The blood lead level and its relationship with behavior in school-age children from rural areas of Chongqing / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the blood lead level and its relationship with behavior in school-age children from rural areas of Chongqing.@*Methods@#A total of 697 students from grades 3 to 6 in the fall semester of 2014 from 14 rural townships in one district of Chongqing was selected by using the random cluster sampling method. Blood were sampled to analyze the lead level. Neurobehavioral tests were performed to determine their personal cognitive and memory ability. Questionnaires and physical examinations were administered to obtain the information of confounding factors. All students were divided into Q1-Q4 groups according to the quartile of their blood lead level. The relationship between the blood lead level and behavior was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model and restricted spline regression model.@*Results@#The mean age of 697 students was (10.07±1.36) years old, and the median (interquartile range) of their blood lead level was 44.31 (35.42) μg/L. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and maternal culture level, compared with Q1 group, the OR (95%CI) values of high digit symbol substitution test (DSST) scores and high overall memory quotient (MQ) scores in Q3 group were 1.65 (1.01-2.70) and 2.10 (1.21-3.62), and the OR (95%CI) value of high long term memory (LTM) scores in Q4 group was 0.53 (0.31-0.92). The results of the restricted spline regression model showed that the dose-response curves between the blood lead level and MQ/LTM test scores were both parabolic (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The blood lead level of school-age children from rural areas of Chongqing is the same as that from other areas of China, but slightly higher than that from other areas of Chongqing. Children with higher blood lead level have poor long-term memory ability.

The association between aflatoxin exposure and primary hepatocellular carcinoma risks: a case-control study in Chongqing / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between aflatoxin exposure and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) development.@*Methods@#From December 2013 to May 2016, we selected 214 patients newly diagnosed with PHC as cases, and 214 patients as controls from three hospitals in Chongqing. Cases were confirmed with PHC diagnosis standard. And cases caused by clear reasons such as drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver damage, fatty liver and gallstones etiology, were excluded. Controls were included with no cancer and no digestive system disease, and recruited simultaneously with cases. Cases and controls were frequency-matched (1∶1) by same gender and age (±3 years). Peripheral blood and random urine samples were collected and analyzed for serum HBsAg status by biochemistry analyzer, and serum AFB1-ALB adduct and urinary AFB1-N7-GUA adduct by ELISA. Basic information, living habits and history of disease for patients were obtained by questionnaires. We used wilcoxon rank sum test to compare the median of serum AFB1-ALB adduct and urinary AFB1-N7-GUA adduct in cases and controls. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for PHC, and synergism index (S) of aflatoxin with other factors was estimated by the method of Andersson.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in age between PHC cases (50.74±9.67) years and controls (51.15±9.90) years. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio of HBV infection for PHC development was 46.3 (95% CI: 23.3-88.0). There was a significant difference in median concentrations of serum AFB1-ALB adduct (cases vs controls: 146.23 vs 74.42 ng/g albumin, P<0.001), but no difference in median concentrations of urinary AFB1-N7-GUA adduct was observed (cases vs controls: 0.17 vs 0.14 ng/mg creatinine, P<0.210). The odd ratios for PHC risk after adjustment were 1.9 (95%CI: 1.1-3.4) for AFB1-ALB adduct, and 2.1 (95%CI: 1.0-4.2) for AFB1-N7-GUA adduct. Moreover, we observed a positive interaction of aflatoxin exposure with HBV, alcohol drinking, and diabetes. The S was 4.7 (95%CI: 2.8-7.9), 3.5 (95%CI: 1.0-12.0), and 12.4 (95%CI: 1.8-84.2), respectively for serum AFB1-ALB adduct with each of the three factors mentioned, and was 1.9 (95%CI:1.1-3.1), 2.0 (95%CI: 1.1-3.6), and 2.0 (95%CI: 1.1-3.6), respectively for urinary AFB1-N7-GUA adduct with each of the three factors mentioned.@*Conclusion@#HBV was still the main risk factor, and AFB1 exposure was also an independent risk factor for PHC in Chongqing. There was a positive interaction of aflatoxin with HBV, alcohol drinking, and diabetes.

