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Objective:The risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive cirrhosis patients were screened based on commonly used laboratory indexes for the purpose of establishing a predictive model and the prediction efficacy of established model was validated in a validation patient cohort.Methods:The clinical data of 661 male patients with HBV-positive cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) and 694 male patients with HBV-positive HCC admitted to the First Hospital of China Medical University from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, age and complete blood count,liver function index (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase,glutamine transpeptidase,total protein, prealbumin, total bile acid, total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,cholinesterase), HBV markers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), fibrinogen,calcium were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of HCC. The prediction model of high risk HCC ( P<0.05) was constructed and validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Results:There was significant difference in complete blood count, liver function index, HBV core antibody, HBV core antibody IgM, alpha-fetoprotein, fibrinogen, calcium between the two groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that calcium ( OR=35.770,95% CI 13.39-99.304),HBV core antibody ( OR=0.878,95% CI 0.816-0.944), AFP ( OR=1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.003), fibrinogen ( OR=1.369, 95% CI 1.202-1.564) were the independent risk factors for HCC ( P<0.05), and were used for the nomogram. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.750 (95% CI 0.720-0.781) and the AUC of the validation group was 0.752 (95% CI 0.705-0.798). Conclusions:Based on calcium, hepatitis B virus core antibody, AFP, fibrinogen, a nomogram of the HCC is established and verified by ROC curve, which could be used to predict the risk of HBV-positive HCC.
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Objective:To investigate the efficiency of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and international human immunodeficiency virus dementia scale (IHDS) in asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) and human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia (HAD) screening among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:According to the exclusion criteria, 210 HIV-infected MSM and 84 HIV-negative MSM were recruited from the First Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang from December 2016 to December 2018. In this cross-sectional study, the MoCA and IHDS were performed among all HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM, and their efficiency in ANI and HAD screening were analyzed. Student t-test, one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:HIV-positive MSM had lower total scores of MoCA and IHDS [(26.04±3.41) and (11.15±1.44)] than HIV-negative controls [(27.58±1.85) and (11.67±0.52)] ( t =-4.970 and -4.542, respectively, both P<0.01). The differences of MoCA and IHDS total scores of HIV-infected patients with different cognitive functions were statistically significant ( F=117.982 and 49.291, respectively, both P<0.05). The proportions of patients with MoCA<26 points and IHDS≤10 points were statistically significant ( χ2=115.917 and 70.155, respectively, both P<0.05). In ANI screening, the cut-off of MoCA<26 points showed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 91%, Youden index was 0.70; and the cut-off of IHDS≤11 points showed a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 75% Youden index was 0.49. In HAD screening, the cut-off of MoCA<24 points showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 87%, Youden index was 0.75; and the cut-off of IHDS≤10 points showed a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 87%, Youden index was 0.55. Conclusion:The MoCA is prefered to the IHDS in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders screening among MSM population, and its cut-off score should be set for the purpose to screen different degrees of cognitive impairment.
