Evaluation on quality of internet-based reporting of COVID-19 in Ningxia, 2020-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To find out the existing problems and provide reference for further improving the quality of report information by analyzing the report cards of COVID-19 and the positive report cards of primary screening reported in Ningxia. Methods　All COVID-19 case cards from 2020 to 2021 and initial screening positive cards were derived from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention according to final review date. The timeliness of case reporting, timeliness of case review, completeness and accuracy of the case cards were analyzed. Results　In Ningxia, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on January 20, 2020, and as of December 31, 2021, 122 confirmed cases and 4 symptomatic infected cases were reported. In 2021, the timely reporting rate of COVID-19 was 98.00%, which increased by 8.24% compared with 2020 (90.54%). Compared with 2020, the average time limit for diagnosis to reporting of COVID-19 in 2021 was shortened by 83.12%; in 2021, the timely review rate of COVID-19 was 100.00%, which increased by 13.84% compared with 2020 (87.84%). Compared with 2020, the time from reporting to final review was shortened by 98.91%. In 2021, the timely rate of positive reports in COVID-19 in Ningxia was 90.00%, among which the timely rate of reports by county (district) nucleic acid detection institutions was the highest (92.31%), followed by municipal (91.67%) and autonomous region (81.82%). Conclusions　At the beginning of the epidemic in 2020, the timeliness of COVID-19 in Ningxia was poor, and through the implementation of measures such as technical training, supervision and inspection to continuously optimize the staffing of medical institutions and disease control institutions, the timeliness of reporting COVID-19 in Ningxia in 2021 was substantially improved, but there were still some weak links. In the future work, technical guidance and training should be carried out for weak links, and efforts should be made to improve the quality of reports.

Review of Eerdun-Wurile clinical research / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Objective@#To summarize the clinical application of Zhenbao pills (Eerdun-Wurile) in recent years, so as to clarify its clinical efficiency and provide an effective basis for future research.@*Methods@#The clinical application of Zhenbao pills (Eerdun-Wurile) was classified and summarized by consulting the relevant literature.@*Results@#Mongolian medicine Eerdun-Wurile consists of many active ingredients such as <i>Sandalwood Padauk</i>, pearl, <i>Myristica fragrans, Calculus bovis</i>, Bufallo horn concentrated powder, <i>Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Euphorbia humifusa, Catsia tora Linn, Chingma Abutilon Seed</i>, Resina Liquidambaris, <i>Carthamus tinctorius L, Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb, Cardamoj amomum, Semen Nigellae, Cuminum cyminum L, Piper longum Linn, Lygodium japonicum</i>, crab, medicine terminalia fruit, <i>MeLia toosendan Sieb.etZucc</i>, musk, white sandalwood, <i>Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Aucklandia lappa Decne, Inula helenium L, Amomum tsao-ko Crevostet Lemaire etc</i>. Mongolian medicine Eerdun-Wurile used for treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral infarction, cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke, rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, rheumatism, kind rheumatism, cervical spondylosis, arthritis, insomnia, high blood pressure, epilepsy, skin diseases, diabetes, eye diseases.@*Conclusion@#Mongolian Medicine Eerdun-Wurile has remarkable curative effect on cardiovascu- lar and cerebrovascular diseases, brain infarction, cerebral infarction, ischemic stroke, diabetic diseases, rheumatism, bone diseases and so on. In this paper, the curative effect of this drug was summarized to provide reference for its clinical application.

Toxicity study of three roots granule medicine / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Purpose@#To study the effect of Three roots granule medicine with compound medicines ingredient of Asparagus cohinchinensis, Polygonatum odoratum and Polygonatum sibiricum on acute toxicity test and genotoxicity tests. @*Methods@#In toxicity study of Three roots granule medicine, by acute toxicity test were observed general status of animals, body weight changes, signs of poisoning and death for 14 day and determined the maximum tolerated dose, by Ames test, mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test and mouse sperm deformity test were determined genotoxicity effect. The data were analyzed through SPSS 19.0.@*Results and Conclusions@#In the result of toxicity study, three roots granule medicine was MTD>15g/kg, no acute toxic activity, did not induce mutagenic effect in Ames test and was negative in mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test and mouse sperm deformity test. Three roots granule medicine has no acute toxicity effect, no genotoxicity effect and safety. We as regard as in future can continuously study to the other pharmacology study of three roots granule medicine.