Pay attention to the human health risk of drinking low mineral water / 中华预防医学杂志

The consumption of low mineral drinking water has been increasing around the world with the shortage of water resources and the development of advanced water treatment technologies. Evidences from systematic document reviews, ecological epidemiological observations, and experimental drinking water intervention studies indicate that lack of minerals in drinking water may cause direct or indirect harm to human health, among which, the associations of magnesium in water with cardiovascular disease, as well as calcium in water with osteoporosis, are well proved by sufficient evidence. This article points out that it is urgent to pay more attention to the issues about establishment of health risk evaluation system on susceptible consuming population, establishment of lab evaluation system on water quality and health effect for non-traditional drinking water, and program of safety mineralization for demineralized or desalinated water and so on.

XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphism and glioma risk: a meta-analysis involving 1439 cases and 2564 controls

Previous reports indicated that XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphism might be a possible risk factor for several cancers. Published studies on the association of XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphisms with glioma risk have yielded controversial results. The present study aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. Meta-analyses assessing the association of XRCC1 Arg280His variation with glioma were conducted and subgroup analyses on ethnicity and source of controls were further performed. Eligible studies for the period up to May 2012 were identified. A total of four case-control studies comprising 1439 cases and 2564 controls were selected for analysis. The overall data indicated no significant association of XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphism with glioma risk [His vs Arg: OR=1.05; 95%CI=0.88-1.25; His/His vs Arg/Arg: OR=1.42; 95%CI=0.87-2.29; dominant model: OR=1.00; 95%CI=0.82-1.22; recessive model: OR=1.41; 95%CI=0.88-2.25]. Likewise, in the subgroup analysis regarding ethnicity and source of controls, no associations were observed. The results of the present study failed to suggest an association of XRCC1 Arg 280 Hispolymorphism with glioma risk. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this conclusion

Advances in Luminescent Bacteria Toxicity Test of Pollutants in Aqueous Environment / 环境与健康杂志

With the aggravation of enviromental pollution, a quickly, sensitive, inexpensive monitoring means should be developed to protect water resources. Luminescent bacteria as biosensor have the advantages mentioned above. During past two decades, luminescent bacteria toxicity test was used widely in comprehensive toxicity evaluation, screening, monitoring and specific pollutants detection in water, the recent progress in this field was reviewed in this paper.

Synergistic Effect of Purified Water and Magnesium Deficiency Food on Learning and Memory of Offspring of Rats / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the effect of purified water on the neurobehavioral development of the offspring and the synergistic effect of the magnesium deficiency in food. Methods SD rats were divided into four groups,control food plus control water (control group),control food plus purified water,magnesium deficiency food plus control water,magnesium deficiency plus purified water,from five weeks of age of the F0 generation to five weeks of the F1 generation respectively. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of offspring of rats. Results In the early training days of the place navigation,control group offspring of rats showed a shorter swimming time than the other groups. There were no significant differences among all experimental groups in the later training days of the place navigation,spatial probe test and visible platform trial,however the tendency was still to remain. Conclusion Purified water can damage the learning ability of offspring of rats and the learning ability delay will be more obviously when magnesium is deficient in food.

