Inefficacy of residual sodium succinate on tissue perfusion with an artificial CO2 bath / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Sodium succinate is remained behind following artificial CO₂ bathing, prepared with a 50g sodium hydrogencarbonate and succinic acid tablet producing fine bubbles in water.<br>2NaHCO₂+(CH₂)₂→(COOH)₂→(CH₂)₂(COONa)₂+H₂O+CO₂<br>Na₂CO₃+(CH₂)₂(COOH)₂→(CH₂)₂(COONa)₂+H₂O+CO₂<br>Balneotherapeutic effect of sodium succinate was evaluated experimentally using 10 rabbits by means of medical mass spectrometry.<br>Subcutaneous PO₂ and PCO₂ did not change during the bathing and tissue perfusion of 21.30±3.48ml/100g/min (mean±standard error), SD=4.94, p<0.05 was evaluated at 36-37°C, demonstrating no significant difference compared with that of 20.85±3.56ml/100g/min, SD=6.71, p<0.05 by plain water bathing.<br>These data showed clearly that the balneotherapeutic effects of an artificial CO₂ bathing prepared with a CO₂-tablet, “BUB”-KAO, was not from organic salt of sodium succinate but from CO₂.

Research for carbon dioxide bathing effect of the artificial CO2-bathing on the inflammation / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Anti-inflammation effect of artificial CO₂-bathing was confirmed on carrageenin induced edema experimentally using rats.<br>Artificial CO₂-bath was prepared with carbonated water by high pressure CO₂ bubbling and with a 50g tablet, made from sodium bicarbonate and succinic acid, putting simply in plain water.<br>Carrageenin induced edema was suppressed by plain water bathing, and was further enhanced at lower temperature.<br>It has been definitely shown that the edema is significantly suppressed with CO₂-bathing as compared to plain bathing due possibly to improved tissue perfusion.

Research for carbon dioxide bathing. V. Effect of the artificial CO2-bathing on blood lactic acid and myalgia / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Artificial CO₂-bath was prepared with a tablet (50g): made from sodium bicarbonate and succinic acid, putting simply in plain water bath tub of 100-200 litre at 40C.<br>The effect of artificial CO₂-bath was studied in relation to the change in blood lactic acid which is thought to be indicative of the physical fatigue.<br>It has been clearly demonstrated experimentally using rats that the blood lactic acid after exercise is significantly reduced as compared both to a plain and an artificial Na₂ SO₄-NaHCO₃ bathing.<br>A favorable effect of the artificial CO₂-bath was also confirmed clinically by a relief from the stiff pain following maximal abdominal muscle exercise.

Experimental study on the effects of serial artificial CO2 bathing / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Actual changes in tissue partial pressures of each gas and tissue perfusion with serial artificial CO₂ bathing were evaluated by means of medical mass spectrometry using 5 rabbits.<br>An artificial CO₂ bath was prepared by adding “BUB”-KAO, a 50g sodium hydrogencarbonate and succinic acid tablet producing fine CO₂ bubbles in water of constant temperature 20-litre tub at 36-37°C.<br>Regional tissue perfusion volume was determined on the basis of a clearance curve for Argon tissue partial pressure which was monitored by an on-line computer system with mass spectrometry.<br>Increase in subcutaneous tissue PCO₂ changed from 27% to 10%, and in PO₂ from 12% to 5% on average by serial bathing every day for 4 weeks, on the other hand tissue perfusion volume was increased in 3 out of 5 cases; from 20.85±3.56 (X±SE) m<i>l</i>/100g/min, SD=6.71, p<0.05 to 25.23±8.00 (X±SE) m<i>l</i>/100g/min, SD=6.96, p<0.05.<br>CO₂ has been shown to be locally absorbed through the skin resulting in the elevation of subcutaneous tissue CO₂ partial pessure which decreases depending on the tissue perfusion irrespective of metabolic processes. It is, therefore, assumed that the elimination of absorbed constituents by serial bathings is not caused by a decrease in the percutaneous absorption rate but an increase in washing out rate by the improved tissue perfusion.

Research for carbon dioxide bathing. III. Basic points for the artificial CO2-bathing and on the effect of CO2 concentration released in the air / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

It has been well recognized that no known method can produce as strong or as effective a bath as can be given with natural waters.<br>The method of bubbling gas through the bath water is thought to be almost entirely ineffective; the solubility of CO₂-gas in water at 40°C is about 10%, but is much further enhanced about 50% by bubbling through an airstone, making fine bubbles.<br>Tablet form of the CO₂-bath preparation, made from bicarbonate and succinic acid, produces fine CO₂ bubbles so that about 80% of water solubility at 40°C can be obtained.<br>A CO₂-bath preparation, 50g tablet, can produce 100ppm in maximum concentration in a bath of 150 liter at 40°C, maintaining the level of more than 60ppm for 2 hours.<br>In order for the safety to estimate the escaped CO₂, a large quantity of the CO₂-bath preparation, 20 and 50 tablets, was used in a relatively air tight room; CO₂ concentration reached the maximum level of 1.9 and 6.6% respectively with a tendency of rapid falling, so that the critical complications could rarely be happened.

Research for Carbon Dioxide Bathing / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

It was found that no effect of increase in dermal blood flow depended solely on HCO₃^- or CO₃^2-, but on CO₂ gas dissolved in water.<br>The artificial CO₂ bath was prepared with sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, mixing simply in plain water at 38-40°C.<br>Thermal efficacy was confirmed by a rise in temperature of oral, finger tip and forehead respectively, and by a high transepidermal water loss (TWL) in consequence of increase in dermal blood flow, compared to a plain bathing.<br>A remarkable effect in artificial CO₂ bathing of 400-800ppm has been well-known clinically, however, a substantial increase in dermal blood flow has observed with artificial CO₂-bathing of 59.8ppm or greater in this study, so that a CO₂-bathing using the preparation would be popularized.

Research for Carbon Dioxide Bathing / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Increase in dermal blood flow by the artificial CO₂-bathing was confirmed by means of a Thermocouple flow meter and by a Laser doppler velocimeter.<br>The artificial CO₂-bath was prepared with 50g tablet, made from sodium bicarbonate and succinic acid, putting simply in plain water at 38°C.<br>Dermal blood flow was increased nearly 5-fold by the simple bathing, and was further enhanced 1.3-fold by the artificial CO₂-bathing.<br>It has been definitely shown by the artificial CO₂-bathing that an increase in oral, finger tip, and forehead temperature and transepidermal water loss is significant compared to the plain bathing, so that the thermal effect equivalent to carbon-dioxated spring will be obtained.