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Objective:To investigate the in-stent thrombosis after carotid artery stenting revealed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its possible risk factors.Methods:Consecutive patients with carotid artery stenosis underwent carotid artery stenting and intraoperative OCT between January 2015 and December 2019 were selected through the Stroke Registration Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. The clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded, OCT images were analyzed, and postoperative in-stent thrombosis was observed. At the same time, OCT image features such as plaque calcification, thin fiber cap, stent apposition, plaque prolapse and microdissection were collected. The risk factors for in-stent thrombosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 63 patients were included. OCT showed that 17 of them (23.3%) had in-stent thrombosis. Perioperative vascular events occurred in 4 patients due to in-stent thrombosis. One of them was more serious. There were no perioperative vascular events in the in-stent non-thrombosis group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that microdissection was an independent risk factor for in-stent thrombosis after carotid artery stenting (odds ratio 5.439, 95% confidence interval 1.102-26.837; P=0.038). Conclusions:OCT can reveal in-stent thrombosis after carotid artery stenting, which was associated with perioperative vascular events, and microdissection was one of the possible causes of in-stent thrombosis.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the CD 8 +T cells results of clinical automatic analysis platform and the CD8lowT and CD8highT cell subsets.Methods A total of 1316 cases of lymphocyte and flow cytometry data were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from December 2015 to September 2016 by cross-sectional study. There were 287 cases of malignant tumor , 389 cases of autoimmune disease , 320 healthy people and 320 cases of HIV infection , then to get automatic analysis platform returns result of CD 8+T cell.FlowJo software was used to analyze the CD8low T and CD8high T lymphocyte subsets in the patients , and the results were compared with the results of CD8 +T cells returned by the clinical automatic analysis platform .Results The results of clinical returns CD8 +T cells were consistent with the results of CD 8high T cells in patients with different diseases , and were not exactly the same as the results of CD8lowT cells, and the difference was as follows:the results of CD8low T cells in HIV-infected patients were significantly lower than those of healthy people (56.2 ±42.0, 68.8 ± 45.9, cells/μl P<0.001), which were different from the clinical results of CD 8 +T cells.The results of clinical report of CD8 +T cells were statistically correlated with CD8high T cells and CD8low T cells, and the correlation between CD8 +T cells and CD8highT were higher than that of CD8lowT cells.There was a positive correlation between CD8low T cell count and CD4 +T cell count ( r=0.204, P<0.001) .CD8low T was significantly higher in patients on antiviral treatment than that in untreated group (58.3 ±43.9, 42.9 ± 26.5, cells/μl, P<0.001).After treatment for more than 2 years, the CD8lowT cells in patients with CD4<500 cells/μl were significantly lower than those in patients with CD 4>500 cells/μl (50.1 ±47.0, 66.3 ±46.6, cells/μl, P<0.001).Conclusions The clinical report of CD8 +T cells was consistent with the results of CD8highT cells, and there was a great difference between the results of CD 8lowT cells and the results of CD8 +T cells.CD8low T cells were significantly reduced in HIV infected patients , and CD8low T cells could be effectively reconstructed by antiviral therapy .
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Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognosis of older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV )-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART ) in China .Methods This study was carried out in a retrospective cohort of HIV-infected patients initiated ART between January 2004 and December 2012 at The First Affiliated Hospital ,China Medical University .The patients were enrolled and divided into two groups ,including <50 years group (young and middle-aged group) and≥50 years group (older group) .Immunological and virological responses and mortality were analyzed . Data were analyzed by t test ,chi-square test ,two-way analysis of variance and log-rank test .Results Totally 291 subjects were included ,among whom 97 subjects were older patients and 194 subjects were young and middle-aged patients .Male was predominate in both groups ,which accounted for 91 .8％ and 87 .6％ ,respectively .The CD4+ T lymphocyte count in the older group before treatment was (151 .9 ±96 .2) cells /μL ,which was significantly lower than that in the young and middle-aged group (183 .4 ± 93 . 5) cells/μL (t= 2 .657 , P=0 .009) .At month 12 of treatment ,the CD4+ T lymphocyte count in the older group was significantly lower than that in the young and middle-aged groups (t= 2 .120 , P=0 .035) ,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at month 24 (t=1 .025 ,P=0 .299) .The percentage of CD4+ T lymphocyte count increasing to 500 cells/μL in the older and youth groups during follow-up were 11 .3％ and 16 .0％ ,respectively (χ2=1 .127 ,P =0 .376) .Log-rank analysis showed that the mean times of virus inhibition in older group and young and middle-aged group were 7 .9 (95％ CI:6 .8-8 .5) and 7 .6 (95％ CI:6 .5 -9 .3) ,respectively ,with no statistically significant difference (χ2 =0 .002 , P=0 .961) .Virological failure was reported in 4 patients (4 .1％ ) in older group and 11 patients (5 .7％ ) in young and middle-aged group . Chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0 .15 , P= 0 .78) .During follow-up , 19 .6％ (19/97) in older group and 3 .6％ (7/194) in young and middle-aged group died .The former was significantly higher than the latter (χ2 = 21 .113 , P< 0 .01 ) .Conclusions Older patients show a poor immunologic response ,similar viral suppression and higher risk of mortality compared with young and middle-aged patients . Future research should be aimed at the feasible and specific strategy for early diagnosis and timely treatment for older patients to improve treatment efficacy and reduce mortality .