Possible potential impact of Three-gorges Project on population health in Kaixian County of Chongqing / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In the past, the incidence rates of infectious diseases,natural epidemic diseases and endemic diseases in three gorges areas were always high. Because the flooded areas of Kaixian was enormous, the population of Kaixian was intensive density, the pollution may harm to the population health after the dam has been established.OBJECTIVE: To predict the influence of the Three-gorges dam on population health in Kaixian County of Chongqing and put forward to scientific evidence of preventive measures through analyzing the main health indicators and influence factors in Kaixian.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Public Health College of Chongqing Medical University and Disease Controlled Center in Kaixian County of Chongqing.PARTICIPANTS: The survey was conducted in Kai County of Chongqing,from February to May 2004. All disease surveillance data of people in this county was investigated and other people lived in three-gorges area or around area were selected as the controls.METHODS: Collect and sort relevant indicators of social development,population health and public health system of Kaixian and related area to go deep into the representative townships to do some filed investigation,collect water samples of local drainage areas to carry out laboratory quantitative analysis; carry out comparative analysis based on the relevant materials; carry out comprehensive predicting and evaluation to the potential impact on population health of the three gorges engineering by combining the quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.general people in Kai county, Chongqing city and all over the nations durKai county, Chongqing city and all over the nations during 1999 and 2003;ty, Chongqing city and all over the nations during 1999 and 2001: Mortality rates of infants and under-five children were also higher than that average levels of whole country and Chongqing respectively; Multi-indicators showed that the general population health status of Kaixian was great bad,which stood a distinct gap among average levels of the whole country and Chongqing maintained about 250/100 000 or so, which was higher than the national level (190/10 000), however, the incidence rate of infectious diseases of Kaixian was rising year after year, even that of the recent two years has been reached up to more than 1.5 times higher than that of the whole of the water-based infectious diseases, especially the virus hepatitis, was severe. Another potential impact on population health of three-gorge dam is the emergence of natural epidemic diseases and insect-based infectious diseases. Malignant tumor such as hepatocarcinoma.CONCLUSION: We should strengthen current public health system, and cognition to the possible threat on disease epidemic and public health.With the construction of three-gorge dam, it is necessary to speed up establishment of effective measures to reduce predictable influence on population health.

Combined effect of dibutyl phthalate and benzo(a) pyrene in rat sertoli cells in vitro / 第三军医大学学报

90%.Then the purified sertoli cells were treated with the toxicants at different dose,i.e.DBP(0.1,1,10,100,500 ?g/ml),BaP(0.01,0.1,1,10,50 ?g/ml)and their combination DBP+BaP(0.1+0.01,1+0.1,10+1,100+10,500+50 ?g/ml).The viability of sertoli cells was determined by MTT method and the lactate concentration in the cultured medium was detected.Results As compared with DMSO control,the absorbance values in 100 ?g/ml DBP and DBP+BaP(100+10 ?g/ml)groups were significantly increased(P0.05).Lactate concentration in 100,500 ?g/ml DBP groups,50 ?g/ml BaP group and DBP+BaP(100+10,500+50 ?g/ml)groups were increased(P

Study of the related influencing factors of MCF-7 cells proliferation test in vitro / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To study the related influencing factors of MCF 7 cells proliferation test in vitro to provide some criteria for the standard detection of environmental estrogens (EE) by cell proliferation test of MCF 7 cells in vitro . Methods The sensitivity to E 2 stimulation of different sources of MCF 7 cell lines was detected. Cell proliferation test was performed on the screened sensitive cells in different culture conditions. Results In the estrogen free medium, C cell line of MCF 7 was more sensitive to E 2 stimulation than A and B cell lines ( P

Observation of the estrogenic activity of Octylphenol in vitro / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To observe the estrogenic activity of octylphenol(OP) in vitro and to conduct a preliminary study of its mechanism. Methods The estrogenic activity of OP was detected by cell proliferation test of MCF 7 cells in vitro and the mechanism was preliminarily studied by growth curve analysis, cell cycle analysis, tamoxifen(Tam) antagonistic test and apoptosis detection. Results OP was found to have estrogenic activity to stimulate the proliferation of MCF 7 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the cell proliferation indexes of OP and 17? estradiol(E 2) were higher than those of alcohol. The estrogenic activities of OP and E 2 to stimulate the proliferation of MCR 7 could be antagonized by Tam. Both OP and E 2 could inhibit the cell apoptosis of MCF 7 cells. Conclusion OP possesses estrogenic activity to stimulate the proliferation of MCF 7 cells. The mechanism may be due to binding to the estrogen receptor, which may have effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis.

