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Objective:To evaluate the association of different biomarkers with frailty in elderly hospitalized patients.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 319 elderly patients aged 65 years or older hospitalized in Beijing Hospital between September 2018 and February 2019 were enrolled.Patients had a mean age of(75.0±6.6)years and 151(47.3%)were women.Based on the Fried phenotype, patients were divided into a non-frail group(244 cases, 76.5%)and a frail group(75 cases, 23.5%). The clinical characteristics and biomarker levels of the two groups were compared.The association of different biomarkers with frailty was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The Youden index was used for the optimal cutoff values and the area under the curve(AUC)were calculated.AUCs of different biomarkers were compared to assess their correlations with frailty.Results:Hemoglobin, lipid levels(triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and prealbumin were significantly lower in the frail group than in the non-frail group( P<0.05), while N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)levels were significantly higher than in the non-frail group( P<0.05). Thyrotropin(TSH)and free triiodothyronine(FT3)levels were significantly lower( P<0.05)and trans-triiodothyronine(rT3)was significantly higher( P<0.05)in the frail group.The combination of six biomarkers[hemoglobin, prealbumin, hsCRP, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3[25(OH)D3], rT3 and NT-pro BNP]had the most powerful correlation with frailty(AUC=0.705, 95% CI: 0.652-0.755), but the correlation was not significantly different from that of the combination of 3 markers(hemoglobin, rT3 and hsCRP)(ROC=0.010, 95% CI: -0.0106-0.0306, P>0.05). Either of the two combinations was significantly better than the combination of 2 markers(hemoglobin and rT3)(ROC=0.143, 95% CI: 0.0406-0.245; ROC=0.153, 95% CI: 0.0498-0.256; all P<0.01). Conclusions:Hemoglobin, lipids, prealbumin, TSH and FT3 levels decrease while NT-proBNP and hsCRP levels increase in elderly hospitalized frail patients.The 6-biomarker combination[hemoglobin, prealbumin, hsCRP, 25(OH)D3, rT3 and NT-pro BNP]and 3-biomarker combination(hemoglobin, rT3 and hsCRP)have better correlation with frailty than the 2-biomarker combination(hemoglobin and rT3).
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Objective:We evaluated frailty in elderly hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and analyzed the relevance, consistency, and diagnostic power of different frailty tools.Methods:From September 2018 to April 2019, a total of 197 elderly patients with atrial fibrillation aged ≥ 65 years in Beijing Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, and Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital were prospectively enrolled.Five frailty tools, including the clinical frailty scale(CFS), FRAIL scale(FRAIL), Fried frailty phenotype(Fried), Edmonton frail scale(EFS), and comprehensive geriatric assessment-frailty index(CGA-FI), were used for frailty assessment.Results:A total of 197 hospitalized elderly patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled, with an average age of(77.5±7.1)years old(57.4% male). The prevalence of frailty, according to the five frailty tools, were 25.4%(FRAIL), 27.9%(EFS), 34.5%(Fried), 40.6%(CFS), and 42.6%(CGA-FI), respectively.CFS had a good correlation(correlation coefficient 0.80)and and consistency(Kappa value 0.71, 95% CI 0.61~0.81)with CGA-FI.The combined frailty index was used as the gold standard for frailty diagnosis.The results showed that CFS and CGA-FI had high diagnostic sensitivity(95.9 % and 98.0 %, respectively)and specificity(77.7 % and 75.7 %, respectively). Conclusions:Frailty is common in elderly hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation, showing multidimensional features, and physical weakness is not prominet.CFS and CGA-FI are recommended for the assessment of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation, which had good correlation and consistency.
