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Objective:To study the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin and β-aescin on functional recovery and secondary injury of nerve cells in rats after spinal cord injury.Methods:A total of 50 female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups according to their injury and treatment.The rats in the rh-EPO group were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin,and the β-SE group was treated with β-aescin,and the combination group was treated with recombinant human erythropoietin and the treatment of β-aescin,compared the indicators.Results: The BBB motor function scores of the combination therapy group were significantly higher than those of rh-EPO group,β-SE group and injury group.The neurological function of the combined treatment group was better than that of rh-EPO group and β-SE group(P<0.05).The content of Mg2+in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the rhEPO group and the β-SE group,and the difference was significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The combination of re-combinant human erythropoietin and β-aescin can help improve the BBB motor function score,promote the recovery of motor function and delay the development of secondary injury of nerve cells.
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Objective: To investigate the isomerization law of aescins A, B, C, and D under different conditions and optimize the isomerization process. Methods: Using the conversion of aescin C and D, and the content of impurity as index, single factor experiment was applied to evaluate the effect trends of isomerization from three parameters including pH value, reaction temperature and time. Then, central composite design-response surface method was used to estimate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables and to validate the optimal conditions. Results: According to the single factor experiment, the effect trends of three parameters on conversion of aescins C and D were analogous, and the isomerization happened under the conditions as follows: pH value of 5.0-10.0, reaction temperature of 45-85℃, and reaction time of 0.25-8 h. Based on the central composite design, the optimal conditions were predicted as follows: pH value was 6.9, reaction temperature was 54℃ and reaction time was 7.4 h. Under such conditions, the experimental values showed on significant difference from the predicted values. Conclusion: The isomerization of aescins A, B, C, and D could show a certain law under different conditions, and the optimal isomerization process is stable and available, which could provide a scientific basis of regulating the proportion of aescins A, B, C, and D during industrial production.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of edaravone combined with β-aescin sodium for treatment of elderly patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage,and the dynamic changes of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in serum in such patients before and after treatment.Methods A total of 99 elderly patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage admitted to Henan Nanyang Second General Hospital from April 2014 to February 2016 were enrolled,and they were divided into control group (49 cases) and observation group (50 cases) according to the random digital table.Conventional treatment were given to both groups,patients in the observation group were added with edaravone 30 mg intravenous drip,2 times a day and β-aescin 20 mg intravenous drip,once daily.After treatment for consecutive 2 weeks,the clinical effect and neurological deficit score (NDS) were observed in the two groups;serum CRP levels were detected by immunonephelometry;TNF-αα and VEGF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The changes of CRP,VEGF,TNF-α levels and incidence of adverse reactions before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The levels of NDS,CRP,VEGF and TNF-α in both groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the degrees of decrease in treatment group were more significant than those in control group [NDS score:13.01 ± 1.37 vs.20.63 ± 1.68,CRP (mg/L):8.05 ± 3.97 vs.10.04 ± 4.17,VEGF (ng/L):97.25 ± 13.73 vs.116.43 ± 14.10,TNF-α (ng/L):8.15 ± 2.52 vs.11.54 ± 2.22,all P ＜ 0.05];the total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group [92.00％ (46/50) vs.77.55％ (38/49),P ＜ 0.05].The difference of incidence of adverse reaction between observation group and control group was not statistically significant [4.00％ (2/50) vs.8.16％ (4/49),P ＞ 0.05].Conclusions Edaravone combined with β-aescin sodium for treatment of elderly patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage can effectively promote the recovery of neurological function,and its rolemight be related to the regulation of the levels of CRP,TNF-α and VEGF.
