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Objective:To study the risk factors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) refractoriness.Methods:The clinical data of 106 HCC patients who underwent TACE at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively studied. There were 90 males and 16 females, with the age of (59.9±9.3) years. These patients were divided into the TACE-refractory group ( n=47) and the control group ( n=59) based on whether TACE refratoriness occurred after surgery. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVIKA-II), maximum diameter of tumor, number of tumor and tumor vascularization patterns between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse the risk factors of TACE refractoriness in patients with HCC after TACE. Results:The proportion of patients with AFP >400 μg/L, PIVIKA-II >40 AU/L, number of tumor and tumor vascularization patterns Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (uneven enhancement) were significantly higher in the TACE-refractory group than the control group (all P<0.05). The maximum diameter of tumor for patients in the TACE-refractory group was significantly larger than that in the control group ( Z=-2.41, P=0.016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with serum AFP >400 μg/L( OR=2.707, 95% CI: 1.008-7.271), multiple tumors ( OR=6.069, 95% CI: 2.115-17.415) and tumor vascularization patterns Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (uneven enhancement)( OR=7.813, 95% CI: 2.246-27.176) before the first TACE were at increased risks of TACE refractoriness (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Preoperative AFP >400 μg/L, multiple tumors and tumor vascularization patterns Ⅲ+ Ⅳ were independent risk factors for TACE refractoriness in patients with HCC.
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The following curriculum reforms in medical functional experiment have been performed in Guangzhou Medical University: taking comprehensive experiments as main contents, supported by self-designed experiments and innovative experiments after class, applying the blended teaching mode by combining virtual simulation experiments and animal experiments, setting up "simulative functional experiment" as an optional course based on intelligent simulated human system, and developing medical popular science education for teenagers. Questionnaire results show that, through these reforms, remarkable effects have been achieved in students' integrated practical ability, scientific accomplishment, clinical and innovative thinking ability.
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The incidence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise around the world, and due to its complex pathogenesis, there is still a lack of effective treatment drugs. If NAFLD is not treated in time, it may increase the risk of related metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia and even lead to liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a hormone secreted by L-shaped cells of the small intestine and can regulate glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, reduce gastric emptying, and inhibit food intake. This article reviews the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in the treatment of NAFLD and related mechanism.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor of the liver and has a complex pathogenesis. At present, the oxidative stress theory is one of the many important theories for the mechanism of the development and progression of this disease. Autophagy is an important way for cells to clear misfolded proteins or damaged organelles and maintain homeostasis of the internal environment. An increasing number of evidence has shown that autophagy plays an important role in liver fibrosis and HCC and is closely associated with oxidative stress. With reference to the latest research findings around the world, this article analyzes the interaction between autophagy and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HCC from the aspect of their relationship with HCC. It is pointed out that the molecular mechanism by which autophagy regulates oxidative stress in the development of HCC may become a research hotspot in the future; it may provide a new means for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC to activate or block a key pathway through which autophagy regulates oxidative stress.
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A large number of studies have shown that berberine exerts an anti-tumor effect mainly by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing cancer cell death, inhibiting cancer cell metastasis and invasion, regulating the expression of endogenous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, affecting the activity of cancer-related enzymes, exerting an anti-oxidative stress effect, correcting abnormal glucose metabolism, and inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B and its pathways. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown than berberine has a marked clinical effect in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with various pharmacological actions and molecular regulatory mechanisms. This article reviews the role and mechanism of berberine, an active component of traditional Chinese medicines including Coptis chinensis, in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and thus reveals the clinical effect of berberine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In future, new dosage forms should be developed to improve its bioavailability and form effective therapeutic regimens for clinical application.
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To effectively urge students to preview lessons before class, carry out efficient precise interactive teaching in class and make an accurate analysis on the teaching effect after class, Rain Classroom was utilized to construct a high-efficient interactive precision before-class-in-class-after-class teaching mode for physiology teaching. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the students, and the results show that the students are very fond of the teaching mode supported by Rain Classroom. The mode effectively promotes the students' daily study and the interaction between teachers and students, makes teachers accurately grasp the students' situation and perform scientific and precise teaching, enhances the teaching efficiency and improves the teaching effect.
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Objective To discuss the effect of the electric stimulation on the free radicals and Nrf2 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle myoblasts(C2C12) of mice.Methods After 6 days of differentiation,skeletal muscle myoblasts(C2C12) cells of mice were randomly divided into a control group and an electrical stimulation group.The control group was not stimulated,while the electrical group was stimulated 30,45,60,75,90,120 and 150 minutes respectively with the electrical parameter as 20 ms,45 V and 5 Hz.The reactive oxygen species(ROS),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2) protein expression in C2C12 muscle tubes were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the amount of ROS produced in the C2C12 muscle tube increased significantly in the stimulation group(P＜0.05),except those stimulated for 30 and 150 minutes,with greatest increase for those stimulated for 60 and 120 minutes(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of GSH-Px and the expression of Nrf2 nuclear protein increased significantly in all the stimula tion group(P＜0.05),except those stimulated for 30 minutes and with the greatest increase for those stimulated for 75 and 150 minutes(P＜0.01).Conclusion The electrical stimulation of 45 V,20 ms and 5 Hz can cause oxidative stress in the C2C12 muscle tube.Based on the variation of ROS production with the time of electric stimulation,it is found that only when ROS increases to a certain amount,can it activate the Nrf2 signaling system and related genes to make the GSH-Px play an antioxidant role.However,with the increase of stimulation time,the anti-oxidative ability decreases slightly,and then it continues to maintain its high level.