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Objective:To assess whether cardiac structure and function are associated with frailty in elderly inpatients.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.Inpatients aged 65 years or over, admitted to Beijing Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, were consecutively recruited from September 2018 to April 2019.A total of 925 elderly inpatients were enrolled in the study, including 285 frailty patients and 640 non-frailty patients.Frailty was assessed with the Fried frailty phenotype.Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected.The association of cardiac structure and function with frailty was analyzed.Results:Compared with the non-frailty group, the frailty group was older, had lower body mass index, and had higher rates of heart failure, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, history of stroke/transient ischemic attack, renal insufficiency, and history of falls.N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels were higher while creatinine clearance and hemoglobin levels were lower(all P<0.05); The frailty group had a larger anterior-posterior left atrial diameter[(37.8±7.1)mm vs.(36.3±5.1)mm, t=-3.134, P=0.002]and a higher proportion with the left atrial anterior posterior diameter ≥45 mm[15.8%(45/285) vs.6.1%(39/640), χ2=22.452, P<0.001], a lower left ventricular ejection fraction[(60.1±9.5)% vs.(61.9±7.5)%, t=2.817, P=0.005]and a faster peak mitral inflow velocity[(0.8±0.3)cm/s vs.(0.7±0.2)cm/s, t=-2.675, P=0.003]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the left atrial anterior posterior diameter ≥45 mm was an independent correlation factor for frailty( OR=2.249, P=0.015). Increased age( OR=1.099, P<0.001), heart failure( OR=1.786, P=0.049), history of stroke/transient ischemic attack( OR=1.960, P=0.001)and decreased hemoglobin( OR=0.984, P=0.008)were independently associated with frailty. Conclusions:The left atrial anterior posterior diameter ≥45 mm and heart failure were independently associated with frailty.Assessing cardiac structure and function and screening for cardiovascular diseases in frailty patients should be emphasized.
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Objective:To assess the correlation between frailty and cardiac autonomic nervous system function in elderly patients.Methods:Elderly hospitalized patients aged 65 years and over were enrolled and assessed for frailty by using the clinical frailty scale.Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by heart rate variability analysis through 24 h electrocardiogram recording.Results:A total of 180 elderly patients were enrolled in this study, including 66 patients with frailty and 114 patients without frailty.The mean age of the frailty group was higher than that of the non-frailty group(79.8±6.0 vs.75.0±6.3, t=5.030, P<0.001). The proportions of patients with hypertension, stroke/transient cerebral ischemia attack(TIA), heart failure and osteoarthritis were higher in the frailty group than in the non-frailty group(all P<0.05). Compared with the non-frailty group, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals(SDNN)[103.0(76.0, 121.2) vs.107.5(92.0, 136.0), Z=-2.108, P=0.035], the standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-min segments(SDANN)[86.0(67.7, 106.5) vs.97.5(78.0, 126.0), Z=-2.694, P=0.007], normalized low frequency(LFnorm)(53.1±13.0 vs.59.3±13.9, t=-3.024, P=0.003)and low frequency/high frequency(LF/HF)ratio[1.2(1.0, 1.4) vs.1.4(1.1, 1.7), Z=-3.041, P=0.002]were decreased and normalized high frequency(HFnorm)(36.8±9.2 vs.32.2±10.7, t=3.033, P=0.003)was increased in the frailty group.HFnorm in the frailty group was significantly higher than that in the non-frailty group.The incidents of SDANN<92 ms, LFnorm<50 nU, HFnorm>32 nU and LF/HF ratio<1.5 were higher in the frailty group than in the non-frailty group(59.1% or 39/66 vs.41.2% or 47/114, 42.4% or 28/66 vs.22.8% or 26/114, 72.7% or 48/66 vs.49.1% or 56/114, 84.8% or 56/66 vs.65.8% or 75/114, χ2=5.346, 7.660, 9.547, 7.664, P=0.021, 0.006, 0.002, 0.006). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that LFnorm, HFnorm and LF/HF ratio were correlated with frailty( OR=0.971, 1.039 and 0.333, all P<0.05), and HFnorm>32 nU and LF/HF ratio<1.5 were risk factors for frailty( OR=2.401 and 2.773, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Cardiac autonomic nerve system function is impaired in elderly frail patients, with the imbalance between the sympathetic and vagus nerves.Therefore particular attention should be paid to heart rate variability in elderly patients with frailty.
