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La adulteración y el fraude de productos alimenticios son tan antiguos como los sistemas de procesamiento y producción de alimentos, sin embargo, en la actualidad son cada vez más frecuentes. Con la globalización y los sistemas de producción y distribución de alimentos cada día más complejos, la adulteración puede ocurrir en distintos puntos de la cadena alimentaria y tener un impacto de gran alcance, e incluso, consecuencias adversas para la salud de las personas. Los enfoques regulatorios de la comunidad internacional para enfrentar y resolver el fraude alimentario están dispersos y en constantes ajustes. Se necesita un enfoque colectivo y coordinado para identificar a todos los interesados en la cadena de suministro de alimentos, calificarlos y certificarlos, excluir a aquellos que no cumplan con los estándares adecuados y rastrear los alimentos en tiempo real. Este artículo de actualización revisará conceptos claves asociados a la integridad alimentaria, historia del fraude alimentario y episodios de fraude alimentario de connotación pública en el mundo y en Chile, herramientas analíticas y alimentos más vulnerables al fraude, reglamentos y nuevas acciones en el mundo y en Chile para enfrentar la inocuidad y el riesgo de fraude alimentario.
Food adulteration and food fraud is as old as food production and processing however, it is increasingly prevalent today. With globalization and increasingly complex food production and distribution systems, adulteration can occur at different points in the food chain and may have far-reaching impacts and even adverse consequences for human health. The international community's regulatory approaches to confronting and resolving food fraud are scattered and in constant adjustment. A collective and coordinated approach is needed to identify all stakeholders in the food supply chain, certify and qualify them, exclude those who do not meet applicable standards, and trace food in real time. This update provides definitions and background on key concepts associated with food integrity, episodes of food fraud in Chile and the world, main foods vulnerable to food fraud, common fraud practices and analytical techniques, regulations and new actions in Chile and the world to face food safety and the risk of food fraud.
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ObjectiveTo establish the identification method of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum（DOL） and its counterfeits by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum（1H-NMR） combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Method1H-NMR spectra of DOL and its counterfeits were obtained by NMR， and the full composition information was established and transformed into a data matrix， and the detection conditions were as follows：taking dimethyl sulfoxide-d6（DMSO-d6） containing 0.03% tetramethylsilane（TMS） as the solvent， the constant temperature at 298 K（1 K=-272.15 ℃）， pulse interval of 1.00 s， spectrum width of 12 019.23 Hz， the scanning number of 16 times， and the sampling time of 1.08 s. Similarity examination and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） were performed on the data matrix of DOL and its counterfeits， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to analyze the data matrix and identify the differential components between them. In the established OPLS-DA category variable value model， the category variable value of DOL was set as 1， and the category variable value of the counterfeits was set as 0， and the threshold was set as ±0.3， in order to identify the commercially available DOL. The OPLS-DA score plot was used to determine the types of counterfeits in commercially available DOL， and it was verified by thin layer chromatography（TLC）. ResultThe results of similarity analysis and HCA showed that there was a significant difference between DOL and its counterfeits. OPLS-DA found that the differential component between DOL and its counterfeits was trans-nerolidol. The established category variable value model could successfully identify the authenticity of the commercially available DOL. The results of the OPLS-DA score plot showed that there were heartwood of Dalbergia pinnata and D. cochinchinensis in the commercially available DOL， and were consistent with the TLC verification results. ConclusionThere is a phenomenon that heartwood of D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis are sold as DOL in the market. 1H-NMR combined with multivariate statistical analysis can effectively distinguish DOL and its counterfeits， which can provide a reference for the identification of them.
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In this study, rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry(REIMS) fingerprints of 388 samples of roots of Pulsatilla chinensis(PC) and its common counterfeits, roots of P. cernua and roots of Anemone tomentosa were analyzed based on REIMS combined with machine learning. The samples were determined by REIMS through dry burning, and the REIMS data underwent cluster analysis, similarity analysis(SA), and principal component analysis(PCA). After dimensionality reduction by PCA, the data were analyzed by similarity analysis and self-organizating map(SOM), followed by modeling. The results indicated that the REIMS fingerprints of the samples showed the characteristics of variety differences and the SOM model could accurately distinguish PC, P. cernua, and A. tomentosa. REIMS combined with machine learning algorithm has a broad application prospect in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Algorithms , Anemone , Machine LearningABSTRACT
Authenticity verification is a very important aspect of medical device registration quality management system verification of medical device. How to verify the authenticity of samples is a problem worth discussing. This study analyzes the methods of authenticity verification from the aspects of product retention sample, registration inspection report, traceability of records, hardware facilities and equipment. In order to provide reference for relevant supervisors and inspectors in the verification of registration quality management system.