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Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of microRNA-146a in Brucella patients and its correlation with antibody titers.Methods: By using real time PCR assay, expression levels of microRNA-146a in sera samples from 20 brucellosis patients and 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed.The correlation between expression level of microRNA-146a and serum antibody titers were analyzed with SPSS17.0.Results: A quantification curve of microRNA-146a was constructed with synthesized standard.Expression levels of microRNA-146a among brucellosis patients were significantly lower than those in 20 healthy volunteers (P<0.001).For brucellosis patients,the expression level of microRNA-146a was negatively related with antibody titers (P<0.05). Conclusion:Expression of miRNA-146a in brucellosis patients was significantly inhibited and negatively related with antibody titer.
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BACKGROUND: Many researchers at home and abroad think that interlocking intramedul ary nails may be more suitable for comminuted fractures of the tibia with severe soft tissue injury. Plate fixation is more advantageous for distal tibial fractures. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of multifunctional locking intramedul ary nail and locking plate in treatment of extraarticular proximal tibial fractures. METHODS: 156 patients with extraarticular proximal tibial fractures were included and divided into intramedul ary nail group (n=78) and the locking plate group (n=78) according to repair method. Curative effects and healing time were compared between the two groups. At 3 months after treatment, Johner-Wruh tibial fracture scores were used to assess the repair effect in both groups. In addition, operation time, blood loss, healing time and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mean healing time was 9.3 months in the locking plate group and 9.2 months in the intramedul ary nail group. At 3 months after treatment, the repair effect was significantly better in the intramedul ary nail group than in the locking plate group (P < 0.05). Blood loss and time were less in the intramedul ary nail group than in the locking plate group (P < 0.05), and surgical difficulty was high. At 3 months after treatment, the incidence rates of tibia eversion/inversion, neurovascular injury and nonunion/infection were significantly lower in the intramedul ary nail group than in the locking plate group (P < 0.05). These findings confirmed that the multifunctional locking intramedul ary nailing for extraarticular proximal tibial fractures obtained reliable efficacy, exact effect, reduced blood loss and low incidence of complications. Thus, it is better than locking plate.
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Objective To clarify the role and significance of Toll?like receptor 4(TLR4)in myocardial damage following paraquat(PQ)poisoning in mice. Methods Male wild type C57BL/6J mice(WT)and male TLR4 deficient mice(TLR4?ko)were divided into four groups in the study:(1)control group(WT mice,n=6);(2)TLR4?ko group(TLR4?ko mice,n=6);(3)WT+PQ group(WT mice,n=30);(4)TLR4?ko+PQ group (TLR4?ko mice,n=30). The mice in group 1 and group 2 were injected intraperitoneally with saline;mice in group 3 and group 4 were injected in?traperitoneally with 75 mg/kg of PQ. At 2 h,4 h,8 h,16 h and 24 h after PQ administration,6 mice of WT+PQ group and TLR4?ko+PQ group were euthanized and the heart tissue specimens were harvested. All the specimens were analysed by histology,while the expression of TLR4 mRNA was only detected in samples of WT+PQ mice. The specimens at 2 h,8 h and 24 h after PQ administration were used for cytokines detection for WT+PQ group and TLR4?ko+PQ group;in addition,Western blot analysis was performed for WT+PQ group. At 8 h after treatment,control mice and TLR4?ko mice were euthanized by the same method. Mice were anesthetized for cardiac geometry and functional assessment using a 2?D guide M?mode echocardiography at 8 h following injection of either PQ or saline. Results During myocardial damage due to PQ exposure in WT+PQ mice,obvious histopathological changes were observed,as well as a noticeable decrease of heart function and increased expressions of TNF?αand IL?1β. Compared with the WT mice,TNF?αand IL?1βprotein levels,changes in heart function and histopathological changes were significantly attenuated following PQ exposure in myocardial damage in TLR4?ko mice. Conclusion The TLR4gene is involved with in heart functional injury and histopathological changes in myocardial damage following PQ poisoning in mice,which may through the regulation of TNF?αand IL?1βexpression. Our findings indi?cate that TLR4 plays an important role in mediating myocardial injury due to PQ.