The Sensitizing Effect of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide onthe Resonance Light-Scattering Enhancement Between the Interactionof Deoxyribonucleic Acids and Brilliant Green / 分析化学

This is the first report of the sensitizing effect of cation surfactant on the enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS) resulted from the interaction of organic dyes with Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). On the conditions of pH 10.4 ～11.8 and ionic strength being less than 0.050, the interaction of brilliant green (BG) with DNA results in enhanced RLS signals at 398.0 and 467.2 nm overloaded some shoulder peaks in the enhanced region. It was found that the interaction was sensitized by the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB). If 2.0～3.2×10-5 mol/L CMAB was used in the interacting medium, DNA in the range of 0～1.2 (mg/L could be detected with the limit of detection being less than 5 μg/L. Four synthetic samples were analyed with reproducibility

Subchronic Toxic Effects of Exposure in Combination to Dibutyl Phthalate and Benzo[a]pyrene on Spermatogenesis in Male Rats / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the combined effects of subchronic exposure of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzo [a] pyrene (B[a]P) on spermatogenesis in male rats. Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4-5 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated respectively as follows, corn oil, 1 mg/kg of B[a]P, 50 mg/kg of DBP, 1 mg/kg of B[a]P+50 mg/kg of DBP , the gavage was used every other day, for 90 days. The rats were sacrificed and the testes, epididymis, livers and other visceral organs were collected, and the organ coefficients were calculated. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes of cell cycle. The testes were prepared for histological examination, and cauda epididymides were isolated for the determination of progressive motility and density of stored spermatozoa. The blood samples were collected to assess the effect of B[a]P and DBP on plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations with chemiluminescence immumo-assay. Results The percentage of progressively motile stored spermatozoa and stored sperm density were not changed when exposure to B[a]P and DBP. The exposure alone and combined to B[a]P and DBP caused a reduction in mean tubular area compared with the control (P

Progress of Researches on Potential Chemoprotectants against Microcystins / 环境与健康杂志

Microcystins (MCs) is a potent cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the blue-green algae,Microcystis aeruginosa. The pollution caused by microcystins has become a global concern. Facing to MCs-induced health hazards and potential economic losses,it has an important practical significance to study the effective chemoprotectants against MCs. In this paper,both domestic and abroad researches on the chemoprotectants (silymarin,curcumin,green tea polyphenols,cyclosporin-A,rifampin,trace element supplementation) against MCs were reviewed.

Effects of Long-term Consumption of Purified Water on Lead Accumulation in Organs of Rats / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To understand whether long term consumption of purified water can cause lead accumulation and enhance lead toxicity in the rats with chronic lead exposure. Methods 104 male SD weaned rats were randomly divided into eight groups,tap water,purified water,tap water plus lead (lead acetate,Pb2+: 50 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 50 mg /L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L). All were fed with normal food and kept in the same environmental conditions. The blood samples were collected after 4,6,8,10,24 and 28 weeks of lead exposure. The brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone were sampled at the experimental endpoint and the lead concentration was determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method,zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level was measured by using surface fluorescence method. Results At the same lead exposure level,no difference of blood lead level was observed between the groups of drinking purified water and tap water,however,the lead level in the organs tissue,including brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone,was significantly higher in the group drinking purified water compared with drinking tap water. The blood ZPP level in rats drinking purified water was also higher than the rats drinking tap water,the significant difference were occurred at low lead level exposure (P

Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Child-Bearing Age Women Body / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate the exposure levels of organic pollutants in child-bearing age women body. Methods The blood and urine specimens were collected simultaneously from each of 8 health women, aged 23-32 years, the organics were extracted with hexane and determined qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for each specimen. Results In blood, 34 kinds of organic compounds had been detected , at average of (8.63?5.01 )kinds per person. Di-n-butyl phthalate (100%) and 14-bate-H-pregna (75.0%) revealed the highest detectable rates. In urine, 39 kinds of organic compounds had been identified, at average of (10.63?1.30) kinds per person, di-n-butyl phthalate(100%), HANFETT(100%), 14-bate-H-pregna(87.5%), docosane (87.5%), di-isobutyl phthalate(75.0%) were the chemicals noticed more frequently. Some kinds of these identified organics compounds were environmental toxic pollutants. Conclusion This study suggested that toxic organic pollutants had existed in child-bearing age women body, phthalic acid esters were the chemicals checked out more frequently. Their potential adverse health effects on women and offspring should be paid highly attention to.