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ObjectiveIn order to establish a systematic quality evaluation system for Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus adulteration， portable near-infrared （NIR） spectroscopy was used to identify Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and its adulterants and detect their adulteration quantity. MethodA total of 72 batches of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus samples were collected and 570 batches of adulterated products （dry bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii， F. ussuriensis， F. pallidiflora and F. hupehensis， Bulbus Tulipae， flour） were prepared， NIR spectral data of samples were collected by the portable NIR spectrometer. Linear discriminant analysis （LDA） was used to establish the qualitative correction models of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus-adulterants and adulterants of different categories， partial least squares （PLS） was used to establish the quantitative correction models of adulteration quantity of different kinds of adulterants. ResultThe recognition rates of qualitative analysis model of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and its adulterants were 99.49% （calibration set） and 100.00% （validation set）， respectively. In different adulterant models， the recognition rates of calibration set and validation set were 70.47% and 73.68%， respectively. Moreover， the correlation coefficients of validation set （R2P） of the six quantitative models of adulteration ratio were 0.840 2 （Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus adulterated with F. thunbergii dry bulbs）， 0.960 2 （Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus adulterated with F. ussuriensis dry bulbs）， 0.765 7 （Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus adulterated with F. pallidiflora dry bulbs）， 0.902 5 （Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus adulterated with F. hupehensis dry bulbs）， 0.957 4 （Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus adulterated with Bulbus Tulipae）， 0.976 1 （Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus adulterated with flour）， the root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） were 10.948 5， 5.463 9， 13.256 4， 8.549 2， 5.655 3， 4.235 6， respectively. The two qualitative models and six quantitative models showed good prediction performance. ConclusionThe portable NIR spectroscopy can be used to identify Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and its adulterants in real time， the method is rapid and accurate， which can meet the requirements of nondestructive identification of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus on site.
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Objective:To explore the mediating effect of humor styles between individual authenticity and depression among college students.Methods:A total of 247 college students were surveyed by the humor styles questionnaire, the authenticity questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ.SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, and AMOS 23.0 software was used for structural equation model test.The Bootstrap method was applied to test the mediating effect.Results:(1)The individual authenticity score was (53.35±7.80), the depression score was 6.00(3.00, 11.00), and the scores of self-defeating, self-enhancing and affiliative humor styles were (15.00±3.45), (17.70±3.04) and (27.21±4.17). (2) Correlation analysis showed that individual authenticity was positively correlated with self-enhancing humor ( r=0.20, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with self-defeating humor and depression ( r=-0.16, P<0.05; r=-0.30, P<0.01). Self-enhancing humor was negatively correlated with depression ( r=-0.17, P<0.01). (3) The results of mediating analysis showed that the total effect between self-enhancing humor and depression was -0.318.The self-enhancing humor style had a partial mediating effect between individual authenticity and depression, with an effect value of -0.055 (95% CI=-0.103, -0.007), accounting for 17.3% of the total effect.The direct effect value of individual authenticity on depression was -0.245 (95% CI=-0.376, -0.119), accounting for 77.0% of the total effect. Conclusion:It indicates that individual authenticity can directly affect depression and also can affect depression through self-enhancing humor.It is helpful to understand the relationship between individual authenticity and mental health, and provide a strategic reference for preventing and intervention of depression among college students.
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Medidas de Liderança Autêntica concentrarem-se em escalas em modelo de heterorrelato, dificultando a avaliação de líderes em alguns processos da prática organizacional. A Escala de Avaliação do Líder Autêntico (EALA), desenvolvida e validada em formato de teste de julgamento situacional, pretende solucionar esse problema, mas é ainda carente de investigação de confiabilidade. Este estudo teve dois objetivos: investigar a confiabilidade da EALA, assim como verificar as diferenças entre grupos caracterizados por variáveis sociodemográficas. Participaram 41 profissionais brasileiros, dos quais 23 estavam exercendo funções de liderança. Os resultados indicaram bons índices de confiabilidade para a EALA, por meio de teste-reteste. Para o fator autoconsciência, foi encontrada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos caracterizados por estar ou não exercendo funções de liderança. Foram apresentadas análises sobre a qualidade do instrumento e sobre a teoria da Liderança Autêntica. Sugeriu-se a continuidade das investigações com a EALA por meio de estudos longitudinais.
Authentic Leadership Measures has focused on hetero-reported model scales, making it difficult to assess leaders in some organizational processes. The Authentic Leader Assessment Scale (EALA in Portuguese) was developed and validated in a situational judgment test format, aiming to solve this problem; but it is still lacking investigation of reliability. This study had two objectives: to investigate the reliability of EALA, and to verify the differences between groups characterized by socio-demographic variables. The study included 41 Brazilian professionals, among them 23 held leadership roles. The results indicated good reliability indexes for EALA, through test-retest. For the self-awareness factor, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups characterized by occupying or not occupying leadership roles. The study presents analyses on the instrument quality and on the Authentic Leadership theory. It is suggested to continue investigations with EALA throughout longitudinal studies.
Las medidas de Liderazgo Auténticas se enfocan en escalas en modelo hetero informe, dificultando la evaluación de líderes en algunos procesos de práctica organizacional. La Escala de Evaluación del Líder Auténtico (EALA), desarrollada y validada en un formato de prueba de juicio situacional, pretende resolver este problema, pero aún carece de investigación de la confiabilidad. Este estudio tuvo dos objetivos: investigar a confiabilidad de la EALA, así como verificar diferencias entre grupos caracterizados por variables sociodemográficas. Participaron 41 profesionales brasileños, de los cuales 23 ejercían funciones de liderazgo. Por medio del test-retest, los resultados indicaron buenos índices de confiabilidad para la EALA. Para el factor autoconciencia se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos caracterizados por estar o no ejerciendo funciones de liderazgo. Fueran presentados análisis sobre la calidad del instrumento y sobre la teoría del Liderazgo Auténtico. Se sugiere continuar las investigaciones con la EALA, por medio de estudios longitudinales.