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Objective To analyze and reveal the distribution,research hotspots and study trend of worldwide published articles correlated with HIV/AIDS post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP),and provide information for related studies in China.Methods CiteSpace software 5.1 was used to visualize all related papers in the web of science database published during 2000-2017.Results The average growth rate of international PEP-related papers was 10.78％,and number of published papers in 2016 was highest (n=34),relevant research hotspots have shifted from the prevention of occupational HIV exposure to the prevention of non-occupational HIV exposure in group at high risk,such as MSM,in recent years.Clustering analysis classified research hotspots into three categories,including risk reduction through enhanced intervention,current status of global HIV PEP and German-Austrian Recommendation.Conclusions Non-occupational HIV PEP in groups at high-risk,especially MSM,has received increasing attention in recent years,the research of PEP mainly focus on improving the awareness and use of PEP in MSM and compliance in the course of medication.In the context of severe HIV epidemic in MSM without effective control in China,PEP should be strengthened to assess and explore the risk of HIV infection in MSM to provide reference for medical personnel and related departments to implement HIV non-occupation exposure blockade and formulate PEP medication.
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Objective To analyze and reveal the distribution,research hotspots and study trend of worldwide published articles correlated with HIV/AIDS post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP),and provide information for related studies in China.Methods CiteSpace software 5.1 was used to visualize all related papers in the web of science database published during 2000-2017.Results The average growth rate of international PEP-related papers was 10.78％,and number of published papers in 2016 was highest (n=34),relevant research hotspots have shifted from the prevention of occupational HIV exposure to the prevention of non-occupational HIV exposure in group at high risk,such as MSM,in recent years.Clustering analysis classified research hotspots into three categories,including risk reduction through enhanced intervention,current status of global HIV PEP and German-Austrian Recommendation.Conclusions Non-occupational HIV PEP in groups at high-risk,especially MSM,has received increasing attention in recent years,the research of PEP mainly focus on improving the awareness and use of PEP in MSM and compliance in the course of medication.In the context of severe HIV epidemic in MSM without effective control in China,PEP should be strengthened to assess and explore the risk of HIV infection in MSM to provide reference for medical personnel and related departments to implement HIV non-occupation exposure blockade and formulate PEP medication.
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Objective:To study the changes of NKG2C/NKG2A expressed on T cells in HIV chronically infected individuals and HAART-treatment AIDS patients and the relationship with disease progression of HIV. Methods: We collected peripheral blood from HIV chronically infected individuals,HAART-treatment AIDS patients and healthy human and used the flow cytometry by staining fluorescent antibody to detect the NKG2C/NKG2A receptors expressed on T cells. Results:NKG2C+,NKG2A+ and NKG2C+NKG2A-expressed on T cells in HIV chronically infected individuals were significantly higher than the healthy control group ( P=0. 025,P=0. 032,P=0. 029),while in HAART-treatment AIDS patients were significantly lower than that in HIV chronically infected individuals (P=0. 033,P=0. 037,P=0. 018),returned to the normal levels with no significant difference compared with the healthy control group. The absolute number of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV chronically infected individuals was negative correlation with T cells which expressing NKG2A+,NKG2C+NKG2A+ and NKG2C-NKG2A+( r=-0. 697,P<0. 000 1;r=-0. 463,P=0. 015;r=-0. 693,P<0. 000 1). What was more,the absolute number of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes had positive correlation with the ratio of NKG2C and NKG2A expressed on T cells receptor in HIV chronically infected individuals(r=0. 476,P=0. 012). Conclusion:Studying the expression of NKG2C and NKG2A receptors on T cell has great significance in HIV infected individuals, which may provide a scientific basis for clinical prognosis of HIV infection.