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Objective:To investigate the associations between serum uric acid levels during the third trimester of pregnancy and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods:In this retrospective study, a cohort of 7 995 pregnant women who were hospitalized for childbirth from January 2014 to January 2019 were collected to compare pregnancy outcomes between subjects with or without hyperuricemia (HUA). A smooth curve analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between uric acid levels and preterm delivery, low birth weight and smaller than gestational age. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the interaction of the factors.Results:During the third trimester of pregnancy, the uric acid levels of about 10% pregnant women were over 420 μmol/L. In those with HUA, the median neonatal birth weight was 2 590 (1 790, 3 410) g, the probability of premature birth was 49.81%, and the incidence of small than gestational age was 20.41%. These were significantly different from the women without HUA (the median neonatal birth weight: 3300 (2850, 3640) g; the probability of premature birth 23.09%; the incidence of small than gestational age 6.55%, respectively) (All P<0.001). Maternal uric acid levels were negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight, and positively correlated with the risk of smaller than gestational age. It has a U-shaped association with the probability of premature birth, and the lowest probability of premature birth was at 200-400 μmol/L of the uric acid. Risks of low birth weight (adjusted β=-5.22, 95% CI-6.46—-3.99) and smaller than gestational age (adjusted OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04) were increased in the function of uric acid levels. High uric acid, hypertension, oligoamnios and preeclampsia were important risk factors for the adverse pregnancy outcomes. The risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight enhanced when hyperuricemia combined with hypertension and preeclampsia. Conclusions:Serum uric acid level can be used as one of reliable markers for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes, which might provide theoretical basis for clinical intervention in practice.
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Objective:To assess the cardiac autonomic nervous function in elderly patients with frailty.Methods:Patients aged ≥ 65 years old admitted in Beijing Hospital from September 2018 to August 2019 were enrolled in this study. Clinical frailty score was used to assess the frailty. The cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by sinus heart rate turbulence analysis through 24 h electrocardiogram recording.Results:A total of 129 elderly patients were finally enrolled in this study with a mean age of (77.5±6.4) years, 58.1% of them were male. There were 53 patients in frail group and 76 patients in non-frail group. The age of the frailty group was significantly higher than that of the non-frailty group [(80.5±5.5) vs.(75.3±6.2)]; the prevalence of hypertension [84.9%(45/53)], heart failure [32.1%(17/53)] and peripheral vascular diseases [32.1%(17/53)] in the frailty group was significantly higher than that in the non-frailty group [65.8%(50/76), 1.3%(1/76), 17.1%(13/76); t=5.001, χ 2=5.879, 24.606, 3.921; all P<0.05]. Compared with non-frailty group, turbulence onset (TO) [-0.05(-0.92, 0.82)% vs. -0.74(-1.58, 0)%; Z=2.616, P=0.009] was significantly higher in frailty group, while turbulence slope (TS) [2.34(1.30, 5.00)ms/RR vs. 4.34(2.66, 6.39)ms/RR; Z=-3.048, P=0.002] was significantly lower. The rate of TO abnormality [49.1% (26/53) vs. 26.3%(20/76), χ 2=7.038, P=0.008] and TS abnormality [34.7%(29/53) vs. 21.0%(16/76); χ 2=15.579, P<0.001] in the frailty group was significantly higher than that in the non-frailty group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TO abnormality( OR=2.970, P=0.010, 95 %CI:1.300-6.785) and TS abnormality( OR=3.618, P=0.003, 95 %CI:1.565-8.364) were correlated with frailty. Conclusion:Cardiac autonomic nerve function may be impaired in elderly frail patients, and decreased vagal nerve tension may be presented.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) on body fat and visceral fat areas in patients with gout and to analyze the related risk factors.Methods:A total of 140 patients with gout eligible for enrollment were recruited from the gout clinic in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019. After 2 weeks of washout, all patients were treated with benzbromarone for consecutive 12 weeks. The data of blood biochemical, body fat (BF), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat area (VFA) were collected, and the differences before and after ULT as well as the risk factors affecting the changes of BF, BFP, and VFA were analyzed.Results:The diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum uric acid (sUA), BF, BFP, and VFA were significantly decreased after ULT ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that sUA, creatinine (Cr) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were independent risk factors affecting the improvement of BF and VFA (P<0.05). Lower serum uric acid levels in patients with gout before and after ULT indicated better improvement effect of body fat and visceral fat areas( P<0.05). Conclusion:Gout combined with hyperuricemia is closely related to visceral obesity. In addition to lowering the serum uric acid level, ULT could also benefit the body fat and visceral fat area in patients with gout to some extent.
