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Aim: This experiment was designed to study the effects of using garlic-composite leaf meals produced from four (4) different leaves and garlic: bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), scent leaf (Ocimum gatissimum), Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica), Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) and Garlic (Allium sativum) as a premix in the diets of growing pigs. The leaves and garlic were air dried, milled and sieved separately. Thereafter the leaves and garlic were mixed in the ratio of 4 (Vernonia amygdalina): 3 (Moringa oleifera): 1 (Ocimum gatissimum): 1 (Azadirachta indica) and 1 (Allium sativum) to produce the garlic-composite tropical leaf meals. Individual leaves and their composite mix were analyzed for proximate, mineral, antioxidant and the phytochemical components of the leaves were determined using GCMS and other standard methods. Methodology: Eighteen large white weaner-pigs of eight weeks were allocated in a completely randomized design for this experiment comprising three treatments and three replicates with two pigs per replicate. The average weight of the pigs were 13 kg. Basal diet were formulated and subdivided into three portions in which garlic-composite leaf meals were fed at 0g/kg, 10g/kg, and 20g/kg were used as an additives to the diets of weaner pigs and the diets were designated as I, II and III respectively. The pigs were then assigned to these 3 dietary treatments which were fed to the pigs at 5% of their body weight for 12 weeks experimental period. Water was supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period. All data were subjected to analysis of variance. Results: Dietary inclusion of GCLM on haematology, serum biochemistry indices and antioxidants significantly (P<0.05) affected the Packed Cell Volume (%), Mean Corpuscular Volume (fl) Lymphocytes (%), Granulocytes (%), Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L), Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L), Total Protein (g/l) and catalase (Ku) of the experimental pigs. Conclusions: It could be concluded within the limit of this study, that garlic-composite leaf meals had high nutrient potentials for pigs and could completely help growing pigs to improve in body weight as the composite leaf meals increases in pig diets.
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Objective:To construct a new model for assessing insulin resistance(IR) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients by combining anthropometry parameters and biochemical parameters.Methods:A total of 677 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. Clinical data, biochemical indicators, and body composition measurements were collected, and a predictive model was constructed using logistic regression analysis.Results:The IR prediction model was constructed based on five indicators: triglycerides(TG), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), visceral fat area(VFA), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and uric acid(UA). The formula for the new predictive model was as follows: y=-17.765+ 1.389×ln VFA+ 1.045×ln UA+ 0.91×ln ALT+ 2.167×ln FPG+ 0.805×ln TG. The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) area under the curve(AUC) for the model was 0.82, with an optimal cutoff value of 1.67, sensitivity of 0.80, and specificity of 0.71. The AUC values for the triglyceride glucose(TyG) index, lipid accumulation product(LAP), and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(THR) were 0.75, 0.75, and 0.70, respectively. The corresponding sensitivities were 0.66, 0.84, and 0.71, and the specificities were 0.71, 0.59, and 0.60. The optimal cutoff values were 1.81, 30.31, and 1.14, respectively. Conclusion:The new model constructed using TG, FPG, VFA, ALT, and UA as indicators showed high predictive value and can serve as a new model for assessing IR in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
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OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to compare the salivary biochemical indices between caries-free individuals and those with early childhood caries (ECC), and construct a saliva-based caries diagnostic model by analyzing the correlation between salivary biochemical indices and caries severity.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 children aged 4-6 years were selected and divided into two groups: individuals with ECC (C group, @*RESULTS@#The NO@*CONCLUSIONS@#Salivary biochemical indices can contribute to the diagnosis and risk assessment of ECC.
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Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Dental Caries/diagnosis , Dental Caries Susceptibility , SalivaABSTRACT
This study was aimed at determining the effect of leaves of Senna alata extract on biochemical indices of Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei . Phytochemical screening revealed the absence of steroids in all extracts, absence of saponins in chloroform extracts and the presence of free anthraquinones only in chloroform extract. Post - infection treatment of animals stirred the emergence of parasitaemia by Day 3. Only animals receiving 200 mg/kg b.wt. of chloroform extract survived by day 16. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in ALT for groups receiving methanol (400 mg/kg b.wt.), chloroform and aqueous extracts and significant (P<0.05) increase in unconjugated bilir ubin in the group receiving methanol extract (200 mg/kg b.wt.) compared to infected not treated rats. Significant (P<0.05) decrease in potassium concentration in groups receiving methanol and chloroform, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in sodium concen tration in the group receiving 400 mg/kg b.wt. of aqueous extract compared to the infected not treated rats. These results thereby demonstrate the ameliorative potential of Senna alata leaves against T. brucei brucei .