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Objective Diabetic macular edema( DME) is a common complication of diabetic patients.Laser photocoagula-tion therapy is effective in the treatment of DME despite of some patients with unsatisfactory curative effect or recurrence.This study was to explore efficacy and safety of aescin combined with laser photocoagulation in DME treatment. Methods A total of 102 pa-tients with diabetic macular edema in our hospital were randomly divided into control group(51 cases of 67 eyes) and combined treat-ment group (51 cases of 69 eyes).Aescin combined with laser photocoagulation were applied in observation group, and laser photoco-agulation was applied in control group.Observation was made on the changes of intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity( BV-CA), central macular thickness(CMT) and the leakage in macular area between the two groups before and after he treatment, along with detection on adverse reactions during the treatment. Results Com-pared with pre-treatment, there were no significant differences be- tween the two groups in intraocular pressure at 1, 2, 3, 6 months after therapy(P>0.05), and compared with control group in the same time point, the intraocular pressure showed no change significantly in combined treatment group(P>0.05).Compared with con-trol group after therapy, the average value of BVCA in observation group showed significantly decreased at 2, 3, 6 months(Z=2.130, 1.932, 2.283;P=0.037, 0.028, 0.005) while the average value of CMT showed significant increase( Z=1.979, 2.315, 3.08;P=0.045, 0.031, 0.000).Compared with control group at the same time point, the number of patients who suffered from the leakage in macular area significantly decreased in combined treatment group at 2, 3, 6 months(χ2 =4.213, 5.074, 6.625; P=0.040, 0.024, 0.010) .7 patients(13.7%) in combined treatment group suffered from stomach and nausea during the treatment, without any observation of serious adverse reaction. Conclusion Conclusion Aescin combined with laser photocoagulation is effective for the rehabilitation of patients and chconsolidate effect with high safety, which is of great clinical application.
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ABSTRACTThe extract from horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanumL., Sapindaceae), standardised for the content of aescin, is used as the treatment for chronic venous insufficiency. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-oedematous properties and indicates a positive effect on the venous tone, rheological properties, and blood coagulability. The mechanism of horse chestnut seed extract/aescin activity was proposed on the basis of in vitro and in vivo studies, and its effectiveness was documented with numerous randomised clinical trials. The results of the studies have proven that horse chestnut seed extract not only significantly improves subjective symptoms in patients with chronic venous insufficiency like calf spasm, leg pain, pruritus, fatigue, but it also reduced leg volume, the ankle and calf circumference. The preparations containing horse chestnut seed extract are very popular and they have similar effectiveness as compression therapy and a preparation with O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides. Moreover, horse chestnut seed extract has been proven to be safe and very well tolerated. The study was to present the results of the studies that have been conducted so far and that have confirmed the effectiveness of use of horse chestnut seed extract or aescin as the treatment for chronic venous insufficiency.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects of sodium aescinate adjuvant in treatment with tibial plateau fracture. Method According to the principle of random draw, 160 cases of tibial plateau fractures patients were divided into observation group and control group, each had 80 cases. All cases were given the improved bilateral plate internal ifxation with conventional interventions, besides, the observation group were added intravenous infusion of sodium aescinate after surgery. Results The differences of operative time, blood loss and clinical fracture healing time between two groups were not signiifcant. After intervention, the overall incidence of complications with arthritis, deep vein thrombosis, joint stiffness and joint instability in observation group were signiifcantly lower than that in control group, but the value of joint activity with the HSS values were signiifcantly higher(P<0.05). The plasma TNF-αlevels between two groups before the intervention was not signiifcant, and the values were signiifcantly decreased after the intervention (P<0.05), and had signiifcant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Sodium aescinate has good effect on prognosis in treatment with tibial plateau fractures, the mechanism may be related to reducing the level of plasma TNF-α.
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Objective To discuss the efficacy and safty of sodium β-aescin in the treatment of swelling after lower limb fracture operation.Methods From February 2011 to February 2014 in Minda Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University,patients with swelling limb after lower limb fracture operations were selected as research subjects.The patients were divided into experimental group and control group randomly.The experimental group were received sodiumβ-aescin,the control group were received mannitol.After 4 days treatment,limb circumference,swelling score and pain score in two groups were compared. Results Compared with control group,the limb circumference,swelling score and pain score in experimental group significantly reduced after 4 days treatment(P<0.05 );the therapeutic effect in experimental group was significantly better than that in control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reaction in two groups had no significant difference.Conclusion Application of sodiumβ-aescin on lower limb fracture shows good therapeutic effect.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the expression of apoptosis factor, the mechanism of neuronal apoptosis and profective effect of recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHu EPO) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in SD rats.Methods30 SD rats were divided into four groups including control group, SCI group, treatment groups A and B.The animal SCI model was established with Allen's method. The changes of nerve functions of rats of 4 groups were observed before and after treating with rHu EPO. The expressions of apoptosis factors (Bcl-2,Bax,Fas) were tested with immunocytochemistry technique, and apoptosis neurones were labeled with TUNEL dyeing.ResultsThe grade of nerve function was improved distinctly in treatment groups, but group B was better than group A.The number of the positive cells for Fas and Bax in SCI group was more than that in treatment groups (P<0.05), and group A was more than group B. The number of Bcl 2 positive cells in the treatment groups was greater than that in SCI group (P<0.05).ConclusionApoptosis is a important death mode of neuron after SCI. rHu EPO can distinctly improve the comeback of the nerve function and protect the nerve tissue.
