Chemical Constituents from Aegle marmelos Fruits

Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) is a deciduous shrub or tree and typically known as bael throughout Southeast Asia and has been used as a medicinal plant and a food ingredient. In this study eight compounds were determined to be O-(3,3-dimethylallyl) halfordinol (1), (R)-aegeline (2), (R)-marmeline (3), imperatorin (4), xanthotoxol (5), valencic acid (6), vanillic acid (7) and rutin (8). The chemical structures of the isolates were elucidated through spectroscopic evidence including 1D, 2D NMR, ESI-Q-TOF-MS and optical rotation.

A New Coumestan Glucoside from Eclipta prostrata

Eclipta prostrata is an annual herb, belonging to Asteraceae family, and has been traditionally used to improve immunity and treat hepatitis and bacterial disease in Korea. In this study, a new coumestan glucoside (1) along with ten known compounds (2 – 11) was isolated from E. prostrata. The chemical structures of isolates were elucidated to be wedelolactone-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), wedelolactone (2), demethylwedelolactone (3), apigenin (4), apigenin-7-sulfate (5), luteolin (6), luteolin-7-sulfate (7), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), pratensein-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10) and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (11) based on the spectroscopic evidence.

Isolation of Phytochemicals from Salvia plebeia Using Countercurrent Chromatography Coupled with Reversed-phase HPLC

Salvia plebeia R. Br. is a plant which has been used as an edible crop and traditional medicine in Asian countries. In this study, HPLC-PDA analysis and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) coupled with reversed-phase (RP) HPLC method were applied to isolate ten isolates from 3.3 g of n-butanol soluble extract from hot-water extract of S. plebeia. The use of CCC enabled us to efficiently fractionate the starting material with less sample loss and facilitate the isolation of compounds from S. plebeia extract using RP-HPLC. The isolates were determined to be caffeic acid (1), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (2), eudebeiolide B (3), (R)-rosmarinic acid (4), homoplantaginin (5), eudebeiolide D (6), plebeiolide C (7), salpleflavone (8), eupafolin (9) and hispidulin (10) based on the spectroscopic evidence.

Experience of Depression regarding Psychosocial Factors in Middle-class Korea Workers: Comparison of Life Cycle Analysis / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify and compare the risk factors of depression among middle-class Korean workers. @*Methods@#A cross sectional study was designed for secondary data analysis. From the 8th Korean Medical Panel Survey (2008~2013), a total of 3,056 data was drawn and analyzed. With SPSS version 24, a developmental stage comparison, with the stage being young adults (20~39), middle-aged adults (40~64), and older adults (65+) were conducted. Frequency, percentage, x 2 test and logistic regression analysis were statistical tools used to analyze the data. @*Results@#In all developmental groups, experience of frustration was found to be a common risk factor of depression. Stress from excessive task, peer-compared subjective health status, and self-perceived social class were risk factors of depression in the young adults and the middle-aged adults. Anxiety for the future significantly influenced depression in the middle-aged adults and older adults. @*Conclusion@#Experience of frustration was a major risk factor of depression among Korean middle-class workers. Interventions to reduce depression need to be developed focusing on the specific risk factors by developmental stages such as experience of frustration, stress from task burden, poor peer-compared subjective health status and anxiety for the future.

A New Coumestan Glucoside from Eclipta prostrata

Eclipta prostrata is an annual herb, belonging to Asteraceae family, and has been traditionally used to improve immunity and treat hepatitis and bacterial disease in Korea. In this study, a new coumestan glucoside (1) along with ten known compounds (2 – 11) was isolated from E. prostrata. The chemical structures of isolates were elucidated to be wedelolactone-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), wedelolactone (2), demethylwedelolactone (3), apigenin (4), apigenin-7-sulfate (5), luteolin (6), luteolin-7-sulfate (7), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), pratensein-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10) and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (11) based on the spectroscopic evidence.

A Case of Congenital Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis on the Right Heel / 대한피부과학회지

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) is a rare skin disease that is characterized by the ectopic presence of mature adipose tissue in the dermis. There are two clinical variants. The first type is multiple lesions with a zonal distribution, and this is usually seen on the buttocks or lower back area. The lesions are seen at birth or they develop within the first three decades of life. The second type is the solitary papule or nodule with a less restricted distribution and this occurs during the third to sixth decades of life. We report here on a case of a 13-year-old female who presented with an asymptomatic solitary 3x4 cm sized slightly erythematous elevated winkled mass on the right heel since birth, and the lesion gradually increased in size. The lesion showed the histopathological features of NLCS.

