Job satisfaction among nurses in area hospitals of Djidja and Covè: Determinants and development of intervention in 2021 in Benin

In Benin, nurses complain of insufficient job satisfaction. This study is the third part of a mixed research project. The aim of this article was to develop an intervention to improve nurses' job satisfaction. Participatory action research with intervention mapping was carried out in 2021. Purposive sampling was used. Interviews and panel discussions were held with 40 participants, nurses and administrative staff from the Djidja and Covè area hospitals. A number of internal factors contributed to the nurses' job satisfaction. However, external factors also militated in favor of insufficient job satisfaction among nurses. This confirms the results of quantitative evaluation of nurses' job satisfaction, in line with a number of authors. The panelists agreed ona major workshop and satisfaction improvement program. They agreed on quantified objectives, a logic model, terms of reference, a logical framework and an evaluation plan. Participants also agreed on the development of nursing work management tools. The determinants of nurses' job satisfaction are examined in depth, some of which are confirmed, also confirming a lack of job satisfaction. The workshop will focus on three interventions selected from the literature, merged and adapted by the participants. None of these interventions has been tested in sub-Saharan Africa. Intervention implementation and evaluation will be the subject of future research. Key words: Benin; Job satisfaction; Nurses; Action research; Determinants; Intervention.Pour citer cet article: ADOGNIBO S. Gérardetal. Job satisfaction among nurses in area hospitals of Djidja and Covè: Determinants and development of intervention in 2021 in Benin. Revue de Médecine et de Santé Publique

Knowledge and practices toward COVID-19 preventive measures and symptoms: A case-control study in Benin

Introduction. Following communication and awareness actions related to COVID-19, we assessed the knowledge and practices about COVID-19 in Benin. Methods. A case-control survey was conducted from 14 September to 20 October 2020 in Benin. Questions relatingto knowledge and practices on COVID-19 were collected through a questionnaire survey. A total of 312 respondents (104 cases and 208 controls) were included in the study. Logistic regression and Spearman correlation tests were used to examine the relation between participants knowledge and practice at a 5% significance level. Results. From the survey, 65.4% of cases and 68.3% of controls knew about COVID-19 transmission via air droplets. Most of the cases (67.31%) and control (79.81%) participants reported cough as a symptom of COVID-19. Handwashing with soap and water was the most protective measure known by 87.5% of cases and 90.87% of controls. Concerning practice, the cloth mask was the type mostly worn by cases (54.81%) and controls (58.65%). Wearing a face mask in public areas was significantly associated with the COVID-19 health status of respondents (OR = 2.98, CI95% [1.16-7.67]; p = 0.022). Furthermore, a significantly positive correlation exists between knowledge of the COVID-19 protective measures and hand hygiene practices when leaving a public place (r = 0.184, p=0.001). Conclusion. Through this study, we observed some discrepancies between the knowledge and practices related to COVID-19 among cases and controls surveyed. Therefore, efforts should be directed toward raising awareness about the disease to improve their knowledge and practices

Socioecological analysis of determinants of early adolescent sexuality in Benin: a qualitative study

Introduction: early adolescent sexuality is associated with an increase in risky sexual behaviour, unwanted pregnancies, and the occurrence of sexually transmitted infections. However, despite the efforts of governments and their partners, the implementation and effectiveness of appropriate and adapted services to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health are lagging. Therefore, this study aimed to document determinants of early adolescent sexuality in the central district of Tchaourou in Benin based on a socio-ecological approach. Methods: an explorative and descriptive qualitative study was conducted using focus groups and individual interviews based on the socio-ecological model. Participants included adolescents, parents, teachers, and community leaders in Tchaourou. Results: the number of participants in each focus group was 8 (32). There were 20 girls and 12 boys aged 10-19 years, of whom 16 were students (7 females and nine males) and 16 were apprentice dressmakers and hairdressers. In addition, five participants attended individual interviews (two community leaders, one religious' leader, one teacher and one parent). Four themes were identified that influence early sexuality among adolescents and grouped into individual determinants related to knowledge about early sexuality; interpersonal determinants related to adolescents' function, including the influence of family and peers; community and organizational determinants related to where harmful sociocultural norms; political determinants comprising the disadvantaged socioeconomic status of the communities where adolescents live. Conclusion: many factors at multiple social levels influence early adolescent sexuality in the commune of Tchaourou in Benin. Therefore, interventions directed at these various levels are needed urgently.