Research summary of Mongolian medicine Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background@#Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards (Hadan hailmal) is defecation of Olbo mouse with red and yellow foot in Olbo mouse family. Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards has bitter and little sweety flavor and cool and sharp quality and it has effects such as to remove hot, to stop pain and to to make urinate etc.@*Purpose@#To summarize chemical compounds, pharmacological effects, clinical usage and ancient source notes of Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards. @*Method@#Вy analys method to analyzed research articlest and ancient source of Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards in China Biological Medical Digest Data-base, Chinese Journals Full Text Data-base and ancient sources of Mongolian traditional medicine.@*Results and Conclusions@#Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards is produced juice from gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and tin on cliff during 4 to 6 months and otherwise Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards is called defecation of olbo mouse. It has many activity chemical compounds, such as nitrogen compound, volatile compound, Triterpenoid, fatty acid, flavone, and microelement and has many pharmacological effects such as anti gastric ulcer, anti inflammation, anti oxidant, anti cerebral ischemic injury, anti cytotoxicity and to improve immunology. In Mongolian traditional medicine, Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards mainly used to treat hot disease of stomach, liver and kidney, synovial disease, gout and rheumatism etc with single medicine and compound recipe ingredients of Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards. In Chinese medicine used to treat disease of digestive system and to stop pain etc.

Comparatively study of the effect of immune system on three roots talh and granule / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Abstract@#To comparatively study the effect of three roots talh(pulvis compositus) medicine and three roots granule medicine in the immune system.@*Materials and Methods@#A total number of 32 healthy Wistar male rats weighing 180-220 grams were taken and equally divided into four groups: healthy group; small dose (0.85g/kg) of three roots talh medicine group(TRSD); high dose (1.7g/kg) of three roots talh medicine group(TRHD) and three roots granule medicine group at dose 1.3g / kg(TRGM). Medicine was given once every day for 42 days. At the end of the study, spleen index and thymus index were calculated and IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, NO levels in blood plasma and spleen using ELISA(Magellan 7.2) was determined and compared with healthy group.@*Result@#There was no statistically significant increase in spleen index and thymus index between the healthy group and medicine groups(p>0.05). In blood plasma, there was no statistically significant difference in IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and NO between healthy and medicine groups (P> 0.05). </br> In spleen, there was significant increased in IL-2 in the high dose three roots talh medicine group in compare with healthy group (p<0.05). Similarly, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly increased in three roots granule medicine group in comapre with healthy group (P<0.05; P<0.05; P>0.001 respectively). There was no significant difference in iNOS and NO between healthy and medicine groups (p>0.05). @*Conclusions@#Three roots talh medicine and three roots granule medicine has active of immune system and three roots granule medicine has more activates the immune system compared to the three roots talh medicine.

Study on the Mechanism of Health Protection of Mongolian Medicine Polyginatum Odoratum / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Objective: To explore the effects of Polygonatum odoratum on body based on metabonomics. Methods: The ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and principle component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the changes of endogenous substances in rats after intragastric administration of Polygonatum odoratum. Results: Significant differences between the control group and administration group were observed in PCA and OPLS-DA model. Five potential biomarkers between control group and administration group were identified. The relative content of Alpha-Tocotrienol, PC(14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)), Stearic acid, Theasapogenol A, Docosahexaenoic acid increased. Conclusion: The biomarkers had many beneficial activities, so the Mongolian medicine Polygonatum odoratum had the function of health care. Key words: Mongolian drug; Polygonatum odoratum; Biomarkers; UPLC-MS