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Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning management on the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and Cx43 in a rat abdominal skin flap model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Eighteen male adult SD rats,weight ranged from 220-250 g,were randomly divided into three groups:sham group (SH),ischemia-reperfusion group (IR) and hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning group (HBO).All the rats in HBO group received hyperbaric oxygen treatment twice each day,apart 12 hours,during the last three days before operation.Abdominal skin flap with superficial epigastric artery as pedicle was established.In HBO and IR group,3 hours of ischemia was performed.On the 3rd postoperative day,samples were taken to assess the expression of MMP-9,MMP-2 and Cx43 by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results Compared with IR group,the expression of Cx43 was significantly increased (IR 15.03±3.66;HBO 36.01±4.12) and the ex pression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was decreased (MMP 2:IR 12.01±1.23;HBO 5.98±1.48;MMP9:IR 16.77±2.01;HBO 11.48±1.77).Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning for the rat abdominal skin flap model of ischemia-reperfusion injury has inhibitory effect on the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2,and stimulative effect on the expression of Cx43.
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Objective:To detect the expression of BTLA on Treg cells of HIV-infected patients and investigate the role of BTLA in HIV infection.Methods: Forty-four HIV-1-infected patients (twenty-four early HIV infection,fourteen chronic HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T counts> 200 cells/μl,AIDS patients with CD4+T counts<200 cells/μl) and nine healthy people served as normal controls were selected to detect the expression of BTLA on Treg cells by flow cytometry.The correlations between BTLA expression on Treg cells and disease progression or immune activation were studied.Results: There was a higher percentage of BTLA on Treg cells in chronic HIV patients and AIDS patients than that in early HIV infected patients(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of BTLA on Treg cells in AIDS patients was higher than that in normal controls(P<0.05).The expression of BTLA on Treg cells was negatively correlated with CD4+T lymphocyte counts and positively correlated with viral load (P<0.001,P<0.01).The percentage of BTLA on Treg cells was positively correlated with CD4+CD38+T lymphocytes and CD4+HLA-DR+T lymphocytes(P<0.001,P<0.001).Conclusion: Increased BTLA expression on HIV-infected Treg cells is associated with disease progression,suggesting that it may accelerate disease progression by enhancing Treg cells inhibitory function and may provide intervention information for HIV infection in the future.
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Objective To investigate the acceptability and related factors of an "on-demand"pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV transmission among MSM in Shenyang.Methods MSM recruited by non-probability sampling method and questionnaire survey conducted by investigators to collect information on social and behavioral characteristics,awareness of PrEP,Truvada and the acceptability of two different PrEP-based trials.Multivariate logistic regression was employed for statistical analysis.Results Among the 292 respondents,34.2％ had heard of PrEP and 58.2％ (170/292) reported were interested in participating a PrEP trial-"on-demand" use or 48.3％ (141/292) interested on "daily" use (x2=5.785,P=0.02).Factors independently associated with those "on-demand" would include:having more than 2 male sexual partners during the past 6 month (aOR=1.7,95％CI:1.1-2.7),concerning on the positive effect of PrEP (vs.side effects) (aOR=6.4,95％CI:2.2-18.9),having an HIV-infected sexual partners (aOR=8.1,95％ CI:1.0-63.3) and self-reported high risk for HIV (aOR=2.6,95％CI:1.2-6.0).The last two factors were only associated with the "on-demand" group.Conclusions "On-demand" PrEP (as opposed to daily) seemed a more feasible prevention strategy on HIV and particularly in those having high risk behavior of HIV.For those who could not follow the daily medication or having HIV risk perception,"On-demand" basis PrEP trial should be recommended for them to follow.
