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Daucus carota (carrot) seed is used medicinally in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, in whichoxidative stress and hyperlipidemia are associated complications. The study evaluated the antioxidant andantihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous seed extract of D. carota aqueous extract (AQEDCS) in triton ×100-inducedhyperlipidemic mice. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the extract (0.2–1.0 mg/ml) were evaluated using totalantioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, and ferric ion scavenging. In vivo antioxidantand antihyperlipidemic properties of AQEDCS extract were evaluated using triton ×100-induced oxidative stressand hyperlipidemia in mice. AQEDCS contains alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and produced significant antioxidanteffects in vitro compared to Vitamin C. AQEDCS significantly (P < 0.05) decreased levels of plasma cholesterol,triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein, coronary artery, cardiac, and atherogenic indices and increased circulatinghigh-density lipoprotein levels when compared to untreated hyperlipidemic mice. AQEDCS significantly (P < 0.05)decreased the level of malondialdehyde compared to untreated hyperlipidemic mice. AQEDCS and simvastatindecreased (P < 0.05) reduced glutathione concentration in plasma, with no difference (P > 0.05) in the liver of micecompared to untreated hyperlipidemic mice. Similarly, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in plasmanitrite levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase except in AQEDCS mice that received 100 mg/kgbody weight dose of AQEDCS extract when compared with non-induced control. The results indicated that AQEDCSpossesses antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects, and could complement antioxidant defense system in vivoduring oxidative stress as well as prevent further complications that could arise from hyperlipidemia during its usagefor diabetes mellitus treatments.
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This study was aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts of Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp.,Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.) on the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats. The antihyperlipidemicstudy of these sponges is firstly reported in this study. Experimental hyperlipidemic rats were induced by daily intakeof propylthiouracil (1.8 mg/200 g b.wt and quail yolk (10 ml/kg) for the duration of 3 weeks. Hyperlipidemic ratgroups were administered orally with three doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) of the ethanol extracts for 1-week onward.Blood sample was then collected via intracardiac puncture and serum was biochemically analyzed. Ethanol extractsof Callyspongia sp., M. sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp. at doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg exhibited a significantreduction of cholesterols, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. These doses also significantly increased the highdensity lipoprotein level. Levels of atherogenic indices (Atherogenic Index, Atherogenic Index Plasma, Castelli’s RiskIndex-I, and Castelli’s Risk Index-II) were also decreased by both doses with percentages protection ranging from70.6% to 81.6%. These results showed that ethanol extracts of Callyspongia sp., M. sarasinorum, and Xestospongiasp. exhibited a lipid-lowering activity in hyperlipidemic rats. Hence, these extracts could be used as sources of leadmolecules in the development of natural lipid-lowering agents from marine species
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The purpose of the present investigation is to assess, for the first time, the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Lycium europaeum extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats via a single subcutaneous alloxan injection (120 mg/kg). Lycium europaeum aqueous extract was orally administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were assayed at the end of the experimental period in all investigated groups. Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were sought in the serum and pancreas. Lycium europaeum extract significantly increased HDL-C and reduced blood glucose, TC, LDL-C and TG as compared to the alloxan-control group. Lycium europaeum extract was also efficient in reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats by increasing SOD, CAT and GPx activities both in the pancreas and the plasma of the animals. Moreover, Lycium europaeum extract contained considerable levels of polyphenols and flavonoids. It also exhibited an important antioxidant capacity and a remarkable ability to quench DPPH radicals and reduce irons. The obtained results highlight potentially relevant health beneficial effects of Lycium europaeum extract, reversing hyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic and oxidative stress effects in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Therefore, it may be considered as a promising alternative or complementary agent to diabetes treatment.
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ABSTRACT About 31 percent of deaths worldwide result from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia remains the major risk factor for this disease and therefore, it is necessary to identify antihyperlipidemic compounds for drug development. The crude ethanolic extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr., Apocynaceae, has demonstrated antihyperlipidemic properties. However, the chemical constituents responsible for this action are unknown. Hence, to identify chemical constituent(s) of C. sanguinolenta with anti-hyperlipidemic effect, five indoloquinoline alkaloids were isolated and evaluated in 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate labeled low density lipoprotein uptake assay using HepG2 cells. The minor alkaloid, isocryptolepine, showed strong activity in promoting low lipid lipoprotein uptake by 1.85-fold. Isocryptolepine may, therefore, serve as a lead compound for future studies in the development of novel antihyperlipidemic drugs.