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Resumo Este artigo usa o icônico texto Pele Negra, Máscaras Brancas de Frantz Fanon como um tropo metonímico para examinar a natureza dos "Estudos Brancos" por meio do enquadramento autobiográfico de um crítico Negro. O artigo está estruturado em três componentes. Em primeiro lugar, a identidade socialmente construída de "Branquitude" como incorporada, emergente e criticada por aqueles no (e do) projeto dos "Estudos Brancos". Em segundo lugar, é abordada a questão de como os "Estudos Brancos" servem como um projeto para "sustentar a Branquitude", à luz da crescente crítica social e cultural da Branquitude. Em terceiro, o artigo apresenta um argumento para a natureza performativa da Branquitude que cruza as fronteiras de raça e etnia. O artigo também aborda questões de autenticidade embutidas na política e nas interseções da performatividade de raça e cultura, ao mesmo tempo em que estende a noção de Branquitude, bem como de Negritude, como uma realização performativa.
Abstract This article uses the iconic text Black Skin/White Masks by Frantz Fanon as a metonymic trope to examine the nature of White Studies through the autobiographical frame of a Black critic. The article is structured around three components. First, the socially constructed identity of "Whiteness" as embedded in, emergent from, and critiqued by those in (and of) the project of White Studies. Second, it addresses the question of how White Studies serves as a project for "sustaining Whiteness," in light of increasing social and cultural critique of Whiteness. Third, the article initiates an argument for the performative nature of Whiteness that crosses borders of race and ethnicity. The article also address issues of authenticity embedded in the politics and intersections of performing race and culture while extending the notion of Whiteness, like Blackness, as a performative accomplishment.
Resumen Este artículo utiliza el icónico Black Skin, White Masks de Frantz Fanon como un tropo metonímico para examinar la naturaleza de los "estudios blancos" a través del marco autobiográfico de un crítico negro. El artículo está estructurado en tres partes. Primero, la identidad construida socialmente de "Blanquitud" como incorporada, emergente y criticada por aquellos en (y desde) el proyecto de "Estudios Blancos". En segundo lugar, aborda la cuestión de cómo "estudios blancos"sirven de proyecto para "sostener a la Blanquitud" a la luz de la creciente crítica social y cultural de Blanquitud. En tercer lugar, el artículo presenta un argumento a favor de la naturaleza performativa de Blanquitud que cruza los límites de la raza y la etnia. El artículo también aborda cuestiones de autenticidad incrustadas en la política y en las intersecciones de la performatividad de la raza y la cultura, al tiempo que amplía la noción de Blanquitud, así como de Negritud, como un logro performativo.
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Based on a research on judicial cases concerning the authenticity of electronic medical records in the past three years, the authors encountered judicial dilemmas in judicial practice. The challenges arise due to the special manifestations of electronic medical records, unclear and disputable criteria for the authenticity of electronic medical records, low application level of electronic medical records identification, and inconsistent responsibility attribution. In order to effectively apply the electronic medical record system, it is recommend to promote pre-litigation prevention by unifying the construction standards of the computerized patient record system, strengthening hospital electronic medical record management and entrusting third-party storage to ensure the evidential weight. In addition, it is necessary to establish standards for authenticity of medical records, improve the electronic medical record forensic identification system and clarify the attribution of the responsibility for untrue medical records, so as to improve the handling of such medical damage cases during litigation.
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Objective:To establish a new fast and accurate method for identifying the authenticity and specifications of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus based on electronic nose technology， and to discuss the feasibility of this technology in the identification of decoction pieces. Method:Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus was used as the research object， 80 batches of samples to be tested were collected， and the olfactory sensory data of the electronic nose were taken as independent variables （<italic>X</italic>）， the results of the method contained in the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic> were taken as the focus， and the traditional empirical identification results were used as benchmarking information （<italic>Y</italic>）. Four chemometric methods， including discriminant analysis （DA）， least square support vector machine （LS-SVM）， principal component analysis-DA （PCA-DA） and partial least squares-DA （PLS-DA）， were used to establish the identification model ［<italic>Y</italic>=<italic>F</italic>（<italic>X</italic>）］ of authenticity and commodity specifications of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus， respectively. Wherein， the identification accuracy and time-consuming was taken as indicators to discuss the results. Result:After cross-verification by leave-one-out method， the correct rates of the above four models were 93.75%， 91.25%， 95.00% and 95.00%， respectively， and the PCA-DA and PLS-DA identification models were the best in terms of authenticity identification. In specification identification， the correct rates of these four models were 86.67%， 88.00%， 89.33% and 68.00%， respectively， and the PCA-DA identification model was the best. The electronic nose had a high accuracy in the identification of authenticity and specification model， and the time consuming was relatively short. Conclusion:Electronic nose technology can identify Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus accurately and quickly， and has significant advantages in terms of timeliness and correct judgment rate.