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Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies with the highest incidence rate and mortality rate worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85%. Only 5% NSCLC patients are anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement positive NSCLC, but the prognosis of these patients is poor, and treatment is urgent. Ensartinib (X-396), a next-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI), has shown greater potency on inhibiting ALK activity and controlling brain metastases than crizotinib, which is indicated for the treatment of crizotinib-resistant, ALK-positive NSCLC patients. Several phase I to III clinical trials included both healthy volunteers and NSCLC patients have been conducted both in China and abroad. In this review, we briefly summarized the results of these trials, and preliminary efficacy, safety, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of ensartinib were discussed.
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Objective@#To investigate the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by case-control study.@*Methods@#From January 2006 to December 2015, the data of 1 350 first diagnosis HCC patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected and analyzed. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze the risk factors of HCC genesis, and the risk factors were further stratified.@*Results@#The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and obesity were not risk factors of HCC genesis (both P>0.05). Alcoholism, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, T2DM, and family history of HCC were the risk factors of HCC genesis (odds ratio (OR)=2.593, 4.583, 3.732, 1.955 and 1.622, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.883 to 3.549, 3.026 to 6.940, 2.544 to 5.367, 1.708 to 2.477 and 1.314 to 2.267, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that alcoholism, HBV infection, HCV infection, T2DM and family history of HCC were independent risk factors of HCC genesis (OR=2.034, 4.564, 2.831, 1.881 and 1.616, 95%CI 1.507 to 2.745, 2.672 to 7.765, 1.562 to 5.047, 1.314 to 2.671 and 1.177 to 2.228, all P<0.01), and T2DM could increase the risk of HCC genesis (P<0.01). In order to exclude the interference of alcoholism, HBV infection and HCV infection on above results, further stratified analysis showed that T2DM was one of the independent risk factors of HCC genesis (χ2=5.190, P=0.023), and had synergistic effect with alcoholism, HBV infection and HCV infection (χ2=32.848, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the propovtion, duration of disease and hemoglobin A1c level of T2DM patients between the case group and the control group (χ2=46.618, 81.644 and 43.092, all P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#T2DM is one of the independent risk factors or HCC genesis. T2DM is correlated with the pathogenesis of HCC. The clinical desease course and blood glucose control in patients with T2DM are also correlated with the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)by case-control study. Methods From January 2006 to December 2015,the data of 1350 first diagnosis HCC patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected and analyzed. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze the risk factors of HCC genesis,and the risk factors were further stratified. Results The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and obesity were not risk factors of HCC genesis (both P > 0. 05). Alcoholism, hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection,hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection,T2DM,and family history of HCC were the risk factors of HCC genesis (odds ratio (OR)= 2. 593,4. 583,3. 732,1. 955 and 1. 622,95％ confidence interval (CI)1. 883 to 3. 549,3. 026 to 6. 940,2. 544 to 5. 367,1. 708 to 2. 477 and 1. 314 to 2. 267,all P < 0. 05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that alcoholism,HBV infection, HCV infection,T2DM and family history of HCC were independent risk factors of HCC genesis (OR = 2. 034, 4. 564,2. 831,1. 881 and 1. 616,95％ CI 1. 507 to 2. 745,2. 672 to 7. 765,1. 562 to 5. 047,1. 314 to 2. 671 and 1. 177 to 2. 228,all P < 0. 01),and T2DM could increase the risk of HCC genesis (P < 0. 01). In order to exclude the interference of alcoholism,HBV infection and HCV infection on above results,further stratified analysis showed that T2DM was one of the independent risk factors of HCC genesis (χ2 = 5. 190,P = 0. 023), and had synergistic effect with alcoholism,HBV infection and HCV infection (χ2 = 32. 848,P < 0. 01). There were significant differences in the propovtion,duration of disease and hemoglobin A 1c level of T2DM patients between the case group and the control group (χ2 = 46. 618,81. 644 and 43. 092,all P < 0. 01). Conclusions T2DM is one of the independent risk factors or HCC genesis. T2DM is correlated with the pathogenesis of HCC. The clinical desease course and blood glucose control in patients with T2DM are also correlated with the pathogenesis of HCC.