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Objective To analyze the major adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs and their influencing factors.Methods The adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs in 579 patients were retrieved from the National Population and Health Scientific Data Platform.An adverse reaction-matched dictionary was established by normalizing the names of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs according to the drug name + dosage form and describing the adverse reactions according to the WHO adverse reaction terminology.The data set dimensions were analyzed by data mining.Results The adverse reaction rate of intravenous drip was 75.4% and manifested as chest distress,itching and dyspnea.The rate of adverse reaction involving organ systems was 61.1% and manifested as systemic injury,fever,discomfort and anorexia.Logistic regression analysis showed that the drug giving route was a factor influencing the severity of adverse reaction.Conclusion The adverse reactions of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs involve systemic,skin and its appendix injury.Drug giving route is the major factor influencing the severity of adverse reaction.
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Objective To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities of four Marrbium vulgare herb extracts using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Methods Hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton (200 mg/kg body weight). The animals were divided into main four groups of eight mice each: normal control group, hyperlipidemic control group, hyperlipidemic plus tween-40 control and treated group. The fourth one was divided into four subgroups, petroleum ether extract group, chloroform extract group, ethyl acetate extract group and methanol extract treated group each of them contains two sub-sub group for treating animals with two doses at 0.1 and 0.25 LD
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities of four Marrbium vulgare herb extracts using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in mice.@*METHODS@#Hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton (200 mg/kg body weight). The animals were divided into main four groups of eight mice each: normal control group, hyperlipidemic control group, hyperlipidemic plus tween-40 control and treated group. The fourth one was divided into four subgroups, petroleum ether extract group, chloroform extract group, ethyl acetate extract group and methanol extract treated group each of them contains two sub-sub group for treating animals with two doses at 0.1 and 0.25 LD50.@*RESULTS@#After 7 h and 24 h of treatment, the intragastric administration of all extracts caused a significant decrease of plasma total cholesterol. Triglyceride levels were also significantly lowered by all extracts while petroleum ether produced the lowest decreasing level. Similar results were observed for LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, more polar extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate)-soluble fractions showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated atherogenic index (AI) and LDL/HDL-C ratios, while these atherogenic markers were not statistically suppressed by the chloroform and petroleum ether-soluble extract.@*CONCLUSION@#The findings indicated that Marrubium may contain polar products able to lower plasma lipid concentrations and might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Background: Phytoestrogens are increasingly becoming popular as alternatives for hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal condition. Objective: In this study, the antihyperlipidemic effect of chickpea (Cicer arientum) sprouts was evaluated in ovariectomy‑induced dyslipidemia in rat model in comparison with standard antihyperlipidemic agent atorvastatin. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 female adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups that is, Group I ‑ Control; Group II ‑ Ovariectomized (OVX) rats; Group III ‑ OVX + germinated chickpea sprouts (20% in diet) and Group IV OVX + atorvastatin (1.2 mg/kg b.wt, p.o.). Body and organ weights, serum, and liver lipid profile were assessed at the end of 8 weeks. Results: The results indicated that ovariectomy significantly (P < 0.05) increased total cholesterol, nonhigh‑density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs) in serum and liver. The total lipid and phospholipid content in liver were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased. The weights of uterus and heart were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Dietary supplementation with germinated chickpea normalized the lipid profile in serum and liver. Further, high‑density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, body weight, uterine, heart, and spleen weights were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Atorvastatin administration showed similarly normalized lipid profile, but showed no improvement on decreased uterus and heart weights. Histopathological examination revealed fatty changes in liver, uterine atrophy, and subintimal fat accumulation in aorta in OVX group. The changes were mild in chickpea group with no improvement in statin group. Conclusions: Germinated seeds of chickpea showed significant antihyperlipidemic activity, which was comparable to atorvastatin. Further, germinated chickpea improved organ weights and helped in the reversal of histopathological changes suggesting its usefulness in postmenopausal condition.
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Aim: To investigate anti-hyperlipidemic activity of methanol leaf extract of Persea americana (MEPA) in cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methodology: The animals were randomly divided into five groups of 5 rats each. Group1 served as the normal control (NC) and received distilled water. Group 2, the cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic control (CHOL) was given cholesterol diet (20% groundnut oil, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid mixed with rat pellet) orally. Groups 3 and 4 received oral administration of cholesterol diet and MEPA at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight respectively, while group 5 was treated orally with cholesterol diet and cholestyramine (0.26g/kg body weight). Cholesterol diet, MEPA and cholestyramine were administered daily for a period of eight weeks. Results: The changes observed in the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) of hyperlipidemic control rats were reversed by MEPA in a dose-dependent manner. At 20 mg/kg body weight, MEPA significantly (p<0.05) reduced TC, TG and LDL plasma levels by 54.2%, 46.2% and 65.6% respectively, and increased HDL plasma level by 60.0%. At a higher dose of 40 mg/kg, MEPA reduced TC, TG and LDL levels by 60.4%, 69.2% and 87.5% respectively while HDL was increased by 80.0%. There was a significant increase of change in body weight of hyperlipidemic rats compared to the change in normal control. MEPA caused a reduction of change in body weight to nearly that of the normal control. MEPA also dose-dependently caused significant reduction (p<0.05) of plasma lipid peroxidation in the rats. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of MEPA was comparable to that of the standard drug, cholestyramine. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Persea americana could be a source of good alternative remedy for hyperlipidemia. Further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism of action of the plant.
