Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis prevention and control:analysis of influencing factors of prevention and control behavior among college students in Wuhan, China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan, China, while analyzing the factors affecting tuberculosis prevention behavior.@*Methods@#Referring to the National KAP Questionnaire for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control among College Students, which was designed by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 colleges and universities in Wuhan were selected using a judgment sampling method, and a questionnaire survey was carried out through the online questionnaire platform. The formation of tuberculosis prevention and control behavior among this population was analyzed by single factor and multi factor Logistic regression.@*Results@#The total awareness rate of KAP regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan was 79.69%; the awareness rate of core knowledge was 79.28%, and the passing rate was 92.46%. The correct attitude holding rate was 89.69%, while the passing rate was 90.56%. In respect to correct behavior, the formation rate was 72.11%, with a passing rate of 96.62%. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were more likely to promote tuberculosis prevention and control behaviors that met the target: female college students ( OR =1.86); college students whose father had a primary school education level, junior high school and equivalent, high school and equivalent, and junior high school students ( OR =2.94, 3.05, 3.17, 3.24 ); no history of tuberculosis ( OR =3.32); the passing knowledge of core knowledge ( OR =9.91), and the passing attitude holding score ( OR =7.35)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The overall awareness rate of KAP regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among college students in Wuhan is acceptable,the mainly influenced factors are gender, history of tuberculosis, awareness rate of core knowledge about prevention and control, attitudes and cognition, and parents educational background.

Mechanism of Marsdenia tenacissima against ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to explore the main active components and underlying mechanisms of Marsdenia tenacissima in the treatment of ovarian cancer(OC) through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro cell experiments. The active components of M. tenacissima were obtained from the literature search, and their potential targets were obtained from SwissTargetPrediction. The OC-related targets were retrieved from Therapeutic Target Database(TTD), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM), GeneCards, and PharmGKB. The common targets of the drug and the disease were screened out by Venn diagram. Cytoscape was used to construct an "active component-target-disease" network, and the core components were screened out according to the node degree. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of the common targets was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape, and the core targets were screened out according to the node degree. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of potential therapeutic targets were carried out with DAVID database. Molecular docking was used to determine the binding activity of some active components to key targets by AutoDock. Finally, the anti-OC activity of M. tenacissima extract was verified based on SKOV3 cells in vitro. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was selected for in vitro experimental verification according to the results of GO function and KEGG pathway analyses. Network pharmacology results showed that 39 active components, such as kaempferol, 11α-O-benzoyl-12β-O-acetyltenacigenin B, and drevogenin Q, were screened out, involving 25 core targets such as AKT1, VEGFA, and EGFR, and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was the main pathway of target protein enrichment. The results of molecular docking also showed that the top ten core components showed good binding affinity to the top ten core targets. The results of in vitro experiments showed that M. tenacissima extract could significantly inhibit the proliferation of OC cells, induce apoptosis of OC cells through the mitochondrial pathway, and down-regulate the expression of proteins related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study shows that M. tenacissima has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic effect in the treatment of OC, which provides a theoretical basis for in-depth research on the material basis, mechanism, and clinical application.

