Hemodynamic study of patients with early allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of postoperative hemodynamic changes in patients with early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and to provide clinical imaging support for the early diagnosis of EAD.Methods:A total of 907 patients who underwent liver transplantation in Tianjin First Central Hospital from December 2012 to June 2021 were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into EAD group (361 cases) and non-EAD group (546 cases) according to EAD diagnostic criteria. The peak systolic velocity(PSV) of the hepatic artery, end-diastolic velocity(EDV) of the hepatic artery, resistance index(RI), S/D(PSV/EDV), diameter of the portal vein(PVD), velocity of the portal vein(PVV), diameter of the middle hepatic vein(MHVD), velocity of the middle hepatic vein(MHVV), the diameter of the right hepatic vein(RHVD), and the velocity of the right hepatic vein (RHVV) were collected from 1 to 7 days after operation (a total of 5 573 ultrasound examination results), and the differences in ultrasound hemodynamic parameters were compared between the two groups. The correlation of S/D<2, PSV<25 cm/s, PVV<15 cm/s, MHVV or RHVV<15 cm/s within 3 days after operation with the occurence of EAO were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:①The PSV and EDV of the hepatic artery in the EAD group and the non-EAD group showed a slow upward trend at 1-7 days after operation, while the hepatic artery RI and PVV showed a downward trend, the MHVV and RHVV did not fluctuate significantly. ②The hepatic artery in the EAD group showed low-resistance blood flow in the early postoperative period, and the EDV were significantly higher than that in the non-EAD group on 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 5 d, RI was significantly lower than that of the non-EAD group (all P<0.05); At 4 d, 6 d and 7 d, there was no significant differences of EDV and RI between the two groups(all P>0.05). The PSV of the EAD group was higher than that of the non-EAD group on 3 d ( P<0.05). Among the parameters of portal vein blood flow, the PVV in the EAD group was significantly higher than that in the non-EAD group on 1 d ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference of PVD between the two groups at day 1-7. Among the parameters of hepatic venous blood flow, the MHVV and RHVV in the EAD group were significantly lower than those in the non-EAD group (all P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups of MHVD and RHVD at 1-7 days. ③The incidence of grafted hepatic artery S/D<2 within 3 days after operation in EAD group was higher than that in non-EAD group. Binary Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the occurrence of grafted hepatic artery S/D<2 within 3 days after operation was significantly correlated with the occurrence of EAD[Exp(B)=1.878, P<0.05]. Conclusions:Patients who develop EAD after liver transplantation show low-resistance blood flow in the hepatic artery during the perioperative period, and the occurrence of hepatic artery S/D<2 within 3 days after operation can early predict the occurrence of EAD.

Pediatric liver transplant portal vein anastomotic stenosis: a comparative study between Doppler ultrasound and intravascular manometry / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between Doppler ultrasound parameters and pressure gradient of portal vein in pediatric liver transplant patients, and to analyze the diagnostic value of Doppler ultrasound for portal vein stenosis.Methods:This retrospective study involved the data from 92 pediatric liver transplant patients in Tianjin First Central Hospital from June 2014 to September 2021, who underwent pressure gradient measurement. The collected ultrasonic parameters included the diameter and flow velocity of the native portal vein, the portal vein anastomosis, and the donor portal vein. The anastomotic stenosis rate=(the native portal vein diameter–the portal vein anastomosis diameter)/the native portal vein diameter, the velocity ratio=the portal vein anastomosis velocity /the native portal vein velocity, the velocity difference=the portal vein anastomosis velocity–the native portal vein velocity. According to the diagnostic standard of portal vein stenosis, pressure gradient more than 5 mmHg was the portal vein stenosis group, and the pressure gradient less than 5 mmHg was the non-stenosis group. The correlation and differences between ultrasonic parameters and pressure gradient were analyzed. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of each parameter.Results:Firstly, there was a positive correlation between pressure gradient and the portal vein anastomosis velocity, the velocity difference and the velocity ratio ( r=0.521, 0.531, 0.417; all P<0.001). And there was a negative correlation between pressure gradient and the anastomotic diameter ( r=-0.284, P=0.004). Secondly, the portal vein anastomotic velocity, velocity difference and velocity ratio in stenosis group were significantly higher than those in non-stenosis group [135.5(111.0, 169.0)cm/s vs 103.7(72.9, 118.7)cm/s, (112.2±40.3)cm/s vs (67.9±30.5)cm/s, 5.56(3.73, 7.26) vs 3.85(2.78, 4.70); all P≤0.001]; Furthermore, by ROC curve analysis, the cut-off value, the area under the ROC curve, Jordan index, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of each parameter for the diagnosis of portal vein stenosis were: the anastomotic velocity 124.5 cm/s, 0.814, 0.592, 80.0%, 65.5% and 93.7%; velocity ratio 5.67, 0.760, 0.488, 73.0%, 48.8% and 100%; velocity difference 107.25 cm/s, 0.797, 0.511, 76.0%, 51.9% and 100%. Conclusions:The anastomosis velocity, velocity difference and velocity ratio of portal vein in pediatric liver transplant patients are correlated with the pressure gradient, and there is higher accuracy and specificity of each parameter for diagnosing portal vein stenosis, but the sensitivity is slightly lower.