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Propomos mapear as implicações do pensamento fenomenológico para as temáticas correlatas do self e da autenticidade, com ênfase na perspectiva merleau-pontyana. Perpassando as acepções distintas dos fatores identitário, unitário e relacional da experiência humana, encontramos três eixos tensionais em torno dos quais o conceito de self pode ser articulado: constância ou mudança, particularidade ou universal e pessoa ou mundo. Sob os diferentes enfoques descritivos deste campo de problemas, tais dilemas epistemológicos encontram-se redobrados em tensões éticas quando nos reportamos à questão da autenticidade. Enquanto as filosofias de Heidegger e Sartre, sob aproximações diferentes, concedem relativa centralidade à problemática da autenticidade, a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty, mesmo situada no diálogo direto com tais aportes de raiz comum husserliana, não concede ao tema a mesma importância de forma explícita. Ao tematizar o caráter eminentemente ambíguo da corporeidade, Merleau-Ponty oferece uma compreensão original da experiência do self e do ser autêntico: em contraponto à possibilidade radical de recuo, a inerência radical de contato. Concluímos que tal perspectiva apresenta como ganho a habilitação da apreensão descritiva, sem cair em contradição, do que há de concretude no indeterminado, de universal na singularização e de passividade na liberdade - e vice-versa, para todos os casos. (AU)
We propose to map the implications of the phenomenological thought for the correlated themes of self and authenticity, with an emphasis on the merleau-pontyan perspective. Throughout the different understandings of the identitary, unitary and relational factors of human experience, we observe three tension axes around which the concept of self can be articulated: constancy or change, particularity or universality and person or world. Under the different descriptive approaches of this field of problems, such epistemological dilemmas are redoubled in ethical tensions when we refer to the question of authenticity. While the philosophies of Heidegger and Sartre, under different approaches, grant relative centrality to the issue of authenticity, Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, although situated in direct dialogue with these contributions from the same Husserlian roots, does not give the theme the same explicit importance. By focusing on the eminently ambiguous character of corporeality, Merleau-Ponty offers an original understanding of the experience of the self and the authentic being: as opposed to the radical possibility of retreat, the radical inherence of contact. We conclude that such perspective presents as a gain the qualification of a descriptive apprehension, without falling into contradiction, of what there is of concreteness in the indeterminate, universal in singularization and passive in freedom - and vice versa, for all cases. (AU)
Proponemos mapear las implicaciones del pensamiento fenomenológico para los temas correlacionados del self y de la autenticidad, con énfasis en la perspectiva merleau-pontyana. A lo largo de los diferentes entendimientos de los factores identitarios, unitarios y relacionales de la experiencia humana, encontramos tres ejes de tensión en torno a los cuales se articula el concepto de self: constancia o cambio, particularidad o universalidad y persona o mundo. Bajo los diferentes enfoques descriptivos de este campo de problemas, tales dilemas epistemológicos se redoblan en tensiones éticas cuando nos referimos a la cuestión de la autenticidad. Si bien las filosofías de Heidegger y Sartre, bajo diferentes enfoques, otorgan una relativa centralidad al tema de la autenticidad, la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty, aunque ubicada en un diálogo directo con tales contribuciones de raíz común husserliana, no cede al tema la misma importancia de manera explícita. Al centrarse en el carácter eminentemente ambiguo de la corporeidad, Merleau-Ponty ofrece una comprensión original de la experiencia del self y del ser auténtico: en oposición a la posibilidad radical de retirada, la inherencia radical del contacto. Concluimos que dicha perspectiva presenta como ganancia la calificación de una aprehensión descriptiva, sin caer en contradicción, de lo que hay de concreto en lo indeterminado, universal en singularización y pasivo en libertad, y viceversa, para todos los casos. (AU)
Subject(s)
Philosophy , EgoABSTRACT
Um dos desafios das mudanças e evoluções das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) em corporações é a preservação das informações digitais. Entre as corporações com grande geração de informações digitais estão as universidades. Neste artigo, é apresentada uma estratégia para se elaborar uma política de preservação digital no bojo de uma política arquivística direcionada para a manutenção da autenticidade dos documentos de arquivo. O objetivo é expor um modelo para elaboração de políticas de preservação digital de documentos de arquivo por instituições de ensino superior (IES), com os elementos que devem compô-las, a partir da literatura estudada e da política elaborada e aprovada na Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). São apresentados os conceitos relacionados à política arquivística para a preservação digital de documentos de arquivo, sua definição, seus aspectos e elementos. Concluiu-se que o modelo pode ser adaptado para outros objetos digitais, bem como para outras instituições.
One of the challenges of the changes and evolutions of the information and communication technology (ICT) in corporations is the preservation of digital information. The universities are among the corporations with a large generation of digital information. This article presents a strategy for the elaboration of a digital preservation policy, in the context of an archival policy which is aimed at maintaining the authenticity of archival documents. The objective of this article is to present a model so that the higher education institutions could making policies for the digital preservation of their archival documents, showing the elements that must compose each one, based on the studied literature and on the policy elaborated in Unesp and which was officially approved by that institution. Concepts related to archival policy for the digital preservation of archival documents, their definition, aspects and elements are presented here. It was concluded that the model can be adapted for other digital objects, as well as for other institutions.
Uno de los desafíos de los cambios y la evolución de las TIC en las corporaciones es la preservación de informaciones digitales. Entre las corporaciones con una gran generación de información digital se encuentran las universidades. En este artículo, se presenta una estrategia para elaborar una política de preservación digital, en medio de una política de archivo dirigida a mantener la autenticidad de los documentos de archivo. El objetivo del artículo es presentar un modelo para la elaboración de políticas de preservación digital de documentos de archivo por instituciones de enseñanza superior, con los elementos que deben componerlas, basado en la literatura estudiada y en la política desarrollada y aprobada en la Unesp. Se presentan conceptos relacionados con la política de archivo para la preservación digital de documentos de archivo, su definición, aspectos y elementos. Se concluyó que este modelo puede adaptarse para otros objetos digitales, así como para otras instituciones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Records , Information Technology , Policy , Filing , Organizational Culture , Information Storage and Retrieval , Information Technology ManagementABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de modelagem conceitual da cadeia de custódia para os Registros Eletrônicos em Saúde (RES). O interesse em conhecer os critérios de autenticidade dos RES encaminhados dos serviços até o Portal do DATASUS gerou esta investigação. A pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e documental para prospecção e análise sobre autenticidade e preservação dos RES. A partir dos resultados encontrados foram identificados os custodiadores e a proposta de modelagem da cadeia de custódia para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Espera-se que os custodiadores modelados assimilem subsídios para a criação de repositórios digitais em saúde confiáveis e recomenda-se a adoção e a incorporação dos processos de gestão arquivística de documentos articulados com os da TI.