Investigation on radon exposure level in 38 districts and counties in Chongqing / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　In order to understand the radon exposure level of homes in Chongqing, this survey was carried out on the indoor radon concentration in 38 districts and counties of Chongqing. Methods　According to the population ratio of every 100 000 people, one monitoring site was arranged, and the number of parallel samples was 10% of the distribution sites. The monitoring sites covered 38 districts and counties in Chongqing. A total of 1 019 residential monitoring sites in 38 districts and counties in Chongqing were measured with radon accumulation detectors from July 2020 to June 2021. Results　The five districts/counties in Chongqing having the highest average concentration of residential radon in the year were Xiushan County 78.8 Bq/m3, Qianjiang District 78.0 Bq/m3, Yubei District 73.9 Bq/m3, Youyang County 71.4 Bq/m3 and Shapingba District 69.8 Bq/m3. The five districts/counties with the lowest mean concentration of indoor radon were 37.6 Bq/m3 in Zhongxian County, 36.4 Bq/m3 in Changshou District, 33.7 Bq/m3 in Kaizhou District, 33.2 Bq/m3 in Liangping District and 27.3 Bq/m3 in Wushan County. The concentration levels of radon in four seasons were 46.0 Bq/m3, 53.4 Bq/m3, 45.1 Bq/m3 and 59.5 Bq/m3, respectively. The concentration of radon was higher in Summer and Winter, and lower in Spring and Autumn, and the difference of concentration among four seasons was statistically significant (P<0.001). The radon concentration of newly built buildings after 2017 was relatively high, up to 61.8 Bq /m3, but there was no statistical significance in radon concentration in different building ages (P>0.05). The concentration of radon in rooms of buildings with less than 10 floors was higher, up to 63.2 Bq /m3, and there were significant differences in radon concentration among rooms of different floors (P<0.05). The average annual radon concentration in houses in Chongqing was about (51.6±19.5) Bq/m3, and the average annual effective dose of inhaling radon and its progeny by house-related people was about (1.38±0.52) mSv. Conclusion　The average annual radon concentration level of houses in Chongqing is within the standard limit value recommended by China, but the prevention and control of radon should be strengthened.

TAB1——Potential Biomarker of Paclitaxel Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Based on Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential targets and related mechanism involved in the paclitaxel resistance to ovarian cancer. Method:Ovarian cancer A2780 cells and A2780 paclitaxel-resistant cells （A2780/T） were treated by 2， 4， 8， 16， 32， 64， 128， 256 μmol·L^-1 paclitaxel （PTX） for 24 h or 48 h respectively <italic>in vitro</italic>. The proliferation rate of A2780 cells and A2780/T cells treated with paclitaxel was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） colorimetric method assay. A2780 and A2780/T cells were analyzed by LC-MS/MS Label-Free quantitative proteomics to identify and screen differentially expressed proteins in the two groups of cells. Gene ontology （GO） annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis were used to determine the potential biomarkers of paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer. Conventionally cultured A2780 cells were used as a control group， and A2780/T cells were treated with 0， 1， 4 μmol·L^-1 PTX. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot methods were used to detect and verify the mRNA and protein expression levels of potential target transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 （TAB1） and its downstream related molecules transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>-activated kinase （TAK1） and p38. Result:After PTX treatment for 24 h and 48 h， the cell viability of A2780 and A2780/T cells decreased. The inhibitory rate of PTX on A2780 cells was significantly higher than that of A2780/T cells. In A2780 cells， the IC₅₀ of PTX treatment for 48 h was 0.002 μmol·L^-1， while in A2780/T cells， the IC₅₀of PTX was greater than the maximum concentration of 128 μmol·L^-1， indicating that A2780/T cells were resistant to PTX compared with A2780 cells. 441 differentially expressed proteins and 421 special differentially expressed proteins between A2780/T and A2780 cells were screened by label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. GO function enrichment analysis showed that the binding proteins accounted for the majority （80%） among the differentially expressed proteins. According to the results of KEGG pathway analysis and expression site analysis， TAB1 might be a potential biomarker in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer. Compared with A2780 cells， mRNA and protein expression levels of TAB1 in A2780/T cells were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. mRNA expression of TAK1 and p38 that interacted with TAB1 were also significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， while there was no significant change in protein expression. Conclusion:TAB1 may be a potential biomarker of paclitaxel resistance to ovarian cancer ， and its mechanism may be related to the TAB1/TAK1/p38 MAPK pathway.