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius Smith Roots Extracts

Aims: This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius extracts. Methodology: Thus, phytochemical screening was qualitatively accessed using colorations or precipitations methods. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity, using the diffusion method, was evaluated on eight strains including two reference strains (Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and six clinically isolated S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by the microdilution method. Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, anthocyanins, mucilages, saponosides, C-heterosides and O-heterosides. Antimicrobial activity showed that the ethanolic extract with the lowest MIC (1.25 mg/ml) inhibited reference strains (S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and clinical isolated S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains. The largest inhibition diameter (19± 1.33) was obtained with the ethanolic extract against clinical isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (15.5± 1) against the reference one. The aqueous extract inhibited only reference strains. Conclusions: The data of this study indicate that the extracts of S. latifolius present antimicrobial properties. This may justify its traditional use in the treatment of microbial infections.

Ethnobotanical Survey and Agro-Morphological Characterization of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Zingiberaceae) Cultivars in South Benin

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Zingiberaceae), a cultivated annual herbaceous plant is one of the most important spices consumed in the world with many medicinal properties. It is an income-generating plant for its production. This study aims to document endogenous knowledge on speculation as well as an agro-morphological characterization in order to make it better known and to reveal its potential to the whole world. The ethnobotanical data obtained by a semi-structured survey conducted from a questionnaire in six (06) municipalities in southern Benin made it possible to determine the local taxonomy of Ginger, the cultural practices and the different uses of the species. Ginger has been introduced in Benin for decades and in all the area study. The local names for the species as well as its uses, vary according to locality. As for the agro-morphological characterization, a complete random block device composed of five sub-plots was used. The experimental data allowed us to obtain three classes with all the accessions collected. Ginger cultivation is widespread in the study area with production on a small area. The cultivation techniques adopted do not follow any defined technical itinerary and the production tools are often rudimentary. The cultivation of ginger is therefore limited despite its multiple medicinal and economic potential. The institutions in charge of agriculture do not have data concerning the cultivation of ginger in southern Benin.

Ethnicity, Urbanization And Agricultural Growth In Benin

In order to promote agricultural growth and urbanization of rural areas, ethnicity poses many dysfunctions in land governance concerning the rules, processes and structures mediating decisions on access, use and control of land, as well as the technique of managing conflicting land decisions and interests. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of urbanization and ethnicity on agricultural growth in Benin. Using VAR modeling on data covering the period 1995-2019, the results show that agricultural population negatively affects agricultural growth and ethnicity positively and significantly affects agricultural growth. Thus, it would be very interesting to take into account the evolution of agricultural population and ethnicity in the design and implementation of reforms in the agricultural sector in Benin.

Characteristics of Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Medicine for Oral Diseases Treatment in Southern Benin

Background of the Study: In the oral health field, dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most frequent pathologies that affect all population to different degrees. In Benin, oral diseases constitute a serious public health problem. Care, whether curative or preventive, requires an investment that many cannot afford in developing countries like Benin. Because of oral diseases extent, appropriate solutions must be found to improve oral health in Benin. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected through ethnobotanical surveys in the districts of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-Novo from May to August 2021. Aim: This study aims to identify the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat oral diseases. Methodology: Prior to the ethnobotanical study itself, we proceeded to locate the markets where medicinal plants are sold in the study area. Then, in order to ensure a high objectivity degree of the data obtained during our study, the survey is carried out used a preestabilished questionnaires. The questionnaire focused on the following main points: (1) Profile of the respondent (surname, first name, age, gender, education level and experience in the field), (2) informations on the recipe (oral uses, vernacular and scientific names, parts used, preparation method, route and mode of administration, contraindications and side effects). The medicinal plants vendors were selected based their availability displays size and frequency level of displays. Results: One hundred and three (103) medicinal plants species were identified, divided into forty-four (44) families and ninety-one (91) genera. The most used plants are Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (11.72%), Ocimum americanum (4.88%), Ocimum gratissimum (4.39%), Lantana camara (2.93%), Bridelia ferruginea (2.93%), Moringa oleifera (2.44%), Lippia multiflora (2.44%), Mangifera indica (2.44%), Dialium guineense (2.44%), Pseudocedrela kotschyi (1.95%), Justicia flava (1.95%), Uvaria chamae (1.95%) and Xylopia aethiopica (1.95%). The most commonly plant parts used were leaves and roots. The decoction of these parts in mouthwash or gargle is most used for oral diseases treatment. Conclusion: The flora of Benin contains a rich diversity of plants. Many of which are used in traditional Beninese medicine and have the potential to provide pharmacologically active natural products. In order to know the different plants used to treat oral diseases, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in southern Benin (district of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-novo).