This article presents a proposal of conceptual modeling of the chain of custody for Electronic Health Records (EHR). The curiosity to know the authenticity criteria of the EHR sent from the services to the DATASUS Portal generated this investigation. The research is both exploratory and descriptive by means of a systemic literature and documental review for the prospection and analysis on authenticity and preservation of the EHR. According to the results found, the custodians and the proposal of custody chain modeling for Unified Health System (SUS) were identified. The modeled custodians are expected to assimilate subsidies for the creation of reliable digital health repositories. It is recommended that they adopt and incorporate the articulated processes of archival management to those from the IT.
Este artículo presenta una propuesta de modelado conceptual de la cadena de custodia para Registros Electrónicos en Salud (RES). La curiosidad por conocer los criterios de autenticidad de los RES enviados desde los servicios hacia el Portal DATASUS generó esta investigación. La investigación es exploratoria y descriptiva a través de una revisión sistemática de literatura y documental para la prospección y análisis de autenticidad y preservación de los RES. A partir de los resultados encontrados, se identificaron los custodios y la propuesta de modelado de la cadena de custodia para el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Se espera que los custodios modelados asimilen los subsidios para la creación de repositorios digitales en salud confiables y se recomienda la adopción e incorporación de los procesos de gestión de archivos de documentos articulados con los de TI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Archives , Unified Health System , Records , Electronic Health Records , Health Information Management , Information Technology , Filing , Systematic ReviewABSTRACT
This study describes the development and the search for initial validity evidence (content and internal structure) of the Authentic Leadership Rating Scale (ALRS), a situational judgment test. The initial scale consisted of 16 items presenting challenges in leadership situations. It was evaluated by ten specialists, after which 13 items obtained Fleiss' kappa indices that were considered good. Internal structure validity evidence was obtained through the application of Cognitive Diagnosis Models on data collected from 532 Brazilian professionals. Good fit indices were obtained for the Generalized Deterministic-input, Noisy-and-gate Model (G-DINA). We concluded that the ALRS is promising for the continuity of Authentic Leadership investigation and presented suggestions for a research agenda.
Este estudo descreve o desenvolvimento e as buscas de evidências de validade inicial (conteúdo e estrutura interna) da Escala de Avaliação do Líder Autêntico - EALA. Trata-se de um teste de julgamento situacional. A escala inicial contou com 16 itens expondo desafios em situações de liderança. Foi avaliada por dez especialistas, restando 13 itens que obtiveram índices Kappa de Fleiss considerados bons. As evidências de validade da estrutura interna foram obtidas com dados coletados de 532 profissionais brasileiros e por meio da aplicação de Cognitive Diagnosis Models. Foram obtidos bons índices de adequação para o Generalized Deterministic-input, Noisy-and-gate Model (GDINA). Concluiu-se que a EALA mostra-se promissora para a continuidade de pesquisas no campo da Liderança Autêntica e apresentaram-se sugestões para o prosseguimento das pesquisas.
Este estudio describe el desarrollo y las búsquedas de evidencias de validez inicial (contenido y estructura interna) de la Escala de Evaluación del Líder Auténtico - EALA. Se trata de una prueba de juicio situacional. La escala inicial contó con 16 ítems exponiendo desafíos en situaciones de liderazgo. Fue evaluada por diez especialistas, restando 13 ítems que obtuvieron índices Kappa de Fleiss considerados buenos. Las evidencias de validez de la estructura interna fueron obtenidas con datos recolectados de 532 profesionales brasileños y por medio de la aplicación de Cognitive Diagnosis Models. Se obtuvieron buenos índices de adecuación para el Generalized Deterministic-input, Noisy-and-gate Model (GDINA). Se concluyó que la EALA se mostró prometedora para la continuidad de investigaciones en el campo del Liderazgo Auténtico y se presentaron sugerencias para la continuación de las investigaciones.