Effect of edentulous arch restored with implant supported telescopic overdenture / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the effect of the edentulous arch with implant supported telescopic overdenture. @*Methods@#Fifteen patients with edentulous jaws underwent telescopic overdenture restoration. A total of 26 prostheses were fabricated (11 in the upper jaws, 15 in the lower jaws) with 104 placed implants. The secondary crown was fabricated by wax-lost cast method. Clinical examination and radiographs were conducted. Changes in the marginal bone level around the implants were evaluated by radiograph. The satisfaction level of complete denture and implant-supported overdenture were compared. The mean follow-up time was 32 months (range 6-60 months).@*Results@#Twenty-six prostheses showed better stability, maintenance and occlusion. There were statistical differences between complete denture and implant-supported overdenture in comfort level and chewing function. 1 mm bone lost was found in two patients after 4 years. No implant was lost during the loading time. @*Conclusion @#The preliminary clinical results of this research showed that implant supported telescopic overdentures were reliable for edentulous patients.

Influencing factors for extracting total polysaccharides and active adjuvant components from Poria cocos / 国际药学研究杂志

Objection To investigate the main influencing factors for extracting total polysaccharides and two active adjuvant components from Poria cocos. Methods Extracting temperature was designed between 20℃-100℃,ratio of material/water was 1/5-1/20 (W/V),extracting time was 1-6 h,extracting frequency was 1-3 times,material size was crude slices~50 mesh,and extracting mode was standing or stirring. The sugar content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the reletive molecular mass of polysac-charides was determined with gel filtration chromatography. Monosaccharide compositions were analyzed with PMP-derivation and cap-illary electrophoresis. Results ①The extracting temperature should be below 70℃;②The ratio of material/water was suitable be-tween 1/5-1/20;③The extracting time might be within 2 h;④The extracting frequency should be no more than two times;⑤The raw material should be crushed before extracting;⑥The stirring was favorable for extracting polysaccharides. Conclusion The re-sults indicate that the extracting temperature,extracting frequency and stirring mode are important for extracting polysaccharides,and the cushing of the raw materials is helpful to extract the active adjuvant component of polysaccharides from P. cocos in higher yield.

EFFECT OF SECOND TOE-TO-HAND TRANSFER ON THE PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF THE DONOR FOOT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of second toe-to-hand transfer on the plantar pressure distribution of the donor foot. Methods: Twelve normal fresh-frozen cadaveric foot specimens were subjected to an axial load of 600 N. An F-Scan plantar pressure analysis system was used to measure the forefoot plantar pressure. The testing was performed under the conditions of intact second toe, second toe removal with the second metatarsal head reserved, and second toe removal in combination with the distal one-third of the second metatarsal, respectively. Results: The peak pressure of the second metatarsal head was greater than other four forefoot plantar regions. There was no statistically significant change in the forefoot plantar pressure distribution after the second toe was removed (p > 0.05). When the second toe and the distal one-third of the second metatarsal were removed, the forefoot plantar pressure distribution changed significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions: An intact second metatarsal is essential for the normal distribution of plantar pressure. Removal of the second toe with the second metatarsal head reserved had little influence on the plantar pressure distribution of the donor foot. Removal of the second toe and distal one-third of the second metatarsal resulted in abnormal plantar pressure distribution. Level of Evidence II, Experimental Study.

Lentivirus mediated silencing of Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 39 inhibits cell proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

BACKGROUND: Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 39 (USP39) is a 65 kDa SR-related protein involved in RNA splicing. Previous studies showed that USP39 is related with tumorigenesis of human breast cancer cells. RESULTS: In the present study, we investigated the functions of USP39 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721. We knocked down the expression of USP39 through lentivirus mediated RNA interference. The results of qRT-PCR and western blotting assay showed that both the mRNA and protein levels were suppressed efficiently after USP39 specific shRNA was delivered into SMMC-7721 cells. Cell growth was significantly inhibited as determined by MTT assay. Crystal violet staining indicated that colony numbers and sizes were both reduced after knock-down of USP39. Furthermore, suppression of USP39 arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M phase in SMMC-7721cells. In addition, Annexin V showed that downregulation of USP39 significantly increased the population of apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: All our results suggest that USP39 is important for HCC cell proliferation and is a potential target for molecular therapy of HCC.