A Case of Pilar Sheath Acanthoma which Originated from Outer Root Sheath / 대한피부과학회지

Pilar sheath acanthoma is a rare, benign follicular hamartoma commonly affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. It is characterized by a small, solitary, skin-colored papule situated on the head and neck, particularly around the upper lip. The lesion shares some features with trichofolliculoma and dilated pore of Winer, so it should be differentiated from these. Cytokeratin (CK) is a useful marker for studying the origin of epithelial tumors. We report a case of pilar sheath acanthoma which originated from outer root sheath using CK.

The Effect of 0.5% Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate on a Venous Lake Lesion

BACKGROUND: A venous lake lesion is a venous ectasia that occurs on the exposed skin of elderly people. Although a number of therapies such as surgical excision, laser therapy, infrared coagulation, cryotherapy and sclerotherapy have been used to treat venous lakes, there is no guideline for treating this lesion. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether 0.5% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) is effective for the treatment of venous lake lesions. METHODS: Twelve patients with venous lake lesions were enrolled In this study. After proper antiseptic preparation, 0.5% STS was slowly injected into each subject's lesion, and this was followed by immediate compression for 10 minutes. RESULTS: After treatment, all of the patients' lesions cleared completely. The average number of treatments was 2.15+/-1.28. Two patients experienced mild side effects such as light pain and paresthesia, and these soon disappeared. There were no serious side effects reported during treatment. The mean follow up period was 29.58+/-13.48 months. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that sclerotherapy with 0.5% STS was quite effective for treating venous lake lesions, and this treatment caused no serious adverse effects.

A Case of Eruptive Collagenoma on the Left Calf

Eruptive collagenoma is an acquired connective tissue nevus without family history. It is typically described as numerous small papules or nodules on the trunk and arms with histopathological features of decreased or degenerated elastic fibers. We report a case of a 16-year-old male who presented with multiple asymptomatic 2 to 5 mm sized yellowish grouped papules on the left calf. Histopathologically, the lesion showed thickened homogenized collagen fibers highlighted by Masson trichrome stain and decreased and fragmented elastic fibers stained by Verhoeff-van Gieson stain. The skin lesion was diagnosed as eruptive collagenoma and no treatment was provided.

A Case of Combined Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis and Porokeratosis Type of Epidermal Nevus / 대한피부과학회지

Epidermal nevus arises from the pluripotential germinative cells in the basal layer of the embryonic epidermis. Histologically, it has a distinctive feature of hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis and acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges. Epidermal nevus also has other histological variations. We report a case of a 5-year-old male who presented with pruritic linear brownish scaly papules on the right thigh. The lesion showed histological features of combined epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and porokeratosis type of epidermal nevus.

A Case of Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma / 대한피부과학회지

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma is a rare soft tissue tumor, occurring predominately in children and young adults, with a low grade malignant potency. This tumor should not be confused with, and is not identical to, the aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma of skin. We reported a case of a 6-year-old female who presented with an asymptomatic 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm sized erythematous nodule on the left knee of 3 years duration. The lesion showed a cystic tumor surrounded by fibrous pseudocapule in the dermis and subcutis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations in the pericapsular area. The tumor consisted of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells and pseudovascular cysts. Clinical and histological findings led to the final diagnosis of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.

A Case of Spiny Keratoderma / 대한피부과학회지

Spiny keratoderma is a rare disorder and consists of multiple tiny keratotic plugs on the fingers and palms, which resemble the spines on a music box. Histopathologically, the lesions show compact columns of parakeratosis, with no granular layer beneath the column and no remarkable changes in the underlying epidermis and dermis. However, it is important to recognize that the disease is associated with internal malignancies. We report a case of spiny keratoderma in a 3-year-old girl, who had no associated underlying disorder.

Immunohistochemical Study of GLI-1 Expression in the Basal Cell Carcinoma of Sun-Exposed and Non-Exposed Areas / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent cancer in the western world, showing a rapid increase in incidence. Activation of the Sonic hedgehog/Patched (PTCH) and is sisnalling pathway, due to PTCH inactivation, is a key event in sporadic and familial BCC development in humans and is associated with transcriptional activation of specific target genes, including GLI-1. Recently, PTCH inactivation by UV-specific mutation has been reported to develop BCC. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression pattern of GLI-1 oncogene in BCC of sun-exposed and non-exposed areas of skin. METHOD: We examined 20 cases of BCC, and 4 cases of BCC occurring in sun-exposed and non-exposed areas, using an immunohistochemical method with paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. All cases of BCC showed a positive staining for GLI-1 protein. 2. In the staining pattern of GLI-1 protein, BCC in both sun-exposed and non-exposed areas showed diffuse staining throughout the tumor lobules. Moreover, the degree of staining was not found to be different between the BCC of sun-exposed and non-exposed areas. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that increased GLI-1 expression is important for BCC development. And multiple factors, including PTCH mutation due to UV irradiation, may affect GLI-1 expression.