Effects of patient-controlled infraclavicular brachial plexus block for postoperative pain and surgical efficacy in patients with terrible tyriad of the elbow / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of ultrasound guided inter-scalene brachial plexus block and patient-controlled infraclavicular brachial plexus block for postoperative pain and surgical efficacy in patients with terrible tyriad of the elbow.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2015 to August 2016, 60 patients with terrible tyriad of the elbows were treated in Ningbo No.6 Hospital with ASA I to II internal fixation. There were 32 males and 28 females, ranging in age from 16 to 70 years old, with a mean age of (55.6±18.2) years old. All the patients were divided into two groups(30 cases in each group): controlled intermuscular groove brachial plexus block (group C), infraclavicular brachial plexus block(group I). All catheters were placed using ultra-sound visualization and injected 0.33% ropivacaine 30 ml preoperatively. After regaining consciousness, all patients connected the electronic pump. The solution contained 0.2% ropiva-caine and the pump was setup to deliver a 5 ml bolus dose, with a 15 min lock out interval and background infusion at 5 ml/h. Both analgesia lasted until 5 d after operation. The patients underwent rehabilitation exercise everyday for 5 consecutive days starting from 24 h after operation.VAS score was recorded at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 4 d, 5 d after operation during rest and rehabilitation exercise time. The elbow articular range of motion and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were recorded at 6 d after operation. Catheter-related adversereactions (such as oozing from the insertion site, obstruction, prolapse) were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The success rate of blockade was 100% during insertion in both groups. Compared with group C, the VAS score at 3 d during rest time and 3, 4, 5 d after operation during rehabili-tation exercise were decreased(2.5±0.5 vs. 3.8±1.1, 3.0±0.4 vs. 5.0±0.9, 2.5±0.4 vs. 4.5±1.2, 2.1±0.3 vs. 4.1±1.0,<0.05). The elbow articular range of motion and MEPS were increased(-2.19±18.01)° vs.(-8.19±12.16)°, (45.15±11.20)° vs. (22.15±7.02)°, (19.06±6.75)° vs. (9.10±2.48)°, (17.08±5.18)° vs. (10.12±3.15)°, (80.80±9.50) points vs. (64.90±11.21) points. The incidence of insertion site, obstruction, prolapse was 15, 5 and 10 cases respectively in group C, but without any catheter-related adverse reactions happened in group I (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patient-controlled infraclavieular brachial plexus block can be effectively used for postoperative pain after fixation for terrible tyriad of the elbows, and it can increase surgical outcome.</p>

Lychee seed saponins improve cognitive function and ameliorate hippocampal neuronal injury in Alzheimer disease rat model induced by Aβ25-35 through AKT/GSK3β pathway / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Lychee seed, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, recently were reported to improve the learning and memory abilities in mice. However, it is still unclear whether lychee seed saponins (LSS) can improve the cognitive function and associated mechanisms. METHODS In present studies, we established the Alzheimer disease (AD) model by injecting Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricle of rats. Then the spatial learning and memory abilities of LSS- treated rats were evaluated with the Morris water maze, meanwhile the protein expressions of AKT, GSK3β and Tau in the hippo?campal neuron were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed LSS can improve the cognitive functions of AD rats through shortening the escape latency, increasing the number across the platform, platform quadrant dwell time and the percentage of the total distance run platform quadrant. The protein expression of AKT was significantly up-regulated and that of GSK3β and Tau were decreased remarkably in the hippocampal CA1 area. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show that LSS significantly improve the cognitive function and prevent hippocampal neuronal injury of the rats with AD by activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, suggesting LSS may be developed into the nutrient supplement for the treatment of AD.

Efficacy of Ciclopirox Olamine Vaginal Suppositories Combined with Fluconazole in the Treatment of Vul-vovaginal Candidiasis / 中国药师

Objective:To explore the efficacy of ciclopirox olamine vaginal suppositories combined with fluconazole in the treat-ment of vulvovaginal candidasis. Methods:Totally 74 cases of vulvovaginal candidasis( VVC)infection were randomly divided into two groups with 37 ones in each. The control group orally received fluconazole combined with terbinafine hydrochloride vaginal effervescent tablets,and the observation group orally received fluconazole combined with ciclopirox olamine vaginal suppositories. The recent(7 days)and long-term(1 and 3 months)clinical curative effects and the drug safety in the two groups were observed and compared. Re-sults:after the 7-day treatment,the total clinical effective rate of the two groups showed no significant difference(P>0. 05);after the 1-month follow-up,the recurrence rate of the two groups had no significant difference(P>0. 05);after the 3-month follow-up,the re-currence rate of the observation group(2. 7%)was significantly lower than that of the control group(22. 2%,P<0. 05). The two groups showed no serious adverse drug reactions. Conclusion:Fluconazole combined with ciclopirox olamine vaginal suppositories in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidasis exhibits promising curative effect and low recurrence rate without serious adverse reactions.