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BACKGROUND: The postnatal sexual health of women is crucial in reproductive health, due to lack of sexual knowledge and sexual heath care service as well as conventional idea, the medical staff and postnatal women themselves pay little attention and discussion on the sexual health after childbirth.OBJECTIVE; To investigate the prevalence and types of women's sexual problems after childbirth, identify the factors associated with dyspareunia and investigate the status quo of postnatal sexual health care service. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study and follow-up survey within six months after delivery.SETTING: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 798 primiparous women delivering a live birth in Department of Obstetrics at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences between November 2000 and July 2001, and 79 husbands who accompanied their wives during the follow-ups were adopted in this study.METHODS: The primiparous women after 6 months of childbirth and husbands conducted routine postnatal follow-ups and were informed of the follow-up content. The interview was used in this cross-sectional study and the questionnaires were finished under the help of health professional. And some advice, consultations and treatments can be given in time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES; ①main change of postnatal sexual life;②postnatal sexual problems and related factors. RESULTS: Totally 460 out of 798 primiparous women in accordance with the inclusive and exclusive criterions received follow-up surveys after telephone or letter notification. ①Main change of postnatal sexual life: Of the 460 respondents, 94.74% had resumed sexual activity within six months after delivery. Compared with one year pre-pregnancy, the number of sexual activity decreased obviously within 3-6 months after delivery, and 66.0％ of postnatal women decreased the sexual desire.②Postnatal sexual problems and related factors: Sexual morbidity increased significantly after the childbirth: In the first three months after delivery, 70.6％ of women experienced sexual problem(s), declining to 55.6％ during the 4th-6th months, and reduced to 34.2％ at the 6th month, but not reaching pre-pregnancy levels of 7.17％. The sexual problems of women after delivery included dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, orgasm disorder and vaginal relaxation, etc.4. And dyspareunia was the most common type. Between the 4th and 6th month after delivery, dyspareunia was significantly associated with the effect of traditional sexual ideas, experience of dyspareunia before pregnancy and current breastfeeding (P ＜ 0.05), while the association of dyspareunia with delivery mode was not significant.③Sexual care service and sexual counseling after delivery: Only 20.8％ of women received information about sexual health from health care personnel within 42 days after delivery, and consultation rate of sexual intercourse problems was 8.0％.④Husbands' comprehension of postnatal problems in women: Only 59.2％ of partners whose wives had postnatal sexual problem(s) knew that their wives had ever experienced sexual problem(s) and 8.1％ of partners had sought medical help. CONCLUSION; Sexual health problems are very common in women after childbirth, taking up for 70.6％. And the quality of postnatal sexual health is unrelated with delivery mode, but postnatal health care service are often overlooked, additionally lack of professional counseling and treatment. The current practices of encouraging the husband's supports after the childbirth may well influence the prevention and treatment of postnatal sexual problems in women.
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Objective:To investigate the impact of childbirth on pubococcygeal muscle of primiparous women in China,understand factors associated with pubococcygeal muscle,and investigate the muscular training in postpartum health care.Methods:We inquired 460 primiparous women delivering a live birth at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between November 1,2000 and July 31,2001.It was a cross-sectional study using obstetric records and postal questionnaire survey by outpatient consultation carried out six months after delivery.Results:At six months after delivery pubococcygeal muscle strength was significantly associated with vaginal loosening,length of perineum wound,stress incontinence( P 0.05).About 76.30% of women received information about the muscular training after delivery,and 8.57% of women were told that they should do Kegel exercise by health care personnel at 42 days after childbirth.Only 11.8% of postnatal women often did exercise.Conclusion:Health care personnel should protect pelvic floor muscle in labor,and focus on Kegel exercise after birth.
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Objective: To study the mechanism of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback. Methods: The EMG and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded dynamically during the course of EMG biofeedback. Changes of EMG amplitude and frequency during EMG biofeedback were assessed with linear analysis. We also applied the nonlinear analysis, approximate entropy (ApEn) of EMG signals and Cross Approximate entropy (Cross-ApEn) between EMG and EEG signals, to assess regularities in EMG and correlation between EMG and EEG. Results: With the processing of EMG biofeedback, the maximum, minimum and mean amplitude of EMG signals decreased significantly (F=3.85~25.59,P
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor of the liver and has a complex pathogenesis. At present, the oxidative stress theory is one of the many important theories for the mechanism of the development and progression of this disease. Autophagy is an important way for cells to clear misfolded proteins or damaged organelles and maintain homeostasis of the internal environment. An increasing number of evidence has shown that autophagy plays an important role in liver fibrosis and HCC and is closely associated with oxidative stress. With reference to the latest research findings around the world, this article analyzes the interaction between autophagy and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HCC from the aspect of their relationship with HCC. It is pointed out that the molecular mechanism by which autophagy regulates oxidative stress in the development of HCC may become a research hotspot in the future; it may provide a new means for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC to activate or block a key pathway through which autophagy regulates oxidative stress.