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Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and damage to bone microstructure, leading to brittle fractures. It is a multifactorial disease that is more common in postmenopausal women, and its high incidence and serious complications are receiving increasing attention. Currently, clinical anti-osteoporosis drugs are mainly divided into two categories: inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation, including bisphosphonates, calcitonin and estrogen, etc. But the side effects and high economic cost of drugs limit the scope of their use to some extent. In recent years, the effect of intestinal flora on bone health, especially on osteoporosis, has become a potential new target for regulating bone density. Probiotics belong to intestinal flora and are defined as living microorganisms. They have initially shown good efficacy in the treatment of some bone metabolic diseases, suggesting that intestinal flora can be used as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and the application of probiotics as a new therapeutic method for osteoporosis. This paper mainly reviews the relevant studies on probiotics and osteoporosis, shows the latest research progress of probiotics intervention in OP, clarifies the relevant action mechanism of probiotics intervention in OP through intestinal tract, and analyzes the research status and prospect of probiotics treatment in OP.
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A scientific and appropriate construction of curriculum of medical ethics such as teaching hours,teaching content,teaching methods and examination & evaluation in Institute of Medicine and Nursing is to improve the effectiveness of the teaching of medical ethics,to fulfil its goal of fostering applied skilled medical talents,and to meet the needs for the talents in the development of time so that students can better access and understand medical ethics for the sake of facing and dealing properly with problems related to medical ethics work in their future medical work.
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Objective To investigate application feasibility of the heterogeneous de protein cancellous bone in the treatment of lumber intertransverse process spinal fusion.Methods Thirty 6 ～ 8 month healthy male goats were selected to make intertransverse bone bed,and were randomly divided into groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,with 15 in each group.Group Ⅰ was the left side implanted the tissue engineering bone (A group),and the right side implanted recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) composite bone (B group);Group Ⅱ was the left implanted autologous bone (C group),and the right side implanted simple heterogeneous de protein cancellous bone (D group).Each group was observed with the Xray,histological morphology,and maximum bending load.Results (1) In groups B and D,postoperative 4-,8-and 12-week X-ray scores were lower than that of group C (P ＜0.05);In group A,postoperative 4-,8-and 12-week X-ray score were (5.30 ± 0.41) points,(8.54 ± 0.89) points,and (11.25 ± 0.91)points,compared to group C,without statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);(2) For groups A,B and D,postoperative 4-and 8-week histological scores were significantly lower than those in group C (P ＜0.05).For group A,postoperative 4-and 8-week histological scores were significantly higher than those of groups B and D (P ＜0.05).The histological scores of groups B and D postoperative 12 weeks were lower than those of group C (P ＜0.05).The histological score of group A postoperative 12 weeks was (11.04 ± 1.52) points,compared to group C without statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);(3) The maximum bending load of groups B and D was lower than that of group C (P ＜ 0.05).The maximum bending load of group A was (60.32 ± 10.10) N,compared to group C without statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The construction of tissue engineered bone by the heterogeneous de protein cancellous bone,its osteogenesis is close to autogenous bone,but simple heterogeneous de protein cancellous bone osteogenesis is poor.
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Objective To establish a serum-free primary culture method for cortical neurons of new-born rats .Methods The cortical tissue was digested and the cells were planted in the medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum ,and then maintained feed-ing with neurobasal medium containing B27 after 4 to 8 h .The morphology was observed under phase-contrast microscope .RT-PCR ,Western blot and immunocytochemistry were applied to identify the expression of NSE gene and protein in neurons .Results A large number of neurons began to adhere to the cover glasses after 2 to 8 h .They showed different shapes-shuttle ,triangle pyram-idal ,or no regular after clinging to the plate .Their processes connected to nets and were different in length and thickness .They well developed at the 7th to 10th day .The isolated and cultured cells were confirmed as neurons by RT-PCR ,Western blot and immuno-cytochemistry .Conclusion This technique is an easy and practical tool for primary culture of new-born rats cortical neurons with high purity ,and can be used as an in-vitro model of research .
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Objective To detect time-dependent change of neuritin expression in brain tissues after traumatic brain injury and discuss the effect of neuritin after brain damage occurred. Methods Forty-two rats were divided into normal group, control and experimental group. According to the postoperative time divided into 6 subgroups, including 6 hours group, 12 hours group, 24 hours group, 3 days group, 7 days group and 14 days group. Immunohistochemical and western-blot were used to detected the protein expression levels of neuritin. Results The immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive expression of neuritin was strong in the cytomembrane and cytoplasms of the neurons, with a higher intensity, 6 hours after the operation. 12 hours after the operation last to the seventh day, the neurons with the strongest positive expression, is significantly higher than control group and normal group, significant decrease on the fourteenth day. The result of western-blot indicated that the level of neuritin protein sharply increased at 6 hours, reached the peak on 24 hours and after lasted to the seventh day, significantly higher than control group and normal group (P < 0.01), significant decrease on the fourteenth day (P < 0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of neuritin in cerebral contusion tissues may play an important role after traumatic brain injury.