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Este artigo é resultado do projeto de iniciação científica Os Caminhos da Autonomia que, através da realização de um grupo reflexivo, pretendeu promover a interação entre ex-moradores de rua abrigados em um projeto social, membros de uma parcela da população em situação de vulnerabilidade, para que esses indivíduos despertassem para suas realidades pessoais a partir desse trabalho conjunto, de modo a se tornarem agentes transformadores de si mesmos na construção de sua autonomia. Para tanto, a metodologia aplicada de grupos reflexivos teve por finalidade a escuta e as identificações dos seus integrantes dentro de uma mesma problemática, buscando alternativas para suas resoluções. Realizaram-se quinze encontros programados e direcionados por temas de interesses comuns, nos quais foram relatadas suas histórias de vida de forma que se pudesse descobrir as singularidades de cada uma dessas narrativas. Os resultados alcançados apontam para o amadurecimento emocional do grupo, a descoberta de possibilidades reais de conscientização, que viabilizem caminhos de autonomia, sendo objetivo maior o de reconhecer a motivação para as mudanças de sua realidade através da sua história...(AU)
This article is based on a scientific research named "Paths to Autonomy", an initiative to promote interactivity among persons currently participating in a Social Project focused on assisting groups exposed to social vulnerability. Through interactive activities developed in a Reflexive Group environment, the members of this group were stimulated to share personal life experiences to develop a sense of self perception, becoming agents able to transform themselves in order to build their own autonomy. The discussion group allowed to hear and identify participants facing troubling situations and looking for alternative solutions. Throughout 15 programmed encounters, considering common interests pointed out by the group, each member could expose their life history, stimulating the search for the singularity from each narrative. The main outcome were the improved emotional maturity of the group and the identification of real possibilities of individual awareness, leading to autonomy via inspiration provided by their own life experiences to change their life conditions...(AU)
Este artículo es el resultado del proyecto de iniciación científica "Los Caminos hacia la Autonomía" que, por medio de la formación de un grupo reflexivo, pretendió promover la interacción entre ex sin techos abrigados por un proyecto social, miembros de una parte de la población en situación de vulnerabilidad, para que, a partir de ese trabajo conjunto, esos individuos pudieran despertar para sus realidades personales y convertirse en agentes transformadores de sí mismos en la construcción de su autonomía. Para ello, la metodología aplicada de grupos reflexivos tuvo por finalidad la escucha y las identificaciones de sus integrantes dentro de una misma problemática, buscando alternativas para sus resoluciones. Se realizaron 15 encuentros programados y dirigidos por temas de intereses comunes, en los cuales relataron sus historias de vida para que se pudiera descubrir las singularidades de cada una de esas narrativas. Los resultados alcanzados apuntan la maduración emocional del grupo, la descubierta de posibilidades reales de concientización, que hacen posibles caminos hacia la autonomía, siendo el mayor objetivo reconocer, por medio de su historia, la motivación para cambiar su realidad...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Awareness , Work , Ill-Housed Persons , Disaster Vulnerability , Personal Autonomy , Psychology , Therapeutics , LifeABSTRACT
Resumen 11. Freud no criticó los fundamentos de la ética ni prescribió deberes, prohibiciones, aspiraciones o respuestas alternativas a problemas tradicionales, sino entregó una nueva manera de formular problemas morales. Existen tres áreas en que Freud insinuó una ética que sostiene una dirección diferente a la actual bioética.1. El carácter no ético del psicoanálisis no está incluido entre las técnicas de dominación o adoctrinamiento sino en las de veracidad, en lo que importa es el auto-reconocimiento, la mala comprensión es la ruta necesaria para la comprensión. 2. La postura final de Freud mismo hacia su propia muerte se puede llamar apropiación de su finitud, cuando él asumió su ser-referido-a-la-muerte, no como estar-en-su-final, indicando con ello que comprendió que el final siempre penetró en su vida. 3. En la auténtica comprensión de sí mismo, Freud entendió que la última potencialidad de su existencia fue abandonarse a sí, reveló su potencialidad para su no-potencialidad, haciéndose libre para su propio fin, aceptó su existencia en su finitud.
Abstract 15. Freud did not make a critique of foundations of ethics nor prescribed duties, prohibitions, aspirations or alternative answers to unchanged questions, but he gave a new manner of asking moral questions. There are three areas in which Freud implied an ethic that maintains a different direction from current bioethics.1. The fundamentally nonethical character of Freud´s psychoanalysis is not included in the techniques of domination or indoctrination but of veracity, what is at stake is selfrecognition, misunderstanding is the necessary path to understanding. 2. The final position of Freud himself to his own death can be called appropriation of his finitude, when he assumed his being-unto-death, not as a being-at-his-end, indicating thereby that he understood that the end always penetrated his whole existence. 3. In the authentic comprehension of his self, Freud understood that the ultimate potentiality of his existence was to relinquish his self, he revealed to his self his potentiality for non-potentiality, becoming free for his own end, he accepted his existence in its finitude.
Resumo 19. Freud não criticou os fundamentos da ética nem prescreveu deveres, proibições, aspirações ou respostas alternativas a problemas tradicionais, e sim apresentou uma nova maneira de formular problemas morais. Existem três áreas nas quais Freud insinuou uma ética que indica uma direção diferente da atual bioética. 1. O caráter não ético da psicanálise não está incluído entre as técnicas de dominação ou doutrinamento e sim nas de veracidade, onde o que importa é o auto-reconhecimento, a má compreensão é o caminho necessário para a compreensão. 2. A postura final de Freud, mesmo até sua morte, pode se chamar de "apropriação de sua finitude", quando ele assumiu seu ser-referido-à- morte, não como estar-em-seu-final, indicando com isto que compreendeu que o final sempre infiltrou sua vida. 3. Na autêntica compreensão de si mesmo, Freud entendeu que a última potencialidade de sua existência foi abandonar-se a si, revelou sua potencialidade para sua não-potencialidade, libertando-se para seu próprio fim, aceitou sua existência em sua finitude.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis/ethics , Bioethics , Attitude to Death , GuiltABSTRACT
Resumo Os fenômenos do esfacelamento das relações comunitárias e do isolamento crescente dos indivíduos uns em relação aos outros surgem de maneira expressiva no pensamento de diversos autores que se voltaram à descrição dos modos de vida da sociedade contemporânea. Retomamos a problematização do tema efetuada por Charles Taylor em As fontes do Self e em A ética da autenticidade. O autor identifica três "mal-estares" presentes na sociedade atual: o individualismo, o primado da razão instrumental e a alienação do indivíduo em relação à esfera política. Evitando uma leitura restritamente negativista de tais fenômenos, Taylor os apresenta como transformações das configurações dinâmicas que constituem os processos identitários modernos. Empreendemos um resgate das noções de identidade e autenticidade presentes nas obras supracitadas, visando uma compreensão sintética de tal cenário e das possibilidades apresentadas pelo autor de sua superação, ou seja, do resgate de sentidos perdidos pela fragmentação individualista.