Open reduction and internal fixation of posterior pilon fractures with buttress plate

Objective: Posterior pilon fractures are rare injuries and have not yet gained well recognition. The purpose of this study was to present the treatment outcome for patients with posterior pilon fractures treated with buttress plate. Method: In this retrospective study we identified patients with posterior pilon fractures of the distal tibia who had undergone open reduction and internal fixation at our institute. Between January 2007 and December 2009, 10 patients (mean age, 46.5 years) who had undergone buttress plating via either a posterolateral approach or a dual posterolateral-posteromedial approach, were selected. All 10 patients were available for follow-up. The clinical outcome was evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and the visual analogue scale (VAS). The radiological evaluation was performed using the osteoarthritis-score (OA-score). Results: Satisfactory reduction and stable fixation were accomplished in all patients. At a mean follow-up of 36.2 months, all patients had good radiological results and showed satisfactory clinical recovery. The mean AOFAS sore was 87.8, the mean OA-score was 0.6, and the mean VAS scores during rest, active motion, and weight-bearing walking were 0.6, 0.8, and 1.4, respectively. Conclusion: Buttress plating for posterior pilon fractures gave satisfactory clinical outcomes. It also ensured rigid fixation which in turn enabled earlier postoperative mobilization. Level of Evidence IV, Retrospective Study. .

Desfechos clínicos de tratamento cirúrgico de más uniões ou não consolidadas do tálus / Clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for talar malunions and nonunions

Objetivo: apresentar nossas experiências no tratamento de más uniões ou não consolidações talares. Método: entre janeiro de 2000 e setembro de 2009, 26 pacientes com má união ou nãounião depois de fraturas do tálus foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de acordo com os diferentes tipos de deformidade talar. Os desfechos do tratamento foram avaliados pela escala tornozelo-retropé da AOFAS, assim como por radiografias simples. Resultados: 20 pacientes ficaram disponíveis para acompanhamento por 30 (24 a 60) meses. Não houve problema de cicatrização ou infecção das feridas e foram obtidas uniões sólidas em todos os pacientes. As uniões radiológicas foram atingidas em tempo médio de 14 (faixa de 12 a 18) semanas. O tempo médio para concluir o apoio de carga foi 16 (faixa de 14 a 20) semanas. O escore AOFAS médio aumentou significantemente de 36,2 (27 a 43) para 85,8 (74 a 98). Conclusão: as intervenções cirúrgicas das fraturas mal-unidas ou não consolidadas dos tálus podem produzir resultados satisfatórios e o procedimento apropriado deve ser adotado, de acordo com diferentes tipos de deformidades pós-traumáticas. Nível de Evidência: IV, Estudo Retrospectivo.

Objective: To present our experiences of treating talar malunions and nonunions. Method: between January 2000 and September 2009, 26 patients with malunions or nonunions after talar fractures underwent surgical treatment according to different types of talar deformities. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale as well as plain radiographs. Results: 20 patients were available for follow-up for 30 (range, 24 to 60) months. No wound healing problems or infections occurred and solid unions were achieved in all patients. Radiological unions were achieved at a mean time of 14 (range, 12 to 18) weeks. The mean time to complete weight-bearing was 16 (range, 14 to 20) weeks. The mean AOFAS score increased significantly from 36.2 (range, 27 to 43) to 85.8 (range, 74 to 98). Conclusion: surgical interventions for malunions and nonunions after talar fractures can bring about satisfactory outcomes, and the appropriate procedure should be adopted according to different types of posttraumatic deformities. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Study.