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ZNF804A rs1344706 has been identified as one of the risk genes for schizophrenia. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Given that ZNF804A upregulates the expression of COMT, we hypothesized that ZNF804A may influence brain activity by interacting with COMT. Here, we genotyped ZNF804A rs1344706 and COMT rs4680 in 218 healthy Chinese participants. Amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) were applied to analyze the main and interaction effects of ZNF804A rs1344706 and COMT rs4680. The ALFFs of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a significant ZNF804A rs1344706 × COMT rs4680 interaction, manifesting as a U-shaped modulation, presumably by dopamine signaling. Significant main effects were also found. These findings suggest that ZNF804A affects the resting-state functional activation by interacting with COMT, and may improve our understanding of the neurobiological effects of ZNF804A and its association with schizophrenia.
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Objective To explore the mutual relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level with metabolic syndrome (MD) and its factors among the physical examination population.Methods A total of 8 285 people undergoing the physical check-up in a hospital in 2013 were selected by sampling and conducted the physical measurement and biochemical detection;the subjects were grouped according to the MS diagnostic standard,gender and SUA.Then the correlation between SUA and MS was analyzed.Results The age,BMI,SBP,DBP,FPG,TG and SUA in the MS patients were significantly higher than those in the patients without MS,while the HDL-C level was significantly lower.The occurrence rate of MS in males was higher than females.With the increase of MS factors,the SUA level showed the overall rising trend;the multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI,DBP and TG were positively correlated with SUA,and the HDL-C level was negatively correlated with the SUA level.The regression equation was Y =-2.135 + 0.066X1 +0.010X2 +0.155X3-0.379X4;the MS detection rate in the HUA group was higher than that in the non-HUA group;in the single factor Logistic regression analysis,the SUA level was significantly related with the MS occurrence (OR=1.007,95％CI 0.006-1.007,P＜0.05),in the SUA diagnostic value for M,AUC in male and female were 0.608 (95 ％CI 0.582-0.634,P＜0.01) and 0.744 (95 ％CI 0.705-0.783,P＜0.01) respectively,the MS best critical diagnostic points in male and female were 360.5 and 256.5,the corresponding diagnostic sensitivities in male and female were 46.49％ and 71.94％,the specificities in male and female were 69.94％ and 69.94％ respectively.Conclusion The SUA level is closely associated with MS,and SUA level has a good predictive effect for MS.
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Objective To compare and analyze different factors that influence hypertension between subjects with and without gout, and to recognize and understand them further. Methods A total of 7395 patients ( 6935 males and 460 females) from the gout clinic of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between May 2009 and January 2016 were chosen as gout group, while 8379 people without gout (7858 males and 521 females) were served as control group. The height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) , triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine(Cr), and uric acid (UA) of both groups were monitored. Clinical and biochemical differences of the two groups were analyzed. The morbidity rate of hypertension in the two groups was also compared. According to different criteria, the subjects were divided into several subgroups. The data were analyzed mainly by Empower statistical software. Results The risk ratio of hypertension in gout group was 63. 25%, and it was higher than that in control group(49. 19%,x2=316. 25,P<0. 01). The risk ratio of hypertension in gout group was 1. 173 times higher than that in control group. After adjusting UA, it would drop to 1. 065 times, but the difference still remained significant. In groups with diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, the risk ratio of hypertension increased by 13. 7%, 15. 3%, 21. 8%, and 23. 6% respectively, in gout group. FPG, TG, TC, BMI, and WHR were all associated with HP in both gout and normal groups, but Cr was associated with HP in gout group only(OR=1. 396, 95%CI 1. 197-1. 629). Age had different saturation effects in two groups. Conclusion The factors influence hypertension differently in patients with and without gout, especially those of gout itself and creatinine. The precision medicine should be applied.
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Objective To explore gene polymorphism of G/A genotype of Fok Ⅰ rs2228570 (G/A) of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in Han male population of Chinese coastal area,and thus to investigate the relationship between the gene polymorphism of VDR and gout.Methods Altogether 504 gout patients and 523 healthy controls were enrolled.The possible association between the polymorphism of VDR rs2228570 and gout in Chinese coastal area was investigated and genotype frequencies and allelic frequencies were calculated by realtime PCR with Taqman(R)probe method.Hardy-Weinberg was used to verify the representativeness of the sample.Comparison between the groups were performed withx2 test and t-test.Results The frequencies of GG,AG,and AA genotypes were 32.1％,50.0％,and 17.9％,respectively among gout patients,while they were 27.9％,50.5％,and 21.6％ respectively among the controls.There was no statistically significant difference in VDR rs2228570 genotype frequencies between gout patients and controls(x2 =3.366,P＞0.05).The allele frequencies of G and A in gout cases were different from those in the controls(57.1％,42.9％;53.2％,46.8％;x2 =3.300,P＞0.05).Conclusions Results of the present study suggest that the G/A genotype of VDR Fok Ⅰ rs2228570 of the VDR gene is not associated with gout in male population of Chinese coastal area.
