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Objective The objective was to look for cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide(CART) receptors or proteins interacted with CART.Methods A cDNA library from rat brain was constructed.Then the BacterioMatch two-hybrid system was used to screening for proteins interacted with CART by using CART41-102 as bait.Results The cDNA library and bait pBT-CART41-102 were constructed successfully.The library harvested 3.37?106 individuals,and the reconstruction rate was 98.5%.5.01?106 cotransformed clones were screened,93 clones were conformtively identified to interacting with CART and were DNA sequenced.By bioinformation analysis,6 known proteins interacted to CART were identified.Other unknown interaction proteins with short exactly similiar motif to 22 membraneproteins or receptors were also identified.Conclusion CART might interact to proteins for energy balance,cell proliferation and enzymes related to protein processing and degrading.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the involvement of immunoreactive-dynorphin A in the inhibitory effect of N-nitro-L-arginine on the morphine physical dependence in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were rendered dependent on morphine by subcutaneous administration of morphine solution three times daily in a manner of dose increment of 5 mg.kg(-1) for 6 days. The degree of morphine physical dependence was monitored by scoring the abstinence syndromes precipitated by 5 mg.kg(-1) naloxone of the rats. The expression levels of immunoreactive dynorphin A in tissues were determined using a radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg.kg(-1) N-nitro-L-arginine suppresses most of the withdrawal symptoms of morphine dependent rats. N-nitro-L-arginine can elevate the expression of immunoreactive dynorphin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chronic N-nitro-L-arginine administration can inhibit the development of morphine physical dependence in a manner of dose-dependence, which is significantly related to its role of regulating the endogeneous dynorphin system.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Dynorphins , Physiology , Morphine Dependence , Nitroarginine , Pharmacokinetics , Pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the content of AVP changes in brain regions and pituitary of intracerebral hemorrhagic rats before and after treatment by ? sodium aescinate. Methods: Animal model was established by injecting collagenase into left caudoputamen of adult rats. Radioimmunoassay(RIA) was performed to measure the content changes of AVP, dye wet Weight methods was used to measure the changes of water contents in brain. Results: Compared with control group, the water content was increased significantly ( P
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Objective:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) plays important roles in the maintenance and survival of motor neurons. This study attempted to explore the expression and distribution of CNTF mRNA and its protein in the ambiguous nucleus(Amb) motoneuron in order to clarify its functional state after long term laryngeal denervation. Methods: The recurrent laryngeal nerves were obtained from dogs. Brain stems were removed and sectioned for histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of CNTF. Amb motoneurons were identified by Nissl staining. The count and intensity of positive reactive motoneurons were measured by computer image processing system. Results: Transection of the laryngeal nerve led to a very marked reduction in the count and intensity of CNTF mRNA positive reactive motoneurons, and reached minimal levels at week 3. CNTF immunoreactivity increased rapidly and reached maximal levels also at week 3. At week 4, a significant increase in CNTF mRNA expression and decrease in CNTF immunoreactivity were observed. At week 6, both CNTF mRNA and its protein expression were significantly less than those of unlesioned contraletaral sides. Although a difference between week 6 and 12 was observed, the motoneurons were generally stable in the expression level of CNTF mRNA and its protein, and in the size and count after 12 weeks, with 78%, 84.4%, 80.9% and 83.7% respectively as compared with the unlesioned contralateral Amb. Conclusion: The results indicate that although degenerating changes occurre in the Amb motoneurons after long term laryngeal denervation, the ciliary neurotrophic factors activity of the lesioned motoneurons is still maintained at a certain level. [
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Oxytocinreceptor(OTR)isamemberofG -proteincoupledreceptor ,whichhasbeen foundinmanytumorsandcancercelllines .Manystudiesrevealedoxytocin(OT)mayinhibitthetumorand cancercellgrowthandproliferation ,butthemechanismofthisinhibitionisnotwellknown .Someexperiments indicatedcAMP -PKAsystemparticipatesinthesignaltransductionthatoxytocininhibitsthecancercellpro liferation .However ,otherexperimentsshowedthesignaltransductionforoxytocinintheHs5 78Tcarcinosaco macellisthesameasthatinthenormalcells .Inthisreview ,therelationshipbetweenOTRandtumorsare summarized . [
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Objective:To explore the expression and distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in laryngeal nerve degeneration and regeneration. Methods:Transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerves in 8 dogs and suture following transection in 12 cases were performed. Both proximal and distal ends of transected or sutured region were sectioned at various survival times for CNTF immunohistochemistry and CNTF mRNA in situ hybridization. The area and intensity of reactive product were measured by computer image processing system. Results:After nerve transection, reactive product of CNTF mRNA and its protein reduced rapidly in distal stumps, after neurorrhaphy, they were observed in thin Schwann cell processes ensheathing axons and not found in the proliferating Schwann cells which didn′t ensheathe axons. CNTF immunoreactivity was also detected in the regenerated nerve axons. CNTF expression increased with survival time, but even at the longest survival time, it was still significantly less than that in intact nerve. The same change was observed in a short segment proximal to the transected or sutured region. Conclusion:CNTF expression is in the down regulation and is collected with Schwann cell axon in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration. The changed distribution of CNFT might provide a supportive environment for axonal regeneration.
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Objective:To elucidate the possible role of galanin in the development of experimental depression in rats. Methods:Openfield was performed to test the behavior of rats. The changes of the galanin level in different brain areas were determined by RIA. The effect of fluoxetine hydrochloride on galanin level were observed by intraperitoneal injection. Results:Compared to control group, the crossing times and rearing times decreased significantly in depressed rats, galanin level decreased remarkably in plasma, hypothalamus, hippocampus, forebrain, parietal lobe and temporal cortex of depressed rats. Intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine hydrochloride obviously improved the depressed behavior in rats, increased the galanin level in the hippocampus and forebrain of depressed rats. Conclusion:Hippocampus and forebrain may be involved in the development of experimental depression and in the antidepressive effects of fluoxetine hydrochloride.
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The effects of electro-and chemo-stimulating (ES, CS) supraoptic nucleus (SON) on analgesia and electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia were observed using potassium inotophoresis induced tail-flick in rats. The results showed that: different electrical current (12.5 ~ 50 ?A) stimulating SON elevated the PT (P