Résumé Les phénomènes d'échec des relations communautaires et de l'isolement croissant des individus les uns envers aux autres apparaissent expressément dans les travaux de divers auteurs qui ont cherché à décrire les modes de vie de la société contemporaine. Nous reprenons cette discussion présentée par Charles Taylor dans Les sources du Moi et dans Le malaise de la modernité. L'auteur identifie trois « malaises ¼ présents dans la société moderne : l'individualisme, le primauté de la raison instrumentale et l'aliénation ede l'individu par rapport à la sphère politique. En évitant une lecture restrictive et négativiste de tels phénomènes, Taylor les présente comme des transformations des cadres dynamiques qui constituent les processus identitaires modernes. Nous entreprenons une étude des notions d'identité et d'authenticité présentes dans les œuvres mentionnés, afin de créer une compréhension synthétique d'un tel scénario, ainsi que des possibilités pour surmonter le problème, c'est-à-dire de récupérer les significations perdues par la fragmentation individualiste.
Resumen Los fenómenos del fracaso de las relaciones comunitarias y el aislamiento creciente de los individuos unos con otros surgen de manera expresiva en el pensamiento de diversos autores que trataron de describir los modos de vida de la sociedad contemporánea. Retomamos la problematización del tema efectuada por Charles Taylor en Fuentes del Yo y en La ética de la autenticidad. El autor identifica tres "malestares" presentes en la sociedad actual: el individualismo, el primado de la razón instrumental y la alienación del individuo en relación a la esfera política. Evitando una lectura restrictamente negativa de tales fenómenos, Taylor los presenta como transformaciones de las configuraciones dinámicas que constituyen los procesos identitarios modernos. Emprendemos un rescate de las nociones de identidad y autenticidad presentes en las citadas obras con el objetivo de hacer una comprensión sintética de tal escenario, así como de las posibilidades presentadas por el autor de su superación, es decir, del rescate de sentidos perdidos por la fragmentación individualista.
Abstract The collapsing of communitarian relations and the increasing isolation of individuals in relation to each other figure prominently in the studies of various authors who sought to describe contemporary ways of life. We address this issue as presented by Charles Taylor in Sources of the Self and in The ethics of authenticity. The author identifies three "malaises" that are present in modern society: individualism, the primacy of instrumental reason and the alienation of individuals from the political sphere. Proposing to avoid a restrictively negativist reading of such phenomena, Taylor presents them as transformations of the dynamic frameworks that constitute the modern identity. We undertook a study of the notions of identity and authenticity as presented in those books, aiming at a synthetic comprehension of this issue and investigating the possibilities of overcoming it, that is, of recovering the meanings lost by an individualist fragmentation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Identification , Social Isolation/psychology , Individuation , Interpersonal Relations , Life StyleABSTRACT
Aims: To detect the adulterant in edible oil rapidly.Study Design:Authenticity and adulteration detection in edible oils are the increasing challenges for researchers, consumers, industries and regulatory agencies. Traditional approaches may not be the most effective option to combat against adulteration in edible oils as that’s are complex, laborious, expensive, require a high degree of technical knowledge when interpreting data and produce hazardous chemical. Consequently, a cost effective, rapid and reliable method is required.Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted jointly in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and the Institute of Food Science and Technology, BCSIR, Dhaka. Methods:In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for adulteration detection in sunflower and rice bran oil. Sunflower oil was adulterated with soybean oil in the range of 10-50% (v/v) and rice bran oil was adulterated with palm oil inthe range of 4-40% (v/v) at approximately 10% and 5% increments respectively. FTIR spectra were recorded in the wavenumber range of 4000-650cm-1.Results:FTIR spectra data in the whole spectral range and reduced spectral range were used to develop a partial least square regression (PLSR) model to predict the level of adulteration in sunflower and palm oils. Good prediction model was obtained for all PLSR models with a coefficient of determination (R2) of >= 0.985 and root mean square errors of calibration(RMSEC) in the range of 0-1.7325%.Conclusion:The result suggested that FTIR spectroscopy associated with multivariate analysis has the great potential for a rapid and non-destructive detection of adulteration in edible oils laborious conventional analytical techniques.
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Background: concern about the quality of the water for human consumption has become widespread among the population. The taste and some problems associated with drinking water have been the cause of increased demand for bottled water. Due to this, day to day, a large number of companies has manifested their interest in the production of bottled water. Objective: to evaluate a novel automatic classification model that differentiates bottled water from tap water. Methods: the voltammetric technique consisted of three electrode setup. The output current has been considered for data analysis. From the results of grid search, six pairs of values were pre-selected for the parameters of σ and C whose results were similar. High values of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity were achieved in test dataset. The final decision was made after performing an ANOVA test of 100 repetitions of 5-fold cross-validation, 3000 models were evaluated with the parameter combinations described above for the SVM. Results: the oxidation and reduction peaks of the water samples have been observed to be prominent. Absolute values of current (I) increased in the case of public water samples, possibly due to the largest concentration of chloride ions which have higher contributions to the conductivity. 5-fold cross-validation test mean specificity resulted in C parameters values greater than 0 and between 0 and 30; a σ value greater than 10 and between 0 and 15 were found for tap water and bottled water, respectively. The combination (σ = 10, C = 30) presented best results in accuracy 0.988 ± 0.037, specificity 0.973 ± 0.085 and sensitivity 1 ± 0.09. Conclusions: results of this research work have shown that voltammograms for values of current increased for tap water samples, 9.94e-6µA, compared to 7.99e-6µA due to higher chloride ions concentration in the former. The parameters combination (σ = 10, C = 20) was selected as optimal parameters since there were no significant difference between this and the former.