Cardura monotherapy versus combination therapy of cardura and tolterodine L-tartrate tablets for II° ? benign prostatic hyperplasia with overactive bladder / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness of the monotherapy of Cardura and the combination therapy of Cardura and Tolterodine L-Tartrate Tablets for II° ? benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with overactive bladder (OAB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 87 cases of BPH with OAB, with a disease course > or = 3 months, daily urination > or = 8 times, nocturnal urination > or = 2 times, urine volume < 200 ml per time, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) > or = 8, OAB symptom score (OABS) > or = 3, quality of life score (QOL) > or = 3, post-void residual (PVR) < or = 100 ml, maximum urinary flow (Qmax) > or = 5 ml/s, prostate weight 25-50 g, and PSA < 4 microg/L. We randomized the patients to a monotherapy group (n = 44) and combination group (n = 43), the former treated with Cardura 4 mg qd, and the latter with Cardura 4 mg + Tolterodine L-Tartrate Tablets 4 mg qd, both for 8 weeks. Then we recorded the IPSS, OABS, Qmax, PVR, PSA, and adverse events.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). In comparison with the baseline, both the monotherapy group and the combination therapy group showed significant decreased in the IPSS (16.50 +/- 4.27 vs 13.68 +/- 3.69 and 15.51 +/- 3.80 vs 11.49 +/- 2.75), urine storage symptom score (10.48 +/- 2.75 vs 7.98 +/- 2.34 and 9.47 +/- 2.31 vs 5.74 +/- 1.66), OABS (8.55 +/- 2.69 vs 6.32 +/- 1.97 and 8.21 +/- 2.55 vs 4.44 +/- 1.62), urgent micturition score (4.25 +/- 1.06 vs 3.23 +/- 0.99 and 4.07 +/- 0.83 vs 2.26 +/- 1.05), QOL (5.36 +/- 0.72 vs 3.43 +/- 0.66 and 5.07 +/- 0.86 vs 2.37 +/- 0.76) and PVR ([44.55 +/- 22.39] vs [38.30 +/- 20.20] ml and [36.19 +/- 21.21] vs [24.98 +/- 17.60] ml) (P < 0.01). All the six parameters were significantly more improved in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (P < 0.01), but there were no remarkable differences between the groups in Qmax and voiding symptom score (P > 0.05). Neither group exhibited significant changes in the PSA level and prostate weight after treatment as compared with the baseline (P > 0.05). No acute urinary retention and other severe adverse reactions were observed during the medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both Cardura monotherapy and the combination therapy of Cardura + Tolterodine L-Tartrate Tablets can improve II ? BPH with OAB, and the latter has an even better efficacy than the former.</p>

Biodiversity of the oleaginous microorganisms in Tibetan Plateau

Microbial lipids, which are also known as single cell oils (SCO), are produced by oleaginous microorganisms including oleaginous bacteria, yeast, fungus and algae through converting carbohydrates into lipids under certain conditions. Due to its unique environment having extremely low temperature and anoxia, the Tibetan Plateau is amongst the regions with numerous rare ecotypes such as arid desert, salt marsh, alpine permafrost, hot spring, and lawn. By using a rapid, convenient screening method, we identified 31 strains of oleaginous microorganisms from different habitats in the Tibetan Plateau, which include wetlands, lawn, hot spring, alpine permafrost, and saline-alkali soil. Molecular identity analysis showed that they belong to 15 different species, 7 of which are reported for the first time as lipid-producing microorganisms, that is, Cladosporium sp., Gibberella fujikuro, Ochrobactrum sp., Plectosphaerella sp., Tilletiopsis albescens, Backusella ctenidia, and Davidiella tassiana. The distribution of the oleaginous microorganisms varies with habitats. 11 strains were found in hot spring (35.5%), 10 in farmland (32.3%), 6 in lawn (19.4%), 2 in sand (6.4%), 1 in wetland (3.2%), and 1 in permafrost (3.2%). Carbon utilization analysis indicated that most of these filamentous fungi can use xylose and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as carbon source, where Backusella ctenidia, Fusarium sp. and Gibberella fujikuroi have the strongest capability.