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AIM To investigate if the beneficial effects of β-aescin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced cerebral injury are related to the inhibition of expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Rats were pretreated ig with β-aescin for 7 d and then subjected to cerebral I/R injury induced by a middle cerebral artery occlusion. The infarct volume and the neurological deficit were determined by the method of TTC staining and the Longa's score. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was evaluated by measurement of the Evans blue (EB)content in the brain with spectrophotometer. The serum contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) protein were determined by radioimmunoassay and ELISA assay. The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated with Western blot. RESULTS β-Aescin significantly reduced infarct volume (P<0.05 or P<0.01), ameliorated the neurological deficit and reduced the permeability of blood-brain barrier (P<0.05). Pretreated with β-aescin 30 and 60 mg·kg-1, the serum content of IL-8 and the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB protein in brain tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION β-Aescin has protective effects on cerebral injury through inhibiting the expression and release of the inflammatory mediators after I/R injury.
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Objective To study the liver injury and effects of aescin on liver in rats with acute pancreatitis. Methods The rats were divided into 3 groups (control group, AP group and aescin group). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hepatic cellular energy charge (EC) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were detected. The pathologic changes in pancreas and liver were also observed. Results The serum levels of ALT and LDH in aescin group were significantly lower than those of the AP group. The EC and ATP levels were significantly higher in aescin group than that of the AP group. Conclusion Introvenous injection of aescin can alleviate the liver injury in rats with acute pancreatitis.
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Objective To study the effect of sodium ?-aescin on the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and laminin (LN) expression in rats after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and provide experimental evidence for the relationship of MMP-9 and LN expression change with the neuroprotection of sodium ?-aescin. Methods The Spraque-Dawley (SD) rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion of cerebral middle artery was prepared. Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into the normal, sham, ischemia and reperfusion, as well as ischemia and reperfusion-treated with sodium ?-aescin groups. The latter two were further divided into six subgroups according to reperfusion time interval of 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 72h and 7d after brain ischemia, with 4 rats in each subgroup. Immunohistochemical staining and image analysis were used to measure the expression of MMP-9 and LN in the ischemic region. Results The expression of MMP-9 started to increase at 6h, reached the peak at 12h, decreased in 24h, and reached the lowest on 7d in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion group. The expression of MMP-9 in the same time groups of the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion-treated with sodium ?-aescin group all obviously decreased (P
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Objective To investigate the effects of ?-aescin on the germ cell apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 and Bax proteins in bilateral testes following ipsilateral testicular torsion and detorsion. Methods Thirty adolescent male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (C group), model group of testicular torsion and detorsion (M group) and ?-aescin treatment group (T group), each group containing 10 animals. In M and T groups, rats underwent a clockwise 720? ipsilateral testicular torsion for 2 h followed by detorsion, and the rats in T group were intraperitoneally injected with ?-aescin 15 min before detorsion. 48h after operation, bilateral testes were collected, and used to detect cell apoptosis and expressions of bcl-2 and Bax by TUNEL technique and immunohistochemical method, respectively. Results In M group, the apoptotic index of the germ cells and Bax expression of bilateral testes significantly increased compared with C group (P
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Foram utilizados 20 cães machos, sem raça definida, divididos em dois grupos de 10 para análise da variação circadiana dos leucócitos, fibrinogênio e plaquetas. Todos os cães foram submetidos a um processo inflamatório subcutâneo induzido pela administração de Terebentina. Após 24 horas os animais do grupo 1 foram tratados com duas doses de 1,3mg/kg de escina com intervalos de 12 horas e os cães do grupo II mantidos como testemunha. Coletas de sangue foram feitas em todos os animais às 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 horas do dia para determinação dos leucócitos, fibrinogênio e plaquetas. A escina determinou nos animais do grupo I monocitose às 0, 8, 12, 16 e 24 horas, linfopenia às 12, 16 e 24 horas, leucocitose às 0, 20 e 24 horas, aumento da taxa de fibrinogênio às 16 e 24 horas e uma diminuição das plaquetas durante todo o dia. Conclui-se que a escina determina variações circadiana instáveis do número de leucócitos, plaquetas e quantidade de fibrinogênio em cães com processo inflamatório.