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Objective To investigate the acceptability and related factors of an "on-demand"pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV transmission among MSM in Shenyang.Methods MSM recruited by non-probability sampling method and questionnaire survey conducted by investigators to collect information on social and behavioral characteristics,awareness of PrEP,Truvada and the acceptability of two different PrEP-based trials.Multivariate logistic regression was employed for statistical analysis.Results Among the 292 respondents,34.2％ had heard of PrEP and 58.2％ (170/292) reported were interested in participating a PrEP trial-"on-demand" use or 48.3％ (141/292) interested on "daily" use (x2=5.785,P=0.02).Factors independently associated with those "on-demand" would include:having more than 2 male sexual partners during the past 6 month (aOR=1.7,95％CI:1.1-2.7),concerning on the positive effect of PrEP (vs.side effects) (aOR=6.4,95％CI:2.2-18.9),having an HIV-infected sexual partners (aOR=8.1,95％ CI:1.0-63.3) and self-reported high risk for HIV (aOR=2.6,95％CI:1.2-6.0).The last two factors were only associated with the "on-demand" group.Conclusions "On-demand" PrEP (as opposed to daily) seemed a more feasible prevention strategy on HIV and particularly in those having high risk behavior of HIV.For those who could not follow the daily medication or having HIV risk perception,"On-demand" basis PrEP trial should be recommended for them to follow.
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Objective:To study the changes of the NKT like cells after HIV infected. Methods:We collected peripheral blood from 47 untreated HIV infected individuals and 31 healthy controls,and analyzed the expression of Annexin-V,Ki-67,HLA-DR and other surface molecules in NKT like cells by flow cytometry. Results:The NKT like cell percentage of untreated HIV infected group was (3. 03±1. 61)%,the NKT like cell percentage of normal control group was (8. 30±7. 42)%,the percentage of NKT like cells in HIV infected individuals was significantly lower than the healthy controls ( P<0. 05 );the NKT like cell HLA-DR expression of untreated HIV infected group and normal control group were (5. 40±4. 10)% and (0. 89±0. 83)%,the NKT like cell Annexin-V expression of untreated HIV infected group and normal control group were (30. 21±13. 15)% and (5. 40±8. 05)% ,and the activation and apoptosis of NKT like cells was significantly higher after HIV infection compared with health individuals (P<0. 001,P<0. 01),the degree of activation was negatively correlated with CD4 count (r=-0. 885 7,P<0. 05);and the NKT like cell Ki-67 expression of untreated HIV infected group and normal control group were (11. 15±4. 76)% and (27. 63±18. 31)%,the proliferation ability was significantly lower after HIV infection compared with healthy controls(P<0. 05). Conclusion:HIV infection can significantly reduce the number of NKT like cells and its ability to proliferate,and increase its ability to activation and apoptosis.