Effect of Ephrin-A1/EphA2 on Invasion of Trophoblastic Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effect of axon guidance factors ephrin-A 1/EphA2 on the invasion of trophoblastic cells and the possible mechanism were investigated in this study.The expression of EphA2 in vascular endothelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry.The proliferation and invasion of TEV-1 cells (an extravillous trophoblastic cell line) in first trimester were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8)and Transwell invasion assay.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of ephrin-A1 in TEV-1cells treated with EphA2 at different concentrations (10,50,100,500,1000 and 5000 μg/L).The results showed:(1) EphA2 was expressed in the vascular endothelial cells; (2) EphA2 could promote the proliferation of TEV-1 cells.The proliferative capacity reached a peak in TEV-1 cells treated with 100 μg/L EphA2 (P＜0.05); (3) EphA2 could increase the invasion of TEV-1 cells.The invasive ability was the greatest in TEV-1 cells treated with 500 μg/L EphA2 (P＜0.05); (4) in the presence of EphA2 (0-500μg/L),the expression of ephrin-A1 was increased concentration-dependently (P＜0.05),but when the concentration of EphA2 was over 500 μg/L,the expression of ephrin-A 1 ceased to increase (P＞0.05).It was concluded that EphA2 can promote the invasion and proliferation of the human extravillous trophoblastic cells probably by regulating the ephrin-A1 ligand.

Role of Axonal Guidance Factor Netrin-1 in Human Placental Vascular Growth / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the role of netrin-1 in placental vascular development.In vitro rat aortic ring assay and in vivo Matrigel plug assay were conducted to exmaine the effect of netrin-1 on angiogenesis.Human placental microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were isolated and cultured and their viability,migration and tubular formation were studied,in order to examine the effects of netrin-1.The results showed that netrin-1 potently stimulated neovascularization in a mouse Matrigel plug in vivo and the sprouting of endothelial cells in rat aortic rings in vitro.In addition,netrin-1 enhanced the viability,migration and tube formation of HPMECs.Our study suggested that netrin-1 could significantly promote the formation of blood vessels of human placenta and may be a potential target for developing new therapeutic strategies for placental vasculature-related diseases.

Application of serum CK and BUN determination in monitoring pre-competition training of badminton athletes / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to investigate the feasibility of serum creatine kinase (CK) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in monitoring pre-competition training of badminton athletes, the pre-competition training load of 20 badminton athletes was studied, and serum CK and BUN were determined before, immediate and next morning after training. The results showed that after intensive training for one week, serum CK levels were significantly increased by 57.53 mmol/L (P0.05). After intermittent training, there was significant difference in the average increased levels of serum CK in athletes (P0.05). It was concluded that serum CK was one of the biochemical indicators monitoring the training load sensitivity of badminton athletes, but BUN was of little value in monitoring the training load. Both serum CK and BUN recovered slowly after one-week intensive training and intermittent training, suggesting the metabolic mechanism of human body in training needs further study.

Effect of Amylin on Secretion of Insulin and Glucagon in Rats / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To study the effect of amylin on the secretion of glucagon and insulin in isolated rat islets. Methods The models of isolated rat islets were established by collagenase digestion and dextran gradient centrifugation. The influence of various concentrations of amylin on both glucagon and insulin secretion was studied. Results Various concentrations of glucose increased the insulin secretion and decreased the glucagon secretion.Compared with the control, islets exposed to amylin (10~ -10 to 10~ -5 mol/L) for 1 hour showed decreasing glucagon secretion as the glucose increased (0, 5.6 and 11.2 mmol/L) (P

A robust statistical procedure to discover expression biomarkers using microarray genomic expression data / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Microarray has become increasingly popular biotechnology in biological and medical researches, and has been widely applied in classification of treatment subtypes using expression patterns of biomarkers. We developed a statistical procedure to identify expression biomarkers for treatment subtype classification by constructing an F-statistic based on Henderson method III. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to examine the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method. Simulation results showed that our method could provide satisfying power of identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with false discovery rate (FDR) lower than the given type I error rate. In addition, we analyzed a leukemia dataset collected from 38 leukemia patients with 27 samples diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 11 samples as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We compared our results with those from the methods of significance analysis of microarray (SAM) and microarray analysis of variance (MAANOVA). Among these three methods, only expression biomarkers identified by our method can precisely identify the three human acute leukemia subtypes.