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To study the clinical application value of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) in the diagnosis of thyroid imaging reported and data system Grade 4 (TI-RADS 4) nodules. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 134 patients with thyroid nodules surgery were selected, and their results of preoperative color Doppler ultrasonography were TI-RADS 4. The data of US-FNAB and CEU before operation and the results of pathological section after operation were collected. The pathological results were taken as the gold standard, and the specimens obtained by US-FNAB puncture were used for HE staining and cytological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and the cost were calculated for CEU and US-FNAB, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the 2 methods was compared. Results: Of 134 thyroid nodules, there were 131 malignant nodules (97.76%) and 3 benign ones (2.24%). The sensitivity of US-FNAB and CEU were 87.02% and 93.89% respectively. The specificity of US-FNAB and CEU were 100.00% and 66.67%. The accuracy of US-FNAB and CEU were 87.31% and 93.28% respectively. Comparisons of the diagnostic accuracy were performed by χ2 test. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between CEU and US-FNAB (P>0.05). However, the sensitivity of US-FNAB and CEU were 87.50% and 100.00%, respectively, when the maximum diameter of nodule was less than 10 mm, and there was statistical significance (P0.05). The cost and risk of US-FNAB was higher than those of CEU. Conclusion: The sensitivity of US-FNAB is higher than that of CEU for thyroid nodules with the diameter larger than 10 mm. With high detection rate, good safety and low cost, CEU can still be used for thyroid nodules with the diameter less than 10 mm, which is diagnosed as negative nodules by US-FNAB.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Data Systems , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroid NoduleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the differential expression of the sensitive and resistant relative proteins in human breast cancer tissue.@*METHODS@#A drug sensitive group and a drug resistant group for chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer were selected through neoadjuvant. The differential protein expression in 2 groups was detected by proteomics techniques, and parts of differential proteins were identified by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#There were 13 differential proteins in the 2 groups, in which the expression of 3 proteins was up-regulated and 10 down-regulated. Seven proteins were identified by Western blot. The expression of keratin type I cytoskeletal 19 (KIC19), thymidine phosphorylase (TYPH) was upregulated, and the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), keratin type I cytoskeletal 9 (KIC9), collagen alpha-2(VI) (CO6A2), vimentin (VIME), and actin cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB) was down-regulated in the drug resistant group. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of KIC19 and TYPH may be correlated with drug resistance in patients with breast cancer, and HSP27, KIC9, CO6A2, VIME, and ACTB may be correlated with drug sensitivity.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins , Metabolism , Keratin-19 , Metabolism , Keratin-9 , Metabolism , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Proteins , Metabolism , Proteome , Metabolism , Proteomics , Thymidine Phosphorylase , MetabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To determine the influence of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) interference on SW579 cell lines in thyroid cancer.@*METHODS@#We designed 2 pairs of siRNA interference sequences, transfected them into SW579 cell line with liposome, and detected the interference with RT-PCR method. For successfully interfered cell lines, the changes in cell proliferation, cell cycle, and the expression of related proteins in mitogen-activated protein signal-regulated kinase /extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ ERK) signal pathway were detected.@*RESULTS@#After 2 pairs of siRNA transfection, the expressions of BRAF mRNA and protein of SW579 cell lines were significantly inhibited (P<0.01). The proliferation was inhibited, the cell cycle was changed, G1/S phase increased, and MEK/ERK signal pathway was inhibited.@*CONCLUSION@#Inhibition of growth and proliferation of SW579 cell lines by BRAF may be functioned by de-activating MEK/ERK signal pathway.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To determine the association between activity of BRAF and mitogen-activated protein/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) / extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway in papillary thyroid cancer and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#We collected the clinical data and blood samples from 73 cases of papillary thyroid cancer and another 16 cases of benign thyroid gland tumor, and detected the expression of rat sarcoma (RAS), BRAF, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 in all tumor specimens and benign thyroid tissues with immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The expression of RAS, BRAF, pMEK1/2, and pERK1/2 protein in papillary thyroid cancer tissues was higher than those in the benign thyroid tissues(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of RAS, BRAF, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 was associated with the tumor size, the lymph node metastasis, and the clinical stage of papillary thyroid cancer(P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of RAS, BRAF, pMEK1/2, and pERK1/2 is associated with the pathogenesis, the lymph node metastasis, and the clinical stage of papillary thyroid cancer. The MEK/ERK signaling pathway may be activated by BRAF in papillary thyroid cancer.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Papillary , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 , Genetics , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , Genetics , Metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , ras Proteins , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association bewteen BRAF mutations and papillary thyroid cancer.@*METHODS@#BRAF gene mutations in 73 cases of papillary thyroid cancer and 16 cases of thyroid gland benign tumor were detected by PCR and sequencing technology.@*RESULTS@#We found 42 instances of BRAF mutations in 73 cases of thyroid cancer. However, no mutation was found in tissues from benign thyroid tumors. There were significant correlations between BRAF mutation and lymph node metastasis, and between BRAF mutation and the clinical stage of papillary thyroid cancer (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The mutation of BRAF is associated with the pathogenesis, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage of papillary thyroid cancer.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Papillary , Genetics , Point Mutation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , Genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the value of fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) in the diagnosis of nipple discharge.@*METHODS@#Clinical records of 1,025 patients with nipple discharge undergoing FDS from February 2006 to March 2008 were reviewed.@*RESULTS@#There were obviously differences in the FDS diagnosis of various nipple discharge traits. The diagnosis by FDS was pathologically confirmed in 93.7%of patients with nipple discharge (404/431).@*CONCLUSION@#FDS can effectively improve the diagnosis of nipple discharge,and has great clinical significance.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Breast Diseases , Diagnosis , Pathology , Breast Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Pathology , Endoscopy , Methods , Fiber Optic Technology , Methods , Nipples , Metabolism , Papilloma, Intraductal , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Pathology , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Obiective To study the clinic characteristics of young women with breast cancer, and analyse the reason of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective review was made in 121 cases of young women with breast cancer (age ≤35 years as young group) and 40 cases of breast cancer patients of control group (age≥40 years), who all underwent definitive surgical treatment. Results There were significant differences in the positive rate of invasive tumor and the positive rate of axillary lymph node between the two groups(P
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Objective To determine the relationship between the microvessel density and the aggressiveness in breast cancer(BC) in young women (≤35years).Methods Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to study the expression of MVD on paraffin embedded sections in 40 young women BC patients(age≤35years) and 30 past menstrual BC patients.The relation between axillary lymph node metastasis and the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed and compared.Results The mean value of MVD and the positive rate of axillary lymph node in the young women group(65.28?15.06,70%)were higher than that in the past menstrual group(51.91?15.06,40%)(P
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Objective To explore the clinico-pathological characteristics of primary breast lymphoma(PBL).Methods The clinical data of 36 cases of PBL were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 36 cases of PBL,16 patients presented with stage Ⅰa disease,14 patients with stage IIa disease,2 patients with stageⅡb disease,and 4 patients with stage Ⅳ.All of the patients underwent surgery and chemotherapy,and 20 cases had radiotherapy.Thirty three patients(91.7%) were followed up for 3-193 months,during which time,12 patients died,including 2 patients died of brain metastases,five patients died of bone metastasis,and five patients died of diffuse hepatic and pulmonary metastasis.In the 21 surviving patients,the survival time was 3～192 months,and the median survival time was 43.5 months.The overall 3-and 5-year survival rate was 70.1% and 49.0%,respectively.Conclusions Most PBL are NHL.PBL is diagnosed basically by methods of pathology and immunohistochemistry,and operation combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is the best treatment method.