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Objective We reported previously that single nucleotide polymorphisms SNP) + 11G ＞ A in intron 3 of the human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) gene are associated with hyperuncaemia in Han Chinese.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the variants on hURAT1 function.Methods The wild-type,mutant-type hURAT1 and exon 5-null hURAT1 were constructed,and respectively microinjected into the zebrafish embryo yolks.The subcellular localization of different genotypes of hURAT1 was detected by confocal laser scanning microscope.Results Compared with wild type,the mutant recombinant plasmid transcribed two types of mRNA spliceosome,the wild type and the exon 5-null type.The hURAT1 wild type protein was prominent localized on cell membrane,while the mutant type and exon 5-null hURAT1 proteins were distributed uniform in the cytoplasm but not on the cell membrane.Conclusion The hURAT1 variant + 11 G ＞ A resulted in an alternative splicing of hURAT1 mRNA-exon 5-null type.Its protein product exhibited a different subcellular localization compared with that of wild type.
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Objective To explore the value of CT spinal angiography with 256 MSCT and fast dynamic contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography (CE-MRA) at 3.0 T in the diagnosis of spinal vascular malformations by comparing with results of DSA and operation.MethodsSeventeen patients suspected of spinal vascular diseases by initial MR and clinical manifestations all underwent CT spinal angiography.Of them,10 patients underwent MRA,15 patients underwent DSA within 3-5 days,and 8 patients finally underwent surgical treatment.ResultsCTA examination clearly showed the abnormal vascular lesions in 16 of 17 cases,including 7 cases with the diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula,7 cases of perimedullary arteriovenous fistula,and 2 cases of spinal arteriovenous malformations. The results were consistent with the diagnosis of DSA or surgery.One case was poorly diagnosed.The feeding vessels were correctly determined in 12 cases,and the level of fistulas were correctly displayed in 12 cases.The level of fistulas and feeding vessels were accurately showed in 7 of 10 cases with MRA,while the other 3 cases exhibited normal with DSA.ConclusionsSpinal angiography with 256 MSCT and CE-MRA at 3.0 T can clearly show the extent of spinal vascular malformations,feeding arteries and fistula location.They are safe,noninvasive,convinient and can shorten the time of DSA diagnosis and treatment.They play an important role in diagnosis and treatment of spinal vascular malformations and postoperative follow-up.
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Lots of studies have identified the relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases. Many factors affect the metabolism of uric acid, such as diet, drug, internal environment of organism, etc. However, the relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases is not quite clear. In this review, we present recently published data about the association between hyperuricemia and selected cardiovascular diseases.
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The clinical features of 172 female and 1 067 male residents with gout in the coastal regions of Shandong province were analyzed.The results showed that as compared with male patients the onset of gout occurred at an older age in the female patients,and there were less obesity and tophi as well as less alcohol consumption and medication needed in the female patients.However,comorbidity with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease,as well as involvement of upper limb and other metatarsophalangeal joints were more prevalent in the female patients.
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Objective To establish a nested-real-time-PCR for the detection of IL-21R mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of patients with rheumatoid arthritis,and explore its clinical significance.Methods The outer primers of span intron and inner primers were designed for nested-real-time-PCR.To increase specific template,the concentration of primers and enzyme,cycle times were decreased in the first amplification,and the real-time fluorescent quantity assay was performed in the second amplification.The ?-actin gene was used as internal reference,and the results were presented as the ratios of IL-21R mRNA to ?-actin mRNA.Results IL-21R mRNA was detected in 60 patients with RA and 30 healthy controls.The expression of IL-21R mRNA gene in the patients with RA was increased,and the statistical analysis has significant differences(P0.05),but a significant difference was found in the patients of grade III compared with those of grade I and II(P