Effects of effective fraction of Epimedium,Astragalus,Radix Puerariae on behavioral and pathological changes in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effects of effective fraction of Epimedium,Astragalus,Radix Puerariae on behavioral and pathological changes in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods Six-month-old APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 transgenic mice were ran-domly divided into 2 groups:model group and effective fraction group,1 0 mice each group.The mice in the effective fraction group were treated with the effective fraction of Astragalus,Radix Puerariae,Epimedium compound for 8 weeks.The C57BL/6J mice were used as negative control group.After 8 weeks,the learning and memory function were measured by Morris water maze,the pathological changes in brain tissue were ob-served by Modified Bielschowsky staining and Nissl 's staining.Results During place navigation trial,the escape latency in the APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic model mice was longer than those of the mice of C57 (P 0.05 ). The Modified Bielschowsky staining shows that the neuron fibers of the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice were enlarged,swelling,and dense.There were senile plaques and nerve fiber tangles in the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice.The neuron fibers of mice in the effective fraction group were relieved;there was a small amount of senile plaque.The Nissl’s staining shows that the neurons of the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 mice were edema, the number of cells were decreased.The mice in the effective fraction group were free of the disease.Con-clusion The double transgenic APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 mice of AD can simulate the specific pathogenesis of AD, which may be the efficient experimental animal model. The effective fraction of epimedium,astragalus and ra-dix puerariae may have a neuroprotective effect against AD via improving the learning and memory ability,and reduce the cerebral cortex nerve fiber tangles,senile plaques and neurons edema changes.

β-amyloid protein up-regulates the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products by increasing ROS production / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in regulating the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Aβ1-40 was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of rats, and 3 weeks later, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of RAGE, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (gp9l(phox) and p47(phox)), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inhibitor of κB (IκB) were measured by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Injection of Aβ1-40 caused a significant increase in the expressions of RAGE, gp9l(phox), p47(phox), phospho-p47(phox), phospho-IκBα, NF-κB and phospho-NF-κB in rat hippocampus but decreased the level of IκBα. Aβ1-40 injection also resulted in a significantly increased content of ROS in the hippocampus of the rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aβ up-regulates the expression of RAGE in rat hippocampus via NADPH/ ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway.</p>

Study on effect and mechanism of salidroside on cognitive ability of Abeta1-40 -induced Alzheimer's disease model rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and possible impact mechanism of salidroside on cognitive ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats induced by amyloid beta peptide (Abeta1-40).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Abeta1-40 was injected into bilateral hippocampus to create the AD model. Afterwards, different doses of salidroside (25, 50, 75 mg x kg(-1)) were orally administered for 21 days. Rats' learning and memory abilities were detected by Morris water maze testing system. The levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein in hippocampus were also detected by different methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The place navigation test showed longer escape latency, low frequency of platform quadrant crossing per unit time, damage in learning capacity, significant decrease in SOD acivity in hippocampus, notable increase in MDA content, NF-kappaB, iNOS and RAGE protein expressions in rats. Salidroside (50, 75 mg x kg(-1)) significantly alleviated the impairments of learning and memory ability. The activity of SOD increased in salidroside (50 droside group compared with that of the Alzheimer's disease group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Salidroside may treat Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the oxidative stress.</p>

High brain iron in etiology of Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic approaches / 中国药理学通报

Excessive iron accumulation in the brain occurs in Alzheimer' s disease (AD) with oxidative stress,amyloid deposition,tau phosphorylation,and neuronal cell cycle regulatory failure,leading to apoptosis.Therefore,there is a direct link between iron metabolism and AD pathogenesis. The present review elaborates on high brain iron in etiology of AD and the development of iron-chelating therapy for AD,aiming at preventing or slowing down disease evolution.

The RAGE-A? interaction and its effects on pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease / 中国药理学通报

Receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.In central nervous system,RAGE is mainly expressed by neurons,microglia,and cerebral endothelial cells.In Alzheimers disease(AD) brain,levels of RAGE are significantly increased from the positive feedback mechanisms driven by excess amounts of ?-amyloid protein(A?).The interaction of RAGE with A? in neurons,microglia,and cerebral endothelial cells induces the perturbation of neuronal functions,amplification of microglia inflammatory responses,and vascular dysfunction.Further understanding the molecular mechanisms associating RAGE-A? interaction provides us the opportunity to develop the therapeutic approaches for the devastating disease.