A Review of Environmental Estrogenic Effects of Alkylphenols / 环境与健康杂志

Alkylphenols(APs) , the second most widely used commercial non-ionic surfactants in the world, are the main degradated productions of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs). The structure, biodegradation, transportation and distribution in environment, environmental monitoring and management are reviewed in this paper. Many meaurement methods of APs show that APs possess estrogenoid effects, that mainly disturb endocrinal and reproductive system, especially, estrogen-dependent organs. APs are associated with decreased fertility, reproductive disfunction, inferbility and cancer formation. APs are able to bind estrogen receptors, to imitate or antagonize estrogen effects, to disturb formation and metabolism of endogenous hormones and receptors. APs are also able to change the structure, quantity and function of cells and to disturb the kinetics of cellcycle at cytological and molecular levels. The more work on epidemiological study and mechanism of APs are needed. Management program for controlling environmental pollution caused by APs is being speedily investigated and put into practice progressively. It is necessary to restrict the use of APEs.

Advances in Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Dibutyl Phthalate / 环境与健康杂志

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been found as a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with reproductive and developmental toxicity. The characteristics of reproductive and developmental toxicity of DBP, the mechanisms of the toxicity and effects on human health were reviewed in this paper according to the toxic effects on pregnant animals exposed to DBP, which might provide reference for the further study on toxicity of DBP and preventive measures.

Effects of Estrogen Octylphenol on the Expression of Apoptosis Regulator Gene bcl-2 in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7 / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the effects of octylphenol, an environmental contaminant with estrogenic activity, on the expression of apoptosis regulator gene bcl-2 mRNA in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and to compare its effects with 17?-estradiol (E 2). Methods MCF-7 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to various concentrations of octylphenol and E 2 from 12 h to 120 h respectively. Total RNA was abstracted and the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach. Results The expression of bcl-2 mRNA in MCF-7 cells increased significantly after exposure to octylphenol and E 2 24 h and the effects continued to 120 h. The stimulation effect on the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was induced by octylphenol with a wide range of concentrations, and the strongest effect was found at the concentration of 10-6 mol/L of octylphenol. Conclusion The results suggested that octylphenol had similar estrogenic activities as E 2 on regulating the expression of bcl-2 mRNA in MCF-7 cells, but the effect was weaker than that of E 2.

Serum Level of Three Kinds of PAEs in Children Living in City and Countryside in an Area in China / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To understand the body burden of PAES in the children aged 10-12 years,living in city and countryside and estimate the potential hazard of PAEs for the children. Methods The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed to determine the serum level of three kinds PAEs (DEP,DBP and DEHP) in two groups of children,including 36 city children and 38 countryside children in Jan. 2007. Results In the city children,the average serum level (median) of PAEs was 0.002 6 mg/L for DEP,0.035 9 mg/L for DBP and 0.106 25 mg/L for DEHP. In the countryside children,the serum level of PAEs was 0.000 0 mg/L for DEP,0.040 6 mg/L for DBP and 0.052 45 mg/L for DEHP. The differences of average levels of DEP and DEHP between the two groups were significant (P

Investigation on the Indoor Air Formaldehyde Pollution in a Certain City in China / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To understand the status of indoor air formaldehyde pollution in a certain city in China.Methods 50 newly decorated houses in a certain city were chosen and the formaldehyde concentration in indoor air in different types of room were determined.Results The formaldehyde concentrations in indoor air in 56.6% of the investigated 50 houses exceeded the State Standard.And the highest concentration was 1.05 mg/m3 which was 10.5 times of the limit in the State Standard.Child's bedrooms were most seriously polluted,73% of which exceeded the State Standard.Conclusion The status of indoor air formaldehyde pollution in the newly decorated houses in a certain city in China is serious,this problem needs to be paid more attention to.