Reproductive biology characteristic of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

Jatropha curcas belongs to family of Euphorbiaceae, and is an important biological tree species for diesel production. The current descriptions of the phenotypic traits for male and female flowers are not comprehensive and there have been no reports about the process of J. curcas from pollen germination on stigma to pollen tubes conducting fertilization after entering the ovary and ovule. To assess this, experiments were undertaken to study the reproductive biology characteristic of J. curcas in Guiyang Guizhou Province, China. Floral structure and pollen germination process were described in detail and the breeding system was determined. The results showed that flower of J. curcas was both unisexual and monoecious, with a flowering phase between April-November. Both female and male flowers have five petals in contorted arrangement and five calyxes in imbricated arrangement. Female flower originated from bisexual flower finally formed unisexual flowers as the stamen ceased growth in different period. The pistil had 3-5 styles, connected at base and separated into 3-5 stigmas on the top. Each stigma had 2-4 lobes. The styles were hollow. The pollen germinated on the surface of the stigma, is then transported via the vascular tissues, which was arranged in bundles, and finally channeled through the micropyle to enter the blastula. The pollen tube was shaped in a long uneven cylinder. The top end of it became swollen and formed a small round hole for the purpose of releasing sperm nuclei while the pollen tube itself was growing and extending. Estimation of out-crossing index and artificial pollination experiments indicated that J. curcas was capable of both self-pollination and cross-pollination. The germination speed of the pollen on the stigma did not differ so much between the one by self-pollination and the one by cross-pollination, and the pollen from the two different sources could both reach the ovary within one day. Both artificial ...

Jatropha curcas pertenece a la familia Euphorbiaceae, y es una importante especie arbórea para la producción de diesel. Las descripciones actuales de los rasgos fenotípicos de flores masculinas y femeninas no son exhaustivas y no hay informes sobre la germinación del polen en el estigma, que viaja a través de los tubos polínicos hasta el ovario y se de la fertilización de los óvulos de J. curcas. Para evaluar esto, se llevaron a cabo experimentos para estudiar la biología reproductiva de J. curcas en la provincia de Guizhou, Guiyang, China. La estructura floral y el proceso de germinación de polen se describen en detalle y se determinó el sistema reproductivo. Los resultados mostraron que las flores de J. curcas eran a la vez unisexuales y monoicas, la floración se dio entre abril y noviembre. Las flores femeninas y masculinas tienen cinco pétalos en disposición retorcida y cinco cálices en disposición imbricada. La flor femenina originada de flores bisexuales finalmente formo flores unisexuales, cuando el estambre ceso el crecimiento en un período diferente. El pistilo tuvo 3-5 estilos, unidos en la base y separados en 3-5 estigmas en la parte superior. Cada estigma tenía de 2-4 lóbulos. Los estilos eran huecos. El polen germinado en la superficie del estigma, se transporta a través de los tejidos vasculares, que se disponen en haces, y finalmente son canalizados a través del micrópilo para entrar a la blástula. El tubo polínico tenía forma de cilindro irregular largo. El extremo superior del mismo se hincho y formó un pequeño agujero redondo con el fin de liberar los núcleos de esperma mientras que el tubo de polen crecía y se extendía. Estimaciones del índice de cruzamiento y experimentos de polinización artificial indicaron que J. curcas era capaz tanto de auto-polinización como de polinización cruzada. La velocidad de germinación del polen en el estigma no difiere mucho entre una planta con autopolinización y otra con polinización ...