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Objective To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ mRNA-binding protein 3( IMP3 ) in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder( TCCB ) and its clinical significance. Methods The IMP3 expressions in 6 normal bladder tissues and 48 TCCB tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry staining, and the relationships between IMP3 expression and gender, age, pathological grading and staging were analyzed statistically. Results The positive expression rate of IMP3 was 62.5% ( 30/48 ) in bladder cancer,which were significantly higher than that in normal control ( 0/6 ) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The positive rate of IMP3 expression were significantly lower in superficial TCCB ( 46. 15%, 12/22 ) or early TCCB [ Grade Ⅰ 12. 5%(1/8) ,Grade Ⅱ 60. 0% (12/20) ] than that in invasive TCCB [T2 or above,81.8% (18/22) ] or advanced TCCB [ Grade Ⅲ ,85% ( 17/20 ) ] ( Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion IMP3 is a promising biomarker for eraly detection and assessment of the malignancy degree in TCCB.
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Objective To analyze the effect of intravenous dripping of 3% sodium chloride solution on prevention of diluted hyponatremia during transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TUVP). Methods Eighty-five cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) accompanied with typical lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were divided into two groups during undergoing TUVP operation: the control group(n=38) given Ringer's solution dripping (3ml/min) and the concentrated sodium chloride injection group(n= 47) given 3% sodium chloride solution dripping (2～4ml/min). All of the operations were taken via Wolf electric resection system, and the operation time was≥60 min. The complete blood count and serum electrolyte were determined before operation and 60 minutes after operation beginning, and the data were compared between the two groups. Results The decrease amplitude of serum sodium was obviously smaller in concentrated sodium chloride injection group[(1.45±5.14)mmol/L] than that in the control group[(7.79±6.64) mmol/L] 60 minutes after operation beginning (P<0.05). Conclusions Giving 3% sodium chloride solution by intravenous drip during TUVP may reduce the severity of diluted hyponatremia and postpone the occurrence of hyponatremia, and thereby decrease the risk of transurethral resection syndrome.
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Objective To evaluate the procedure of diagnosis and treatment for cystitis glandularis in female. Methods Forty-seven patients were classified into 3 groups randomly after being operated by tuansurethral resection:15 cases without any other therapy(A group), 16 cases with bladder instillation of pirarubicin afterward (B group), 16 cases with bladder instillation of mitomycin afterward (C group). Symptomatic reliof and recurrence were investigated in 1-year follow-up visit. Results Forty-four cases had fulfilled the entire follow-up visit. The effective rates of the three groups were 38.5%,87.5% and 86.7% respectively (X2=13.80,P＜0.01 ), the recurrence rate was 30.8% ,0,13.3% respectively (X2=4.86,P＞0.05).Conclusions The clinical situation of cystitis glandularis has no specificity. Cystisis glandularis has diversification of the clinical symptoms, urodynamics. Transurethral resection with bladder instillation is more effective than transttrethral resection simply, the recurrence rate is lower.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Prostant in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Methods A randomized, double-blind, positive drug-controlled clinical trial method was applied in the study. Through clinical symptoms, signs and expressed prostate secretion (EPS) examination, 80 patients with prostatitis were recruited and randomized into a trial group (60 cases) and a control group (20 cases). The trial group was treated with Prostant, and the control group was treated with wild chrysanthemum suppository. After screening, treatment and follow-up, in the trial group and the control group, the observation on clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated, such as the clinical symptoms, signs, EPS examination, the national institute health-chronic prostatits symptom index (NIH-CPSI) and the blood routine, urine routine, stool routine, the function of liver and kindney, electrocardiograph examination and the side effects. Results After 4-week treatment, the total effective rate was 74.14% in the trial group and 40.0% in the control group, the efficacy of Prostant was superior to that of wild chrysanthemum suppository (P =0.006). There was significant difference in clinical symptoms and NIH-CPSI between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the trial group and the control group (P
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Objective To study the effects of experimental varicocele on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cell in adolescent rats.Methods Experimental varicocele models were created by partial ligation of left renal vein in Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats.The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by in situ terminal deoxylnucleotidyl transferase mediated-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) technique.Results The incidence of apoptosis was increased significantly in experimental group than that in control group(P
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ObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the changes of inflamatory mediators in patients undergoing tension free hernioplasty(LH) using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e PTFE) mycromesh biomaterial or conventional Bassini hernia repair(BH). MethodTwenty one patients randomized into two groups receiving LH or BH. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected 24 hours prior to surgery and then 6,24,48 and 168 hours postoperatively.ResultLH patients showed a higher increased serum level of fibringen,C reactive protein,alpha 1 antitrypsin, and interleukin 6 than BH patients. Postoperative visual analogue scales for pain reduced on mobilization for patients undergoing LH compared with BH. Neutrophils significantly increased only in LH compared with baseline. ConclusionOur data show that although LH induces less pain and rapid postoperative recovery,it is associated with an higher inflammatory response compared with BH, likely due to mycromesh biomaterial.
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Objective To study the imaging characters and diagnostic value of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis by usingthree-dimensional reconstruction of spiral CT. Methods 37 patients with spondylolysis were scanned by spiral CT.Various reconstruction methods were applied on the data acquired. Results The axial CT scans achieved good resolution on showing hyperostosis,fibrous callus and pathological changes of spinal disc.Spondylolysis was all displayed in the MPR/MIP of sagittal,reverse gantry angle and CPR.MIP,MPRand CPR could provide better resolution in display of spondylolysis than SSD did,while SSD was better in display of hyperostosis andspondylolisthesis. Conclusion The three-dimensional reconstruction of spiral CT is a good method for the radiographic evaluation ofspondylolysis and its relative changes.This technique can provide reliable informations for planning clinical therapy.