Antecedentes: en la población hay una preocupación generalizada por la calidad del agua de consumo humano. El sabor y algunos problemas asociados con el agua potable han sido la causa del incremento en la demanda del agua embotellada. Debido a esto, un gran número de empresas han manifestado su interés en la producción de agua en botella. Objetivo: evaluar un nuevo modelo de clasificación automática que diferencie el agua embotellada del agua del grifo. Metodología: la técnica de voltametría consistió en la configuración de tres electrodos. Para el análisis de datos se consideró la corriente de salida y de los resultados de la búsqueda de cuadrícula y se seleccionaron seis pares de valores para los parámetros de σ y C, cuyos resultados fueron similares. Se lograron altos valores de precisión, especificidad y sensibilidad en el conjunto de datos de prueba. La decisión final se tomó después de realizar una prueba ANOVA de 100 repeticiones de validación cruzada de 5 veces y se evaluaron 3000 modelos con las combinaciones de parámetros descritas anteriormente para el SVM. Resultados: se observó que los picos de oxidación y reducción de las muestras de agua son prominentes. Los valores absolutos de corriente (I) aumentaron en el caso de muestras de agua pública, posiblemente debido a la mayor concentración de iones de cloruro que tienen una mayor contribución a la conductividad. La especificidad media de la prueba de validación cruzada 5 veces dio como resultado valores de parámetros C mayores que 0 y entre 0 y 30; se encontró un valor σ mayor que 10 y entre 0 y 15 para el agua de red pública y el agua embotellada, respectivamente. La combinación (σ = 10, C = 30) presentó los mejores resultados en precisión 0,988 ± 0,037, especificidad 0,973 ± 0,085 y sensibilidad 1 ± 0,09. Conclusiones: los resultados de este trabajo demostraron que los voltamogramas para valores de corriente, aumentaron para muestras de agua corriente, 9,94e-6 µA, en comparación con 7,99e-6 µA debido a una mayor concentración de iones de cloruro en el primer caso. La combinación de parámetros (σ = 10, C = 20) se seleccionó como parámetros óptimos, ya que no mostró diferencias significativas entre éste y el primer caso.
Subject(s)
Humans , Water Quality , Electronic Nose , Machine LearningABSTRACT
Resumo Considerando que o tema da autenticidade tem se tornado um importante referencial ético da sociedade contemporânea, discutimos neste trabalho as contribuições de Edith Stein para a compreensão do processo de formação da personalidade autêntica, com especial atenção à maneira como a corporeidade participa dessa dinâmica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, em que examinamos alguns textos steinianos que abordam diretamente o tema da estrutura da pessoa e seu processo formativo, especialmente O problema da empatia, Sobre a ideia de formação e Potência e ato, respectivamente com originais dos anos de 1917, 1930 e 1931. Discutido como processo de formação da personalidade e como princípio de individuação, Stein acentua a necessidade de considerarmos a pessoa em ato, como meio de conhecermos sua autêntica individualidade, mesmo havendo limites para esse conhecimento.
Résumé Considérant que le thème de l'authenticité est devenu un cadre éthique important pour la société contemporaine, cet article examine les contributions d'Edith Stein à la compréhension du processus de formation de la personnalité authentique, avec une attention particulière à la manière dont la corporéité participe à cette dynamique. C'est une recherche bibliographique dans laquelle sont examinés certains textes de Stein qui abordent directement le thème de la structure de la personne et son processus de formation, en particulier, Le problème de l'empathie; Concernant l'idée de formation et Puissance et Acte, avec des originaux des années 1917, 1930 et 1931, respectivement. Discuté en tant que processus de formation de la personnalité et principe d'individuation, Stein insiste sur la nécessité de considérer la personne en acte, afin de connaître son individualité authentique, même s'il y a des limites à cette connaissance.
Resumen Considerando que el tema de la autenticidad se ha convertido en un importante referencial ético de la sociedad contemporánea, discutimos en este trabajo las contribuciones de Edith Stein para la comprensión del proceso de formación de la personalidad auténtica, con especial atención a la manera como la corporeidad participa en esa dinámica. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica donde examinamos algunos textos steinianos que abordan directamente el tema de la estructura de la persona y su proceso formativo, especialmente El problema de la empatía; Sobre la idea de formación y Potencia y acto, respectivamente con originales de los años 1917, 1930 y 1931. Discutido como proceso de formación de la personalidad y como principio de individuación, Stein subraya la necesidad de considerar a la persona en acto, como medio de conocer su auténtica individualidad, aun habiendo límites para ese conocimiento.
Abstract Considering that the theme of authenticity has become an important ethical framework for contemporary society, this study discusses the contributions of Edith Stein to understand the process of authentic personality formation, with special attention to the way that corporeality participates in this dynamic. This is a bibliographical research, in which some texts from Stein are examined, which directly address the theme of structure of people and their formative process, especially, The problem of empathy, Concerning the idea of formation and Potency and act, with originals from the years 1917, 1930 and 1931, respectively. Discussed as a process of personality formation and as a principle of individuation, Stein emphasizes the need to consider the person in act, in order to know their authentic individuality, even though there are limits to this knowledge.