A Case of Myolipoma on the Lip / 대한피부과학회지

Myolipoma is a rare biphasic, benign neoplasm that consists of mature adipocytes and smooth muscle cells. It is well-demarcated, with a soft to slimy yellow-white cut surface. Clinically it most often occurs within soft tissue in the abdominal cavity or retroperitoneum, but other locations such as the round ligaments, pericardium, and eyelid have been reported. We herein report a rare case of myolipoma which arose on the right upper lip area in a 68-year-old female.

A Case of Zosteriform Lichen Planus / 대한피부과학회지

Lichen planus is a lichenoid disorder characterized by shiny, flat topped papules. In addition to the classical appearance, there are several variants. Zosteriform lichen planus is a rare variant of lichen planus, which can be differentiated from linear lichen planus by not linear, but zosteriform distriburion. We herein present a case of zosteriform lichen planus in a 28-year-old man with pruritic, grouped, erythematous to brownish papules in zosteriform arrangement on the right flank for 4 months. He had no history of any previous skin disease.

A Case of Nevus Sebaceus associated with Tubular Apocrine Adenoma and Apocrine Poroma / 대한피부과학회지

Nevus sebaceus is a hamartoma that combines epidermal, follicular, sebaceous, and apocrine gland abnormalities. It mostly occurs on the scalp or face and shows characteristically well demarcated yellowish patches or plaque. Clinically several types of cutaneous neoplasms including syringocystadenoma papilliferum, basal cell carcinoma, nodular hidradenoma, syringoma, sebaceous epithelioma, trichilemmoma and apocrine neoplasms have been associated. We herein report a case of nevus sebaceus associated with tubular apocrine adenoma and apocrine poroma of a 11-year-old girl.

A Case of Vitiligo Developed on the Sites of DNCB Application in a Patient with Alopecia Areata / 대한피부과학회지

We report a case of vitiligo developed on the sites of DNCB application for the treatment of alopecia areata in a 53-year-old woman. Histopathologic studies of the depigmented patches showed absence of melanin pigmentation at the basal layer of the epidermis and a negative reaction for the Fontana-Masson stain. The current theories explaining vitiligo development after topical sensitizer application are that topical sensitizers induce the vitiligo by a direct cytotoxic effect on the melanocytes, or by unmasking latent vitiligo as a result of the Koebner phenomenon due to contact dermatitis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear.

A Case of Annular Pustular Psoriasis Localized to the Penis / 대한피부과학회지

Annular pustular psoriasis is a rare form of psoriasis characterized by gyrate, annular lesions with an erythematous, scaly, pustular margin. Although usually generalized, in some instances it appears as a localized form. We herein report a case of annular pustular psoriasis localized to the penis of a 55-year-old man. He had a 5-year history of similar lesions on the same area, but there was no evidence of other cutaneous involvement.

A Case of Cutaneous Horn Arising from Dermatofibroma

Cutaneous horn is a clinical diagnosis based upon the presence of a large protuberant mass of keratin. We report a case of cutaneous horn arising from dermatofibroma in a 31-year old woman. A silver whitish colored comical hyperkeratotic protruding lesion (1.0  0.7 cm size) from the red brown colored nodule was observed. Histopathologic findings showed characteristic findings of dermatofibroma and cutaneous horn. The lesion was removed by surgical excision.

Changes in the Expressional Levels of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-regulatory Proteins in the Postnatal Developing Rat Heart

In the present study, the postnatal developmental changes in the expressional levels of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ regulatory proteins, i.e. Ca2+-ATPase, phospholamban, and Ca2+ release channel, were investigated. Both SR Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban mRNA levels were about 35% of adult levels at birth and gradually increased to adult levels. Protein levels of both SR Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban, which were measured by quantitative immunoblotting, were closely correlated with the mRNA levels. The initial rates of Ca2+ uptake at birth were about 40% of adult rates and also increased gradually during the myocardial development. Consequently, the relative phospholamban/Ca2+-ATPase ratio was 1 in developmental hearts. Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) mRNA was about 50-60% at birth and increased gradually to adult level throughout the postnatal rat heart development. 3[H]ryanodine binding increased gradually during postnatal myocardial development, which was closely correlated with ryanodine mRNA expression levels during the development except the ryanodine mRNA level at birth. These findings indicate that cardiac SR Ca2+- ATPase, phospholamban, and Ca2+ release channel are expressed coordinately, which may be necessary for intracellular Ca2+ regulation during the rat heart development.