Nutritional and Sensory Profiles of Functional Breads Produced from Partial Substitution of Wheat Flour by Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) Flour

The present study aims to formulate and develop functional breads from wheat and pigeon pea flour and evaluate their nutritional and sensory qualities. Indeed, different composite bread formulations have been made by partial substitution of wheat flour with pigeon pea flour in varying proportions (10%, 20% 25% 50%), and the nutritional and sensory characteristics of the different breads produced were evaluated. Results indicated that the protein content of the composite breads significantly increases (p <0.005) according to the pigeon pea flour incorporation rate. However, the evaluation of sensory characteristics indicated that only composite breads result from the incorporation rate of 10% of pigeon pea flours have organoleptic characteristics appreciated by the panel of tasters. These results therefore underline that the perception and opinion of consumers are very important parameters to be taken into account in any innovation process in the field of food technology.

Spatial Scale Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Gene Flow in Populations of Sweet Detar (Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.; Fabaceae)

The main objective of this study is to investigate the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within populations of Detarium microcarpum (Fabaceae) relative to different spatial conditions. Seventy-eight (78) accessions of D. microcarpum belonging to six populations (Phytogeographic districts) were sampled. In order to have very good quality DNA for molecular analysis, an optimization of the DNA isolation protocol was made. The molecular analysis of the accessions was carried out using 7 chloroplast microsatellite markers. The polymorphism rate (P) is 85.71% and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was in the range of 0.43 (Ntcp_9) to 0.73 (Ccmp_2) with an average of 0.59. Allelic richness (A) ranged from 1.41 to 2.85 with an average of 2.04. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.23 to 0.60 with an average of 0.39. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.43 to 0.60 with a mean of 0.50. Wright's fixation index (FIS) ranged from -0.17 to 0.47. The effective allele (Ae) is between 1.77 and 2.53 with an average of 2.02. Wright differentiation index (FST) was 0.024. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NST value was significantly higher than the GST value (NST = 0.452; GST = 0.190; p <0.05). A relatively low hd haplotype diversity is obtained (Hd = 0.320). AMOVA analysis showed that 17.35% of the variation existed within populations but 45.80% among populations within the species. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree of D. microcarpum revealed three non-distinct clusters haplotypes showing the existence of gene flow between populations of the species. Our findings of genetic structure and gene flow of D. microcarpum populations based on different spatial conditions is caused by evolutionary forces such as scattering and pollination.

Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Personnel in a Hospital Setting in Parakou in 2017

Aims: To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care personnel regarding venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis (VTE) in the hospital setting to Parakou in 2017. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of medicine and medical specialties, Departments of surgery and surgical specialties, Departments of gyneco-obstetrics and intensive care at the Hospital University of Parakou (CHUD-B), in northern Benin, between February 2017 and May 2017. Methodology: We included all health professionals working in these services who consented to participate. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines for the management of VTE were used as the reference for the assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices. The evaluation form consisted of two parts, one addressed to physicians and the other to paramedics. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software with a significance level of 5% for comparisons. Results: A total of 223 health workers participated in the study. The knowledge level of the health workers was good in 52.47%, attitudes were correct in 37.67% and practices were adequate in 4.32%. Overall, health professionals had a good knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) score in 5.83% of the cases. Factors significantly associated with a good overall KAP score were practice on medical departments, continuing education of staff, status of doctors, knowledge of VTE guidelines and existence of VTE prevention protocols. Conclusion: Venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis is moderately known by the health care personnel in Parakou, but attitudes and practices are not satisfactory. This highlights the need for continuous training.

