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Artemisia argyi is the leaves of compositae plants of A. argyi Lévl. et Vant.， which is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in China. The analysis was carried out by consulting traditional medical classics， modern standard norms and literature， and using Cytoscape software to sort out and visualize the evolution of the processing and the efficacy of processed products. The processing of A. argyi was first made in the Han dynasty and was popular in the Song and Ming dynasties. There were many processing methods in ancient times， including net processing， cutting， frying， processing with auxiliary material （vinegar， wine， salt， charcoal， rice water， sulfur， medicinal juice， jujube mud processing） and other processing methods （baking， winching， making herbs into wool）. Modern common processing methods included purification， vinegar processing， charcoal processing and making herbs into wool， which are relatively simple compared with ancient processing methods. There were obvious differences in the efficacy and application of raw and processed products of A. argyi. Although the processing effects of A. argyi in ancient and modern times were mainly to reduce toxic side effects and enhance the effects of warming meridians and hemostasis， only the purified A. argyi， vinegar-processed A. argyi and vinegar-processed A. argyi charcoal could be seen in the present studies， other processed products had not been inherited and studied， and the processing mechanism was still unclear. It is suggested that in the later exploration and research， researchers can establish a multi-dimensional standard research system based on the characteristics of the medicinal plant A. argyi and the processing characteristics of A. argyi decoction pieces in order to systematically explore the transformation rules before and after processing， and clearly explain the scientific connotation.
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Objective To prepare RGD peptide modified perfluorohexane ( PFH ) polymer nanoparticles RGD-PFH-NPs and investigate its basic characteristics ,targeting ability and combine with low-intensity focused ultrasound ( LIFU ) for ultrasonic imaging in vivo and vitro . Methods Targeted nanoparticles RGD-PFH-NPs were prepared by double emulsifying method and carbodiimide method . Their morphology and distribution were observed . The particle size ,zeta potential and connection probability were measured . The phase-changed properties and the LIFU-induced imaging ability in contrast-enhanced ultrasound mode of RGD-PFH-NPs were investigated in vivo and vitro . The tagetability of nanoparticles to human gastric cancer cell line MGC803 and tumor-bearing nude mouse were observed through targeting group and non-targeting group . Results The prepared sample was milky white suspension liquid . The RGD-PFH-NPs were spherical uniform size ,good dispersion when observed through the optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy . The particle size was ( 259 .3 ± 42 .6) nm and the Zeta potential was ( -17 .6+5 .4) mV . The connection probability of RGD peptide was 89 .13％ . With 70℃ water bath and LIFU stimulation RGD-PFH-NPs can remarkably change phase and show good imaging performance in both conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound mode in vivo and vitro . The connection probability to MGC803 cells in targeting group ( RGD-PFH-NPs ) and the non-targeting group( PFH-NPs)were 82 .59％ and 2 .96％ . The accumulation of nanoparticles in the RGD-PFH-NPs group in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the non-targeted PFH-NPs group( P) . Conclusions The constructed nanoparticles RGD-PFH-NPs ,providing contrast-enhanced ultrasonic imaging and excellent targeting ability to human gastric cancer cells MGC803 and gastric cancer tissue ,is expected to become a new type of gastric cancer targeted ultrasound contrast agent .
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To prepare RGD peptide modified perfluorohexane ( PFH ) polymer nanoparticles RGD‐PFH‐NPs and investigate its basic characteristics ,targeting ability and combine with low‐intensity focused ultrasound ( LIFU ) for ultrasonic imaging in vivo and vitro . Methods Targeted nanoparticles RGD‐PFH‐NPs were prepared by double emulsifying method and carbodiimide method . T heir morphology and distribution were observed . T he particle size ,zeta potential and connection probability were measured . T he phase‐changed properties and the LIFU‐induced imaging ability in contrast‐enhanced ultrasound mode of RGD‐PFH‐NPs were investigated in vivo and vitro . T he tagetability of nanoparticles to human gastric cancer cell line M GC803 and tumor‐bearing nude mouse were observed through targeting group and non‐targeting group . Results T he prepared sample was milky w hite suspension liquid . T he RGD‐PFH‐NPs were spherical uniform size ,good dispersion w hen observed through the optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy . T he particle size was ( 259 .3 ± 42 .6) nm and the Zeta potential was ( －17 .6+5 .4) mV . T he connection probability of RGD peptide was 89 .13% . With 70℃ water bath and LIFU stimulation RGD‐PFH‐NPs can remarkably change phase and show good imaging performance in both conventional ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound mode in vivo and vitro . The connection probability to M GC803 cells in targeting group ( RGD‐PFH‐NPs ) and the non‐targeting group( PFH‐NPs) were 82 .59% and 2 .96% . T he accumulation of nanoparticles in the RGD‐PFH‐NPs group in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the non‐targeted PFH‐NPs group( P) . Conclusions The constructed nanoparticles RGD‐PFH‐NPs ,providing contrast‐enhanced ultrasonic imaging and excellent targeting ability to human gastric cancer cells M GC803 and gastric cancer tissue ,is expected to become a new type of gastric cancer targeted ultrasound contrast agent .