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Objective:To better understand the changes of the NKT like cells after HIV infection and HAART treatment.Methods: Peripheral blood from HIV-infected individuals, HAART-treatment AIDS patients and healthy controls were collected, the expression of CD57 and the proliferation ability of NKT like cells before and after HAART were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:We found that the percentage of NKT like cells before HAART was significantly lower than the healthy controls ( P<0.01 ) , and recovered after HAART treatment ( P<0.05 );the aging of NKT like cells was significantly higher before HAART compared with health individuals (P<0.01),and recovered after HAART treatment(P<0.05)the proliferation was significantly lower in vitro before HAART compared with healthy controls,and partial recovered after HAART.Conclusion: After HAART treatment,the number of NKT like cells,CD57 expression and the proliferation ability of HIV infected patients were restored.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to establish a rat model of thromboembolism for the study of hemorrhag -ic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( rtPA) . Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation , a cerebral embolism, and an rtPA group.Thrombus was prepared in vitro with the rat femoral artery blood and injected into the internal carotid artery of the rats in the cerebral embolism and rtPA groups to es -tablish a model of embolic focal cerebral ischemia , while the animals of the sham operation group injected with BSA .Five hours later , the rats in the rtPA group received rtPA and those in the cerebral embol-ism and sham operation groups the injection of isotonic saline solu-tion.At 24 hours after embolus injection , the neurological deficit score was obtained .The rats were sacrificed after cardiac perfusion and their brains removed for triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining , assessment of the infarct volume and cerebral edema , and calculation of the hemorrhage volume by spectrophotometric hemoglobin assay . Results The hemorrhage volume was significantly higher in the rtPA than in the cerebral embolism group ([17.55 ±2.20] μL vs [3.82 ±0.86] μL, P<0.01), but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the infarct volume ([29.29 ±4.204] %vs [27.89 ±3.91] %, P=0.810), cerebral edema ([12.43 ±1.66] % vs [7.13 ±2.04] %,P=0.063 2), and neurological deficit score (3.35 ±0.27 vs 2.80 ±0.28, P=0.174). Conclusion The rat model of thromboembolism, with a high stability and reproducibility , can be used for the pathogenesis-related studies of hemorrhagic transformation after thromboly-sis with rtPA.
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Objective To clarify the diagnostic value of oblique axial scan parallel to the course of the anterior talofibular ligament in magnetic resonance imaging of anterior talofibular ligament in patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods 96 patients with ankle injury who were admitted into our hospital form June 2010 to March 2015 were examed with oblique axial scan beside the routine axial magnetic res-onance imaging examination. The grade of the anterior talofibular ligament injury and confirmed full-length views of the anterior talofibular lig-ament were analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists ( with more than 5 years experience) , and associated lesions were also checked. Re-sults The full-length view of the anterior talofibular ligament was checked in 69 patients (71. 8%) through the routine axial view and it was checked in 93 patients (96. 9%) through the oblique axial scan view. Anterior talofibular ligament injury was checked in 71 patients through the oblique axial scan, which was 19 patients more than that through the routine axial. Conclusion An additional oblique axial scan is use-ful in evaluation of anterior talofiibular ligament in patients with ankle injury.
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Objective Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may give rise to neurodisorder.This study aimed to investigate the effect of intranasal delivery of nerve growth factor ( NGF) on neuroinflammation following TBI and its action mechanism in rats. Methods Thirty-six male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into a sham , a TBI, and a TBI+NGF group.The rats in the TBI +NGF group were treated with NGF intranasally at 12 and 24 hours after TBI.The levels of IL-1βand TNF-αin the injured cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA , the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB evaluated by EMSA , and the expres-sion of amyloid-β( Aβ42 ) determined by Western blot . Results NGF attenuated the inflammation following TBI .Compared with the TBI group, the level of IL-1βwas obviously decreased in the TBI +NGF group at 12 hours (70.65 ±3.10 vs 37.51 ±1.92) and 24 hours (68.85 ±8.10 vs 36.23 ±2.99, P<0.05), and so was that of TNF-α(47.12 ±7.38 vs 27.63 ±5.77 and 56.15 ±11.20 vs 29.94 ±8.62, P<0.05).The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was reduced to 111.62 ±0.49 and 131.52 ±0.88, and the expression of Aβ42 to 0.23 ±0.008 and 0.52 ±0.004 at 12 and 24 hours respectively after treatment with NGF , both with statistically significant differences from the TBI group (P<0.05). Conclusion Intranasal administration of NGF attenuates TBI-induced neuroinflamma-tion in rats, which may be associated with its regulatory effect on the Aβ42/NF-κB signaling pathway .