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The hypoglycemic effects of hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts from fruits of Ferocactus latispinus and Ferocactus histrix were evaluated by oral administration to normoglucemic and streptozotocin-induced severe diabetic rats (SD). The anti-diabetic effect was examined by blood glucose, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol levels in the serum, glycogen content of liver and skeletal muscles, superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. The most active extracts were obtained with chloroform. Chloroform extracts from F. latispinus and F. histrix increased activities of SOD, GR, GSHPx and CAT, hepatic glycogen content, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and the plasma insulin levels. They also, decreased glucokinase (GK) and TBAR (thiobarbituric acid assay). Of the two plants studied F. latispinus showed better antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects that F. histrix. In conclusion F. latispinus and F. histrix possesses significant antihyperglycemic properties after 4 h after a single oral dose. It can also improve hyperlipidemia and hypoinsulinemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic. These results demonstrated that F. latispinus and F. histrix typically used as a health food, has strong antidiabetic effects in vivo, thus, it may have beneficial properties in the prevention of diabetes.
Los efectos hipoglucemiantes de extractos obtenidos con hexano, cloroformo y metanol a partir de frutos de Ferocactus latispinus y Ferocactus histrix fueron evaluados por la administración oral a ratas normales y con diabetes severa (SD) inducida por estreptozotocina. Los extractos más activos fueron obtenidos con cloroformo el cuál incrementa los niveles de SOD, GR, GSHPx y el CAT, el contenido de glucógeno hepático, la glucosa-6-fosfatasa (G6Pase) y los niveles de insulina plasmática. También producen disminución de la glucoquinasa (GK) y TBARS. De las dos plantas estudiadas la F. latispinus presento mayor actividad antihiperglicemiante y antihiperlipidémicos que la F. histrix. En conclusión F. latispinus y F. histrix pueden mejorar la hiperlipidemia y la hipoinsulinemia en animales diabéticos inducida por estreptozotocina. Estos resultados demostraron que F. latispinus y F. histrix utilizadas normalmente como un alimento saludable, tiene fuertes efectos antidiabéticos in vivo, por lo tanto, pueden tener propiedades beneficiosas en la prevención de la diabetes.
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Male , Animals , Rats , Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Cactaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Administration, Oral , Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage , Chloroform , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Fruit , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the influence of piperlonguminine on blood-fat of animal and its acute toxicity. Methods:The hyperlipidemic model rats were established by feeding with the high-lipid diet for 14 days.Stomach-perfusion with piperlonguminine was accompanied at the same time.Effects of piperlonguminine on the hyperlipidemic rats were investigated by measurement of the contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c),high- density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c).The hyperlipidemic model rabbits were established by feeding with hypercholesterol. The influences of piperlonguminine on serum lipid,liver lipid and atheroma were observed.The response of the acute toxicity of mice was also observed.Results:Piperlonguminine remarkably lowered the serum TC、TG、LDL-c,and increased the serum HDL-c of rats,lowered the serum TC、TG、LDL-c and liver TC、TG,and remarkably improved atheroma of rabbits.The acute toxicity was tested on mice.During the test there was no death.Even more it caused little pathological change.Conclusion: Piperlonguminine not only had significant antihyperlipidemia effects,but also improved atheroma effects.And the toxicity of piperlonguminine was very low.
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Objective To study the extraction and purification of glycosaminoglycans from Rhoqilema esculenta Kishinouye,optimize the enzymolysis process,and its antihyperlipidemia effects were studied.Methods Extraction of glycosaminoglycans(GAG) from Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye by hydrolyzation method with papain,subtilisin and trypsin neutral proteinase,ethanol precipitation.The rude product of glycosaminoglycans(GAG) was purified and fractionated by the methods of adsorption,dialysis,ethanol precipitation and CTAB precipitation.The experimental hyperlipidemia mice induced by high fat forage were studied.The total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) levels were determined.Results Optimum enzymolysis process: papain neutral proteinase1.5%,subtilisin neutral proteinase1.5%,treated for 5h;The result showed that the levels of TC and TG decreased to 6.83?1.09 mmol?L-1(P