDM-2 positivity(p>0.05). However, correlation between MDM-2 negativity and p53 negativity was statistically significant(p=0.002) CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the expression of p53 protein is presumed to be necessarily correlated with MDM-2 protein expression in cervical neoplasia.