To analyse the circadian variations of the leucocyte, fibrinogen and platelet 20 mongrel male dogs were used divided into two groups of ten animals. The first group was exposed to an inflamatory process induced by the administration of turpentine and after 24 hours the animals were treated with Aesein 1.3mg/kg from 12 to 12 hours. The second group was only exposed to the inflamatory process. Blood samples were performed in all the animals at 0,4am, 8am, 12am, 4pm, 8pm and 12pm hours of the day to examine the parameters. Aescin has determined monocytose at 0,8am, 12am, 4pm and 12pm; linfopenia at 4pm and 12pm; leucocitosis at 0,8pm and 12 pm, as well as an increase in the amount of fibrinogen at 4pm and 12pm; and a decrease in the platelets during all day. Aescin determines unstable circadian variations in the number of leucocyte, platelet and in the amount of fibrinogen in dogs with inflamatory process.
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Objective To explore aescin's inhibition of in vitro proliferatim in L1210 murine acute lymphoid leukemia cells and its in vivo antileukemic effects.Methods MTT assay was used to determine the anti-proliferative effect in vitro;Leukemia transplant models were used to test the antileukemic effect. Mice inoculated with L1210 cells were treated with ten daily doses of aescin or/and each other day of DOX, and were observed for survival.Antileukemic effects were assessed by calculating the extension of lifespan. Results Aescin(20～60?g/mL) was found to be able to inhibit the proliferation of L1210 cells.The effects were in a dose- and time- dependent manner.The IC_(50) value of aescin in L1210 cells after 72 h was (24.86?2.23)?g/mL.In vivo study showed that after treating the L1210 cells bearing mice with higher, middle,and low dosage(4.5,3.5,and 2.5 mg/kg) of aescin for ten consecutive days,The extension of lifespan were 25.8%(P
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Objective: To observe the influence on curative effect of aescine in curing Lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse(LIDP) before and after operation. Methods: 184 cases of patients with LIDP were divided into two groups. 96 cases in curative group began to be used 10mg of aescin by adding to infusion of iv drip bid 3 days before the operation, and contie for 6-8 days it. 88 cases in control group were only operated.Results: Curative group was superior to control group in lysis of pain, postoperative La feeling and improvement of muscle strength. The excellent and better rates in two groups are 72.91%, 91.67% and 43.18%, 85.22%. The excellent rate of curative group is higher than that of control group( P 0.05). There is no serious bad reaction of drug in curative group.Conclusion: Aescin used before and after operation is good to recovery of nervous function after LIDP operation.
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Objective To investigate the effects of ?-aescin on nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) activities and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) protein expression in the rat brain tissue following acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A total of 62 SD rats were subjected to a lateral cortical impact injury caused by a free-falling object and divided randomly into four groups, ie, sham operation group (Group A), injury group (Group B), ?-aescin treatment group (Group C) and pyrrolidine dithocarbamate (PDTC) treatment group (Group D). Group C was administered with ?-aescin and Group D treated with PDTC immediately after injury. A series of brain samples were obtained directly 6, 24 hours and three days respectively after operation in four groups. The NF-?B activation of rat brain was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and the levels of TNF-? protein in rat brain measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA). In the meantime, the water content of rat brain was measured and pathomorphological observation carried out. Results Compared with Group A, NF-?B activities, the levels of TNF-? protein and the water content of the rat brain were significantly increased (P