Undernutrition and associated factors in primary schoolchildren in Lokossa, Benin: a cross-sectional study / Desnutrición y factores asociados en estudiantes de primaria en Lokossa, Benin: un estudio transversal / Desnutrição e fatores associados em escolares de escolas primária em Lokossa, Benin: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of stunting and thinness and sociodemographic, household, family, dietary, and scholar associated factors in schoolchildren living in Lokossa-Benin. Methods: a survey conducted in a probabilistic sample (n=615) of primary schoolchildren (8-17 years), from 12/2018 to 01/2019, using structured questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. Thinness and stunting were defined as Height-for-age and Body Mass Index-for-age below-2 standard deviations, respectively. Associations were estimated by chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: thinness and stunting prevalence was 13.1% (95%CI:9.0-18.7) and 25.5% (95%CI:20.6-31.2), respectively. Odds of thinness were higher among older schoolchildren and those who experienced hunger at school. Odds of stunting increased with age, low diet diversity, experiencing hunger at school, and having school meal five days a week (OR:2.09; 95%CI:1.29-3.36). Conclusions: stunting was the most common problem. Older schoolchildren and those with food deprivation or poor diet diversity were the most affected.

RESUMEN Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de baja estatura y delgadez en estudiantes de Lokossa-Benin y factores sociodemográficos, domésticos, familiares, dietéticos y escolares asociados. Métodos: encuesta en una muestra probabilística (n=615) de escolares de 8 a 17 años mediante cuestionario estructurado y recordatorio de 24 horas. La baja estatura y la delgadez se definieron como la talla para la edad y el índice de masa corporal para la edad inferior a-2 desviaciones estándar, respectivamente. Las asociaciones se estimaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística. Resultados: las prevalencias de delgadez y baja estatura fueron 13,1% (IC95%:9,0-18,7) y 25,5% (IC95%:20,6-31,2). Las probabilidades de estar delgadas eran más altas entre los estudiantes mayores que informaron tener hambre en la escuela. Las posibilidades de estatura baja aumentaron con la edad, la diversidad dietética baja, y los informes sobre el hambre en la escuela y los almuerzos escolares cinco días a la semana (OR:2,09; IC95%:1,29-3,36). Conclusiones: la baja estatura fue el problema más común y los estudiantes mayores, con privación de alimentos o baja diversidad alimentaria fueron los más afectados.

RESUMO Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de baixa estatura e magreza em escolares de Lokossa-Benin e fatores sociodemográficos, domiciliares, familiares, alimentares e da escola associados. Métodos: inquérito em amostra probabilística (n=615) de escolares com idade entre 8 e 17 anos usando questionário estruturado e recordatório-24 horas. Baixa estatura e magreza foram definidas como Estatura-para-idade e Índice de Massa Corporal-para-idade inferior a-2 desvios-padrão, respectivamente. Associações foram estimadas pelo Teste do Qui-Quadrado e regressão logística. Resultados: prevalências de magreza e baixa estatura foram 13,1% (IC95%: 9,0-18,7) e 25,5% (IC95%: 20,6-31,2). As chances de magreza foram maiores entre escolares mais velhos e que relataram sentir fome na escola. Chances de baixa estatura aumentaram com idade, baixa diversidade alimentar, relatar fome na escola e merenda escolar cinco dias/semana (OR:2,09; IC95%:1,29-3,36). Conclusões: a baixa estatura foi o problema mais comum e escolares mais velhos, com privação alimentar ou baixa diversidade alimentar foram os mais afetados.

Prevalence and risk factors of depression among undergraduate medical students in a Nigerian university

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of depression among undergraduate medical students at the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was carried out at the University of Benin. Participants: Three hundred medical students were recruited for this study. Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire were used to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression, respectively. Results: The students' age ranged from 15 ­ 34 years, with a mean age of 21.8 ± 3.3 years. Many risk factors which could predispose students to depression were identified. Overall, 96 (32.0%) students were found to have depression. Of these, 59 (19.0%) had mild depression, 4 (1.3%) had severe depression, 53 (39.3%) were pre-clinical students, and 43 (26.1%) were clinical students. Emotional problems (OR 2.205, 95% CI 1.122 ­ 3.749, p = 0.020), financial challenges (OR 3.971, 95% CI 2.170 ­ 7.269, p < 0.001) and smoking (OR 6.877, 95% CI 1.731 ­ 27.327, p = 0.006) were the significant independent predictors of depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was high among medical students. There is a need to include screening for risk factors of depression in the routine medical examinations for new students admitted into medical schools

Prévalence et facteurs associés au diabète chez les conducteurs de taxi-motos de la ville de Parakou (Bénin) en 2021 / Prevalence and associated factors with diabetes among motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Parakou (Benin) in 2021