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Objective The clinical benefits of carbohydrate intake 2-3 h before surgery in patients with digestive tract malignant tumor without diabetes mellitus have been confirmed by foreign experts,the"High level evidence" for perioperative nutrition support were also written in China"Guidelines for perioperative nutritional support in adults".However,there are few hospitals in China that prefer preoperative glucose pretreatment,taking into account the differences between domestic and foreign data.In this paper,the clinical randomly controlled experimental data about the effect of preoperative glucose pretreatment on the prognosis of patients with malignant tumor of digestive tract was analyzed by Meta analysis,in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative glucose pretreatment in Chinese patients,and to achieve the clinical significance.Methods Retrieving the database from establishment to March 2017,the related literatures about preoperative glucose pretreatment and prognosis of patients with digestive tract malignant tumor were collected.Revman5.3 software was used to perform Meta analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials(606 patients)who met the inclusion criteria.Results Compared with the traditional fasting and non drinking group,the preoperative subjective discomfort of the preoperative group was significantly reduced(SMD = -1.29,95%CI = -2.00--0.59,P = 0.000 3), postoperative insulin resistance was significantly reduced(SMD=-1.92,95%CI=-2.68--1.16,P<0.01), postoperative blood glucose concentration,insulin concentration increased,and no vomiting and aspiration occur in any patient as shown by the literature.Conclusion In the patients with malignant tumor of digestive tract, perioperative nutrition support and pretreatment show significant clinical benefits,preoperative subjective comfort improves,the risk of aspiration does not increase significantly,postoperative insulin resistance decreases.It is proved that preoperative carbohydrate pretreatment is effective and safe in the operation of domestic digestive tract cancer.
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Objective To discuss medicine using regularity of TCM treatment for hypothyroidism. Methods Articles in the CNKI from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2013 were searched. Articles about TCM treatment for hypothyroidism were screened for the establishment of database. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the frequency of main medicine, composing principle, and combination of new medicine in the articles. Results Totally 150 cases of prescriptions about hypothyroidism were screened, which involved 178 Chinese herbal medicines. Poria in the prescriptions appears with the highest frequency;Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Poria have the highest frequency of medicinal pair. 14 core combinations and 7 new combinations were obtained through evolution. Conclusion Most doctors’ TCM treatment for hypothyroidism in CNKI is to replenish qi to invigorate the spleen, warm the kidney to tonify yang, and excrete water and dampness.
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Objective To investigate the change expression levels of secreted frizzled related protein 5 (SFRP5) mRNA and protein in human adipose,and muscle tissues and the relationship between SFRP5 and insulin resistance in different glucose tolerance subjects.Methods Twelve type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients and 12 aged and sex-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled.T2DM patients were diagnosed by1999 WHO criterion.Under the same conditions,the omental adipose and muscle tissues from these patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were obtained.Expressions of sfrp5 protein and mRNA in adipose and muscle tissues were determined by semi—quantitive RT-PCR and Western blot while body height,weight,waist circumference,hipcircumference,blood pressure,lipodemia,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,glycosylated hemoglobin,fasting serum insulin(FINS),HOMA-β,HOMA-insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) etc were investigated.Results 1.SBP,TG,FPG,2 h PG,Fins,HOMA-IR,HbA1C were significantly higher in T2DM groups than in the control group.2.The expressions of SFRP5 mRNA and protein in omental adipose tissues were significantly higher inT2DM group than in the control group(P ＜ 0.01).3.The level of SFRP5 mRNA and protein expressions were higher in omental adipose tissue than in the muscle tissues.Conclusions The fact that mRNA and protein expression level of SFRP5 was higher in adipose tissue than in muscle indicates adipose tissue may be the main source of SFRP5.The expressions of SFRP5 mRNA and protein were higher inT2DM group than in the control group indicates sfrp5 may play a role in insulin resistance.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cell growth,differentiation,apoptosis and tumor occurrence and play an important role in regulation.Many studies show that miRNAs can regulate the expression of target gene,which is associated closely with the occurrence,development,chemosensitivity and prognosis of colorectal cancer.Detection of miRNAs is expected to formulate more detailed individualized chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients and improve their prognosis.