Isolation and analysis of differentially expressed genes from peanut in response to challenge with Ralstonia solanacearum

Background: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most devastating disease in peanut. Planting resistant peanut cultivars is deemed as the sole economically viable means for effective control of the disease. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying resistance and facilitate breeding process, differences in gene expression between seeds of Rihua 1 (a Virginia type peanut variety resistant to bacterial wilt) inoculated with the bacterial pathogen suspension (10(9) cfu ml-1) and seeds of the same cultivar treated with water (control), were studied using the GenefishingTM technology. Results: A total of 25 differentially expressed genes were isolated. Expression of genes encoding cyclophilin and ADP-ribosylation factor, respectively, were further studied by real time RT-PCR, and full length cDNAs of both genes were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Conclusions: The study provided candidate genes potentially useful for breeding peanut cultivars with both high yield and bacterial wilt resistance, although confirmation of their functions through transgenic studies is still needed.

Identification of chilling-responsive transcripts in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. )

To isolate differentially expressed peanut genes responsive to chilling, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed for a chilling tolerant peanut cultivar A4 with mRNAs extracted from the seeds imbibed at 2ºC and 15ºC, respectively, for 24 hrs. A total of 466 cDNA clones were sequenced, from which 193 unique transcripts (73 contigs and 120 singlets) were assembled. Of these unique transcripts, 132 (68.4 percent) were significantly similar to the sequences in GenBank non-redundant (nr) protein database, which belonged to diverse functional categories including metabolism, signal transduction, stress response, cell defense and transcriptional regulation. The remaining 61 (31.6 percent) showed no similarity to either hypothetical or known proteins. Six differentially expressed transcripts were further confirmed with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

Sodium azide mutagenesis resulted in a peanut plant with elevated oleate content

Screening of peanut seeds resulting from 0.39 percent sodium azide treatment with NIRS calibration equation for bulk seed samples identified a plant with more than 60 percent oleate. Oleate content in individual seeds of the plant, as predicted by NIRS calibration equation for intact single peanut seeds, ranged from 50.05 percent ~ 68.69 percent. Three seeds with >60 percent oleate thus identified were further confirmed by gas chromatography. Multiple sequence alignments of the FAD2B gene from Huayu 22 (wild type) and peanut seeds with elevated oleate (mutant type) revealed a C281T transition in the coding region causing an I94T substitution in the oleoyl-PC desaturase, which may be responsible for reduction in the enzyme activity.

Novel protocol to identify true hybrids in normal oleate x high oleate crosses in peanut

A novel hybrid identification protocol was developed for F0:1 peanut seeds resulting from crosses between normal oleate cultivars with wild type FAD2B gene and high oleate genotypes with an A insertion in FAD2B gene. Presence of a series of overlapped peaks in trace file of the PCR product amplified with bF19/R1 primers was an indication of hybridity. This protocol may facilitate high oleate breeding and genetic studies in peanut.

Simple method to prepare DNA templates from a slice of peanut cotyledonary tissue for polymerase chain reaction

An efficient DNA extraction method was developed for peanut seed, where only 3-5 mg cotyledonary tissue was enough for more than 50 PCR reactions with a reaction volume of 15 ul. Both low copy number and high copy number DNA sequences were successfully amplified. Processing one seed sample only took about half an hour. Sampling had no significant effects on germination and development. The DNA extraction method makes it possible to identify transformants and conduct molecular marker studies prior to sowing, and thus may greatly hasten research progress.

A rapid and cheap protocol for preparation of PCR templates in peanut

This paper describes a simple, low cost and reliable DNA template preparation protocol for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using immature leaves from peanut seeds or leaves from field-grown plants. The technique may find wide utility in studies involving PCR-based molecular markers, rapid screening for transformants and gene cloning.

Effects of L1-ORF2 fragments on green fluorescent protein gene expression

The retrotransposon known as long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1) is 6 kb long, although most L1s in mammalian and other eukaryotic cells are truncated. L1 contains two open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, that code for an RNA-binding protein and a protein with endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities, respectively. In this work, we examined the effects of full length L1-ORF2 and ORF2 fragments on green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) expression when inserted into the pEGFP-C1 vector downstream of GFP. All of the ORF2 fragments in sense orientation inhibited GFP expression more than when in antisense orientation, which suggests that small ORF2 fragments contribute to the distinct inhibitory effects of this ORF on gene expression. These results provide the first evidence that different 280-bp fragments have distinct effects on the termination of gene transcription, and that when inserted in the antisense direction, fragment 280-9 (the 3' end fragment of ORF2) induces premature termination of transcription that is consistent with the effect of ORF2.