Introduction : le diabète est un véritable fléau mondial par sa prévalence en croissance. Les objectifs de la présente étude étaient de déterminer la prévalence du diabète et d'identifier les facteurs associés au diabète chez les conducteurs de taximotos de la ville de Parakou en 2021. Méthodes : il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique concernant les conducteurs de taxi-motos de la ville de Parakou et réalisée du 08 février au 31 mars 2021. Résultats : au total 422 conducteurs de taxi-motos enquêtés. L'âge moyen était de 36,45±10 ans ; 85,8% avaient un revenu mensuel d'au moins 40000 FCFA, 9,7% avaient une hypertension artérielle. L'anxiété et la dépression étaient présentes respectivement chez 5,5% et 15,9 % des sujets enquêtés. La prévalence du diabète était de 2,84%. Les facteurs qui étaient significativement associés sont l'âge de 30 ans et plus (p=0,001), le tour de taille élevé (p=0,03) et la durée de sommeil journalier anormale (p=0,03). Conclusion : la prévalence du diabète est faible chez les conducteurs de taxi-motos et les facteurs associés sont l'âge de 30 ans et plus, le tour de taille élevé et la durée de sommeil journalier anormale. Il est important de communiquer pour un changement de comportement afin que les conducteurs de taximotos adoptent une hygiène de vie saine.

Introduction: Diabetes is a real global scourge due to its growing prevalence. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of diabetes and to identify the associated factors with diabetes among motorcycle cab drivers of Parakou city in 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of motorcycle cab drivers in Parakou, city conducted from February 8 to March 31, 2021. Results: a total of 422 subjects surveyed. The average age was 36.45±10 years; 85.8% had a monthly income of at least 40,000 FCFA, 9.7% had high blood pressure. Anxiety and depression were present respectively in 5.5% and 15.9% of the subjects surveyed. The prevalence of diabetes was 2.84%. The factors that were significantly associated with diabetes were age 30 years and older (p=0.001), high waist circumference (p=0.03) and abnormal daily sleep duration (p=0.03). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes is low among motorcycle cab drivers and the associated factors are age 30 years and over, high waist circumference and abnormal daily sleep duration.

Referral conditions for severe road traffic injuries and their influence on the occurrence of hospital deaths in Benin

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death by trauma. Delays in in first aid due, inter alia, to the long time to transfer traffic accident victims to hospital and the lack of pre-hospital emergency care, contribute to the increase in hospital mortality. This study aims to analyse the referral conditions for severe road traffic injuries and to assess their effect on the occurrence of hospital deaths in Benin. This is an analytical prospective cohort study conducted in road accident victims with a severe injury. Four groups of factors were studied: referral conditions, sociodemographic and victim-specific characteristics, factors related to the accident environment, and factors related to health services. A top-down binary stepwise logistic regression was the basis for the analyses. Nine point eight percent of severe trauma patients died after hospital admission (7.0-13.5). Associated factors were referral time greater than 1 hour (RR=5.7 [1.5-20.9]), transport to hospital by ambulance (RR=4.8 [1.3-17.3]) and by the police or fire department (RR=7.4 [1.8- 29.7]), not wearing protective equipment (RR=4.5 [1.4-15.0]), head injuries (RR=34.8 [8.7-139.6]), and no upper extremity injuries (RR=20.1 [2.3-177.1]). To reduce the risk of hospital death in severe road traffic injuries, it is important to ensure rapid and medicalized referral of severe trauma patients in Benin.

Fibromyalgie en réeducation fonctionnelle à Cotonou: caractéristiques et vécu socio-professionnel des patients / NA

La fibromyalgie est une affection de douleur chronique, peu connue sous les tropiques. Elle pourrait altérer le vécu quotidien des patients. Objectif : Présenter les caractéristiques des cas de fibromyalgie suivis en Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou, de même que le retentissement socio-professionnel noté chez ces patients. Méthode : Etude transversale de type descriptif ayant porté sur 60 patients diagnostiqués fibromyalgiques selon les critères de l'ACR 1990 et suivis en rééducation fonctionnelle du CNHU-HKM du 31 décembre 2009 au 30 Avril 2015. Ces patients ont été réévalués du 31 octobre 2014 au 30 Avril 2015 avec l'auto-questionnaire de Dallas pour apprécier le retentissement socio-professionnel de leur affection. Résultats : L'âge moyen des patients a été de 48,55 ans. Il s'agissait de 91,7% de femmes. La douleur était de type variable. Sa durée d'évolution était en moyenne de 89,38±74,77 mois. Elle était d'installation progressive (73,4%), intermittente (50%) et d'intensité au moins forte (88,4%). Des points douloureux spécifiques ont été identifiés dans notre série. La principale étiologie évoquée par les patients était la dépression et l'anxiété (95%). Un important retentissement des activités quotidiennes, professionnelles et des interactions sociales a été noté chez la majorité des patients. Conclusion : Les répercussions de la fibromyalgie sur les patients sont assez marquées. Il paraît judicieux d'associer à la rééducation un accompagnement psycho-social chez ces patients.