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The abnormal activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-proiein kinase B (Akt) pathway has already been confirmed to be closely related to the origin and development of various tumors.PI3KAkt pathway plays an important role in development of colon cancer,it can regulate cell survival,proliferation,anti-apoptosis,cell cycle progression,etc.Furthermore,inhibition of this pathway may play a potential roll in oncotherapy.
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Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that there are several markers that can be used to recognize cancer stem cell, such as cell surface marker, enzymatic marker,gene expression marker and some functional markers. Cancer stem cell is characterized by multidrug resistance, enhanced DNA repair and antiapoptotic ability ,and some in vivo niche features that may make cancer cells resistant to conventional therapy.The increasing understanding of aberrantly expressed molecules and signaling pathways in TSC may provide the theoretical foundation for designing of target therapeutic strategies for TSC.
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Objective To compare the short-term results of rectal cancer treated either by laparoscopic or open total mesorectal excision(TME). Methods A series of 165 unselected consecutive patients with rectal cancer from August 2002 to December 2005, who decided to accept the laparoscopic or open TME, were included in this study. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: length of the surgical specimen, distance between the distal incisal edge of the rectum and the inferior margin of the tumor, the number of the lymph nodes resected, local recurrence rate, incidence of distant metastases, and 2 year survival rate. The mean follow-up period for both groups was 26.9 months (range, 6-46 months). Results Demographic data and Dukes stage were matched in two groups. The mean length of the resected specimens was 24.4 cm in the laparoscopic TEM group and 25.2 cm in the open TEM group. The distance from the distal incisal edge of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor was 2.9 cm in the laparoscopic TEM group and 2.7 cm in the open TEM group, and the mean number of lymph nodes scavenged was 11.5 in the laparoscopic TEM group and 10.6 in the open TEM group. The local recurrence rate after laparoscopic resection was 9.6%, as compared with 11% after open resection. Distant metastases occurred in 11.5% of the patients in the laparoscopic group, whereas it was 14.6% in the open group. Two year survival rate was 85.7% and disease free survival was 76.2% after laparoscopic resection and compared to 78.8% and 69.7% after open resection. All above parameters did not show statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion The oncologic resection and the early outcomes are comparable between the two surgical approaches.
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Objective To introduce telomeres, telomerase and their expression in gastric carcinoma. Methods The related literatures were collected and reviewed.Rsults In summary, telomerase activity could be detected in 85%-90% of gastric cancer. Moreover, the patient with telomerase-positive tumors showed poorer prognosis than those with telomerase-negative tumours, indicating that telomerase-positive gastric cancer might have more malignant potential. Conclusion Knowledge of telomerase activity in gastric cancer may be useful in cancer diagnosis, as well as a prognostic indicator of clinical outcome. Future development of drugs aimed at telomerase inhibition may potentially provide a therapy with relatively less side effects.
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Objective To study the angiogenesis of colorectal tumors and the metastasis, and the relationsthip between microvessel with metastasis. Methods 15 colorectal tumors with lymph node and liver metastasis, 20 colorectal tumors without metastasis, and 20 nomal mucosa were studied imunohistochemically for microvessels quantitation. Results The mean vascular density (MVD) in colorectal tumors (56.17±8.31) and liver metastasis (94.26±10.46) were significantly higher than that in nomal mucosa (21.36±5.20)(P<0.01), the MVD in colorectal with metastas (90.27±7.16) were significantly higher than that in colorectal without metastasis (51.67±8.31) (P<0.01). Conclusions MVD can be used to evaluat the metastasis and as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients.
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Objective To explore the relationship between angiogenesis and tumor metastasis and prognosis by studying the angiogen esis in colorectal carcinoma tissues and metastasized tissues. Me thods The microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of vascular endo thelial growth factor (VEGF) were studied with immunohistochemical assays in 15 samples of colorectal carcinoma with lymph node and liver metastasis, 20 specime ns of colorectal carcinoma without metastasis. Normal rectal mocosal tissues wer e taken from 10 cases of colorectal carcinoma with metastasis and 10 without.Re sults The MVD was obviously higher in the cases of colorectal carcinoma with or without metastasis than in normal rectal tissues, and that in those wit h metastasis was higher than that of those without. The MVD was significantly hi gher in those positive to VEGF staining than those negative in colorectal carcin oma tissues and metastasized tumors. Conclusion The MVD and VEG F expression can be regarded as indexes for tumor metastasis and prognosis in co lorectal carcinoma.