ABSTRACT
Placenta serves as a temporary fetal organ, which mediates maternal-fetal crosstalk and intrauterine fetal growth. Placental defensive barrier is a fundamental physiological function, which balances maternal immune tolerance to the fetus and resistance to pathogens. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the mechanisms of placental barrier formation from the view of placental development. Recent discoveries have shed light on the cellular and molecular properties of placental defensive mechanisms in syncytiotrophoblast, including autophagy, exosome mediated anti-pathogenic pathways, cell-cell junctions and cytoskeleton networks. We also present an overview of placental barrier dysfunction and its implications in intrauterine TORCH infections.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of sea cucumber cerebroside(SCC) and its long-chain base(LCB) on lipid and glucose metabolism in obese mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mouse obese model was established by feeding high fat diet. The mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control group, model group, SCC group and LCB group. After 4 weeks, the glucose tolerance test was undertaken. After 5 weeks, the body fat content, organic indexes, serum lipid level, glycemic index and liver lipid level were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the glucose tolerance in the SCC group and LCB group was ameliorated significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05); glycemic index (P<0.01, P<0.01), the weight of adipose tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the hepatic TG were reduced significantly (P<0.05, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sea cucumber cerebroside and its long-chain base can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Cerebrosides , Pharmacology , Lipid Metabolism , Lipids , Blood , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Obese , Obesity , Blood , Drug Therapy , Sea Cucumbers , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of sea cucumber cerebroside (SCC) on the lipid metabolism in rats with orotic acid-induced fatty liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model was established by adding orotic acid to the diets in rats. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control group, NAFLD group, NAFLD + low SCC group and NAFLD + high SCC group. After 10 days of feeding, the serum and hepatic lipid concentrations and the aminopherase activities were measured; the composition of hepatic fatty acids was also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The serum TC and TG levels reduced significantly in the NAFLD group as compared with the controls (P<0.05), while the sea cucumber cereborside feeding raised the serum lipid concentrations (P<0.05). The hepatic TC and TG levels dramatically increased in the NAFLD group in comparison with the controls (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the hepatic lipid accumulations decreased in both SCC groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The ALT and AST activities in the NAFLD group increased markedly when compared with the controls (P<0.05, P <0.01), while the sea cucumber cerebroside feeding attenuated the hepatic injury levels (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity increased significantly in the NAFLD group (P<0.05), but decreased in SCC groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sea cucumber cerebroside can attenuate the rat fatty liver induced by orotic acid.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cerebrosides , Pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Fatty Acids , Metabolism , Fatty Liver , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Liver , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sea Cucumbers , ChemistryABSTRACT
The Cre recombinase from bacteriophage P1 can recognize specific DNA sequences, cleave DNA at specific target sites, and then ligate it to the cleaved DNA of a second site. In this study, cre gene was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector via PCR procedure. Then the cre gene was inserted into an expression vector pET-29a and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). A 38 kD soluble protein was expressed and named CRE. CRE was purified by DEAE-52 chromatography. Bioassay of the partially purified product showed that CRE can cleave the plasmid pGLGFP which contains two loxP site with the same direction.