Selection of starter cultures for the production of sour cassava starch in a pilot-scale fermentation process

ABSTRACT Sour cassava starch (Polvilho azedo) is obtained from a spontaneous fermentation conducted by microorganisms from raw materials and fermentation tanks. This product is traditionally used in the baking industry for the manufacture of biscuits and Brazilian cheese breads. However, the end of fermentation is evaluated empirically, and the process occurs without standardization, which results in products of inconsistent quality. Predominant microbiota from a cassava flour manufacturer was isolated in order to select starter cultures for the production of sour cassava starch in a pilot-scale fermentation process. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were isolated, enumerated and grouped by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, and PCR fingerprinting, respectively. One isolate of each molecular profile was identified by sequencing of the rRNA gene. LAB were prevalent throughout the entire process. Lactobacillus brevis (21.5%), which produced the highest values of acidity, and Lactobacillus plantarum (13.9%) were among the most frequent species. Pichia scutulata (52.2%) was the prevalent yeast and showed amylolytic activity. The aforementioned species were tested as single and mixed starter cultures in a pilot-scale fermentation process for 28 days. L. plantarum exhibited better performance as a starter culture, which suggests its potential for the production of sour cassava starch.

Formulación, análisis nutrimental y sensorial de productos de panadería a base de una mezcla cereal-leguminosa (Phaseolus vulgaris y Lupinus albus) en México / Formulation, nutrimental and sensory analysis of bakery products made from a cereallegume mixture (Phaseolus vulgaris and Lupinus albus) in Mexico

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la formulación y evaluación de galletas y grissinis a base de una mezcla cereal-leguminosa, así como evaluar el grado de satisfacción y preferencia en un grupo de adultos y niños en México. Para la elaboración de los productos de panadería se empleó una combinación de harina de trigo-leguminosa de 55:45 para las galletas, mientras que para los grissinis fue de 68:32. En cuanto al contenido de proteína de los productos, presentaron valores de 10,65±0,06 a 12,09±0,30 g/100g. Por su parte, el contenido de fibra varió desde 0,39±0,30 hasta 3,84±0,37 g/100g. En cuanto a la prueba de grado de satisfacción se identificó que todos los productos fueron del agrado de los participantes, obteniendo calificaciones superiores a 0 (ni me gusta ni me disgusta). Mientras que en la prueba de preferencia, los productos elaborados con frijol, fueron preferidas en un mayor número de ocasiones que los de lupino. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo de adultos y niños en los puntajes otorgados a todos los productos, lo que se puede relacionar con la familiaridad hacia éste tipo de alimentos(AU)

The objective of this work was the formulation and evaluation of cookies and grissinis based on a cereal-legume mixture, as well as the degree of satisfaction and preference in a group of adults and children in Mexico. For the preparation of bakery products, a combination of wheat flour and legume of 55:45 was used for cookies, while for grissinis it was 68:32. In terms of protein content of the products, there were found values from 10,65±0,06 to 12,09±0,30 g/100g. On the other hand, the fiber content varied from 0,39±0,30 to 3,84±0,37 g/100g. As for the degree of satisfaction test, it was identified that all the products were liked by the participants, obtaining ratings above 0 (I do not like or dislike it). While in the preference test, all products made with beans were preferred in a greater number of occasions than those with lupine. Statistically significant differences were found between the group of adults and children in the scores awarded to all the products, being able to relate to the familiarity towards this type of food

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of diet and regular biscuitsprepared with yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

Diet and regular biscuits were prepared using fresh yacon (in natura), besides those including 20 % and40 % of yacon flour. The physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of these biscuits were evaluated.The addition of sugar in the biscuits made from yacon flour (20 % and 40 %) increased the diametervalues. The addition of sweetener (replacing the sugar) in biscuits made from fresh yacon increased thespecific volume value. Regarding to the physical characteristics, no significant differences were evidencedamong the formulated biscuits and their respective controls. In relation to the sensory analysis, biscuitsmade from fresh yacon presented acceptable means, as well as the biscuits made from 20 % yacon flour(with sugar or sweetener). No significant differences were found between the sugar-added biscuits andthe sweetener-added cookies, except for those made from 40 % yacon flour and containing sugar, whichdid not show good acceptability, and neither for purchase intention. Biscuits prepared with yacon flourshowed significantly high fiber contents, being considered as fiber-rich and low-calorie products. Thisinvestigation evidenced that biscuits made from fresh yacon are an excellent option for easy homemadepreparations...

Biscoitos convencionais e do tipo diet foram elaborados utilizando-se yacon fresco (in natura), além da adição de 20 % e 40 % de sua farinha. Os biscoitos foram avaliados quanto às características físicas, químicas e sensoriais. A adição de açúcar nos biscoitos elaborados com farinha de yacon (20 % e 40 %) provocou aumento nos valores de diâmetro. A substituição de açúcar por adoçante, nos biscoitos elaborados com yacon fresco, favoreceu o aumento do volume específico. Não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas nas características físicas entre os biscoitos formulados e os respectivos controles. Em relação à análise sensorial, os biscoitos elaborados com yacon fresco apresentaram médias aceitáveis, bem como os biscoitos preparados com 20 % de farinha de yacon (diet e convencional). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os biscoitos elaborados com açúcar ou com adoçante, exceto para àqueles preparados com 40 % de farinha de yacon (com açúcar), que não demonstraram boa aceitabilidade, tampouco quanto à intenção de compra. Os biscoitos preparados com farinha de yacon apresentaram maior conteúdo de fibra. Portanto, estes são produtos ricos em fibras e de baixa caloria. É importante ressaltar que os biscoitos elaborados com yacon fresco são excelente opção para serem reproduzidos em preparações caseiras...

Determinação polarográfica do ácido L-ascórbico em produtos de panificação contendo polisorbato 60 ou 80 / Polarographic determination of ascorbic acid in bread products containing polysorbate 60 or 80

Os autores estabeleceram método polarográfico para determinar ácido Lsascórbico na presença de polissorbato eo ou 80 em produtos de panificação, devido à imprecisão na sua determinação pelos métodos usuais. A oxidação anódica do ácido ascórbíco foi realizada em presença da solução-tampão de ace ta to, p H 4,6. Pelo método proposto foram estudadas interferências de alguns aditivos permitidos nas formulações para panificação e também da substância oxidante, o bromato de potássio (AU).