Bilan anatomique et fonctionnel de la tympanoplastie en technique Underlay / Anatomical and functional overview of underlay tympanoplasty technique

Introduction : La tympanoplastie en technique underlay vise à mettre un greffon en dessous des reli quats tympaniques. Le but de l'étude était d'en évaluer les résultats anatomiques et fonctionnels au Bénin. Méthode : il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective réalisée dans le service d'ORL-CCF de l'Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées de Cotonou de novembre 2016 à octobre 2018. Ont été inclus tous les patients ayant bénéficié d'une tympanoplastie en technique underlay pour une otite moyenne chronique simple à tympan ouvert. Les données anatomiques et fonctionnelles pré et post-opératoires ont été comparées à trois mois post-opératoire. Résultat : En deux ans, 10 patients ont bénéficié d'une tympanoplastie soit une incidence de 5 cas par an. L'âge moyen des patients était de 26 ans avec des extrêmes de 17 et 39 ans et une sex-ratio de 0,66. L'abord chirurgical retro-auriculaire et la technique underlay ont été utilisés pour tous les patients. Aucun patient n'a été opéré des deux oreilles. La fermeture de la perfo ration tympanique a été objectivée chez 8 patients sur 10 avec 2 cas de surinfection post-opératoire. Le gain audiométrique moyen a été de 25 dB. Le rinne audiométrique était supérieur à 20 dB chez tous les patients en pré-opératoire et chez 3 patients en post-opératoire. Conclusion : La tympanoplastie est une chirurgie rare au Bénin. Réalisée par la voie retro-auriculaire et la technique underlay, elle a permis d'obtenir d'excellents résultats en termes de fermeture anatomique du tympan mais aussi un gain auditif significatif. C'est une technique à recommander dans nos contextes au Bénin

Échographie thoracique dans le diagnostic des pleuropneumopathies de l'adulte à Parakou, Bénin en 2019 / NA

Objectif : Evaluer l'apport de l'échographie thoracique (ET) dans le diagnostic des pleuropneumopathies de l'adulte au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou et de l'Alibori (CHUD-B/A). Patients et Méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive analytique réalisée sur la période allant du 15 Mars au 15 Aout 2019. Un examen pleuropulmonaire (EPP), une radiographie thoracique (RT) et une ET ont été réalisés aux patients adultes reçus dans le service d'imagerie médicale et présentant des symptômes fonctionnels respiratoires. Les indicateurs de performance diagnostique de l'ET ont été calculés en prenant la RT comme examen de référence. Résultats : Sur les 83 patients inclus, l'EPP, la RT et l'ET étaient pathologiques chez respectivement 52 (62,65%), 67 (80,72%) et 72 (86,75%) patients. L'ET était pathologique chez 10 (62,50%) des 16 patients ayant eu une RT normale. La RT était pathologique chez 5 (45,45%) des 11 patients qui avaient une ET normale. En prenant la RT comme référence, l'ET avait globalement une sensibilité de 92,54%, une spécificité de 37,50%, une valeur prédictive positive de 86,11% et une valeur prédictive négative de 54,55%. Conclusion : L'ET est performante dans le diagnostic des pleuropneumopathies de l'adulte. Elle peut être utilisée comme examen de première intention, en alternative à la RT ou complétée la RT dans l'exploration des pathologies pleuropulmonaires à Parakou