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Objective To investigate the different effects of internal and external biliary drainage on the levels of TNF-α,NO in blood serum and NO,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in gastric mucosa with obstructive jaundice and explore the mechanism of gastric mucosa damage and compare the quality of internal and external drainage.Methods To establish the animal model:one hundred male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups:obstructive jaundice for 7 days group (OJ-7 d group),obstructive jaundice for 14 days (OJ-14 d group),internal biliary drainage group(ID group),external drainage group(ED group)and sham operation group(SH group).The OJ-7 group rats were executed 7 days after the first operation,the rest four groups were executed 7 days after the secondary surgery,leaving serum and gastric mucosa.Tested the levels of INF-α,NO in blood serum and NO,iNOS in gastric mucosa and did pathological biopsy of gastric mucosa.Results The levels of TNF-α,NO in blood serum and NO,iNOS in gastric mucosa significantly increased in OJ-7 group.The levels of TNF-α,NO in blood serum and NO,iNOS in gastric mucosa continued to rise in OJ-14 group,and was significantly higher than OJ-7 group,the gastric mucosa was obviously impaired.The levels of TNF-α,Internal drainage can significantly NO in blood serum and NO,iNOS in gastric mucosa were significantly lower in ID group,gastric mucosal damage significantly reduced.Conclusions After internal drainage,iNOS expression was inhited in gastric mucosal,NO production was significantly reduced,led to protect the gastric mucosa,which provide experimental basis for choice in OJ clinical treatment.
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Objective To observe the expression of Her-2/neu protein and androgen receptor (AR) in human prostate cancer and to evaluate their significances in the progression of prostate cancer. Methods The Her-2/neu protein and AR immunohistochemical stain were carried out in human prostate tissue microarray that consisted of prostate cancer (107 cases) and benign prostate tissue (42 cases). The prostate cancer cases were divided into 4 groups: group one (Gleason score 6),group two (Gleasonscore 7), group three (Gleasonscore 8) and group four (Gleasonscore 9) according to the Gleason score. The immunostains immunohistochemical stain were interpreted in two aspects of the staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells. The significance and relationships between the expression of Her-2/neu protein and AR in prostate cancer and benign prostate tissue (BPT) and the grouping of different Gleason scores of prostate cancer were then evaluated. Results The positive expression rate of Her-2/neu protein was significantly higher in prostate cancer tissue than in BPT [43.9%(47/107) vs. 14.3%(6/42), x2=11.562, P=0.009], and the positive expression intensity of Her-2/neu immunoreactivity was also higher (x2= 11.764, P=0.008). There were significant differences in positive expression intensity of Her-2/neu immunoreactivity among the different Gleason scores groups (x2 = 20. 512, P = 0. 015), and the expression intensity was significantly positively correlated with Gleason scores ( r= 0. 269, P = 0. 005). There was significant difference in AR immunoreactivity between in prostate cancer (67 %, 72/107) and in BPT (50 %, 21/42, x2 =3. 843, P=0. 050). Among prostate cancer cases, the positive expression intensity of AR was not significantly different among groups 1 through 4 (x2 = 4. 318, P = 0. 229), and was not significantly correlated with Gleason scores ( r = - 0. 065, P = 0. 505 ). Moreover, the positive expression intensity of Her-2/neu protein was not significantly correlated with that of AR (r = -0. 115, P=0. 237). Conclusions Overexpression of Her-2/neu protein in human prostate cancer tissue suggests that Her-2/neu may have some role in prostate tumorigenesis. Her-2/neu protein expression is positively correlated with Gleason score in prostate cancer, which suggests that Her-2/neu may be a potential prognostic predictor of prostate cancer.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs composed of 18-25 nucleotides,and they may play a role in gene regulation through completely or partially binding to target gene mRNA complementary sequences and make it degrade or prevent its translation.miRNAs play important roles in the onset and pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke.This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in the etiology of ischemic stroke and pathophysiological mechanisms after stroke,and the potential application of miRNAs is prospected.