Objective: To evaluate the contribution of chest ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pneumonia in adults at the teaching hospital of Borgou and Alibori (CHUD-B/A). Method: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out from 15 March to 15 August 2019. Clinical examination of lungs, chest X-ray and chest ultrasonography were performed on adult patients received in the medical imaging department and presenting with functional respiratory symptoms. Diagnostic performance indicators for chest ultrasonography were calculated by using chest X-ray as the reference test. Results: Of the 83 patients included, clinical examination of lungs, chest X-ray and chest ultrasonography were pathological in 52 (62.65%), 67 (80.72%) and 72 (86.75%) patients respectively. Chest ultrasonography was pathological in 10 (62.50%) of the 16 patients with normal chest X-ray. Chest X-ray was pathological in 5 (45.45%) of the 11 patients with normal chest ultrasonography. With chest X-ray as a reference, the overall sensitivity of chest ultrasonography was 92.54%, specificity 37.50%, positive predictive value 86.11% and negative predictive value 54.55%. Conclusion: Chest ultrasonography is an effective tool in the diagnosis of pneumonia in adults. It can be used as a first-line examination, as an alternative to chest X-ray or as a complement to chest X-ray in the exploration of pneumonia in Parakou

Prurit généralisé sine materia en dermatologie à Cotonou (Bénin) / Generalized sine materia pruritus in dermatology in Cotonou

Introduction. Le prurit généralisé sine materia peut altérer la qualité de vie des patients. L'objectif de cette étude était d'en documenter les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et étiologiques en dermatologie à Cotonou. Méthodes.Une étude rétrospective et descriptive a été réalisée dans le service de dermatologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Cotonou du 1er janvier 2009 au 31 décembre 2018. Elle a inclus tous les patients chez qui le diagnostic de prurit généralisé sine materia était retenu sur la base d'arguments cliniques. En cas d'orientation clinique, un examen paraclinique à visée étiologique était demandé. Résultats.La prévalence du prurit généralisé sine materia était de 1,2% (126 cas/10627 consultants). Les adultes jeunes de 31-50 ans (34,1%) et les sujets âgés de plus de 60 ans (15,1%) étaient les plus atteints. La sex-ratio était de 1,1. Le prurit était le plus souvent chronique (80,2%), d'intensité légère à modérée (83,3%), intermittent (71,4%) et sans horaire (77,8%). Les principales étiologies retrouvées étaient l'eau (32,5%), les savons irritants (30,2%), la xérose cutanée (18,3%), la sénescence (12,7%). Les maladies internes ont été retrouvées dans 28,6% des cas. Dans 4% des cas, aucune étiologie n'a été retrouvée. Conclusion. Le prurit généralisé sine materia en dermatologie à Cotonou était plus fréquent chez les adultes jeunes et les sujets âgés. Les étiologies étaient dominées par les facteurs environnementaux et les anomalies physiologiques cutanées.

Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude Towards Pre-Hospital Tooth Avulsion Care Among Primary School Teachers in BeninCity, Nigeria

Traumatic tooth avulsion presents a challenge with regards to its prompt intervention as the ultimate outcome of an avulsed tooth that occurred in any child is dependent on appropriate emergency interventions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness, level of knowledge and attitude towards pre-hospital tooth avulsion care among primary school teachers in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among the teachers to assess their level of awareness of tooth avulsion, knowledge and attitude towards pre-hospital care of avulsed tooth. The data generated were analyzed using the SPSS for windows 23.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, USA). The responses were tabulated and expressed as frequency and percentages. Multivariate analysis was used to correct confounding variables. The level of significance was set p< 0.05. Three hundred and twenty four (324) teachers returned their answered questionnaires. Majority of the teachers were females (64.2%) and were between the ages of 41 ­ 50 years. Most (90.7%) of the teachers were not conversant with the dental terminology "tooth avulsion". Approximately forty-four percent (43.8%) of the teachers had experienced at least a case of tooth avulsion during their service period. Two hundred and sixty-six (82.1%) of teachers had never received any instruction on how to manage avulsed tooth. only 13 (4.0%) of the respondents were aware of a storage/transport media and how to preserve an avulsed tooth. On the attitude of teachers on pre-hospital care of an avulsed tooth; when asked what will they do in a case of tooth avulsion involving their pupil, one hundred and ninety (58.6%) erroneously reported they will do nothing, 33(10.2%) respondents said they will call the child's parents, none seeing the need to contact the nearest dental clinic. Majority of primary school teachers in Benin City, Nigeria has very inadequate knowledge regarding emergency management of tooth avulsion. They have limited knowledge regarding the basic tenets of first aid management of tooth avulsion whenever it occurs. Seminars and practical workshop on dental emergency should be organized for teachers and first aid training added to their curriculum