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Objective To examine hematological and biochemical parameters in 30 common marmosets,count the mean and standard deviations of each index, and analyze significant differences between female and male groups. Additionally,data from marmosets and macaque breeding were compared. Methods Blood was collected through the posterior limb vein while animals were awake. Hematology and serum biochemical indices were then measured with an automatic blood cell analyzer and blood biochemical analyzer, followed by statistical testing. Results No significant differences were measured in hematological indices between male and female groups. There was a significant difference between the female and male group in serum biochemical indices including high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)(P < 0.05). Compared with the foreign marmoset group, HGB, MCHC,NEUT,ALT, AST, and GLOB were visibly increased in the group of marmosets fed by our institution, but in accordance with the data range in rhesus monkeys. Conclusions Hematological and serum biochemical indices of common marmosets have been detected in this study and compared with related data in macaques and marmosets. Our findings provide basic data not only for pharmacological and toxicological studies,but also diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Aim To investigate the protective effect of immunomodulating peptide(PGPIPN) on the acute al-coholic liver injury in mice. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, model group,glutataione(GSH) group, PGPIPN low dose group, PGPIPN moderate and high dose groups. The mice were treated with different doses of PGPIPN or GSH for two weeks except control group and model group. The acute alcoholic liver injury model was in-duced by gavage with 56° alcohol for three days. The indices including the activities of AST,ALT in serum, and the contents of TNF-α, MDA, SOD and GSH-Px in liver were examined. Liver histopathological changes were examined by HE staining. Results Compared with control group,the levels of serum ALT,AST and the contents of TNF-α, MDA significantly increased, while the contents of SOD and GSH-Px significantly de-creased in model group. There was hepatocyte apopto-sis and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissues. Compared with model group, the activities of serum ALT, AST and the contents of TNF-α, MDA were re-markably reduced in PGPIPN high dose group. The contents of SOD and GSH-Px significantly increased in PGPIPN high dose group. PGPIPN could alleviate the injury of liver. Conclusion PGPIPN has certain pro-tective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury of mice, providing a theoretical guidance.
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Objective To investigate effect of alprostadil on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and nutritional biochemical indexes in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods According to the random number table, 129 patients with chronic renal failure patients were included in this group and randomly divided into observation groups (n=67) and control group (n=62).Control group were given conventional symptomatic treatment, and the observation group were given alprostadil treatment on the basis of control group with a course of four weeks of both groups.The Scr, BUN, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, Ca2 +, ALB, P3 +, Hb, RBC, hemorheology changes were compared before and after treatment.Results The Scr, BUN levels after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and Scr, BUN levels in observation group after treatment was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05).Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP after treatment significantly decreased than before treatment (P<0.05), serum IL-6, TNF-α, CRP after treatment was significantly lower than control group ( P<0.05 ).After treatment, Ca2 +, ALB levels of observation group was significantly higher than control group and P3 +was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences of Hb, RBC.The hemorheology of observation group before treatment was significantly lower than control group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Alprostadil can significantly improve renal function, and the possible mechanism may be associated with reducing serum levels of inflammatory factors and improving blood rheology, which delay progression of chronic renal failure effectively.
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Diet, besides its simplicity and affordability, has been clinically recommended as the first line of intervention in type 2 diabetes. However, compliance with the so-called diabetic diet has been notoriously poor, mostly because the social and cultural aspects of eating as well as the degree of difficulty involved in entrenching permanent changes in diet have greatly been underestimated. The present study therefore evaluated the suitability of some traditional Nigerian diets namely Garri with afang soup (GAS), pounded yam with edikang ikong soup (PYES) and ekpang nkukwo (EN) in alloxan diabetic rats. 15-day feeding with GAS and PYES respectively reduced (P<0.05) fasting blood glucose by 25.61% and 25.19%, compared to the reference diet, plantain with beans (37.22%). The glucose lowering effect of EN was however, not significant. Except GAS, the effect of the test diets on serum lipid profile was similar and comparable to the reference diet. Further, the impact on serum biochemical indices - β-carotene, total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine, though not dramatic, was not different from the reference diet, except serum β-carotene that was higher in the reference diet-fed animals than others (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that the studied diets, can potentially offer the patients the needed dietary diversification in diabetes management.
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OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of moderate ethanol administration on the biochemical indices in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Groups one and two contained non-diabetic normal rats and normal rats treated with ethanol, respectively. Group three was untreated STZ-diabetic rats and group four was made up of ethanol-treated STZ-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg), while ethanol (10%v/v) was given at a dose 2 g/kg thrice per week for three weeks. After the last dose of ethanol and an overnight fasting, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was collected by syringe from the heart into plain centrifuge tubes. RESULTS: Moderate ethanol administration to STZ-diabetic rats caused a significant (p < 0. 05) increase in relative weight of liver relative to normal. Ethanol intake in STZ-diabetic rats produced an insignificant (p > 0. 05) effect on the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c rrelative to the untreated-diabetic group. Moderately, ethanol administration to STZ-diabetic rats produced a marked and significant (p < 0. 05) increase in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and the activities of alanine aminotransferase relative to untreated diabetic rats. Ethanol-treated diabetic rats had significantly (p < 0. 05) lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and α-amylase were insignificantly (p > 0. 05) affected. There were no significant (p > 0. 05) differences in all the biochemical indices in normal rats relative to ethanol-treated normal rats. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate ethanol administration did not affect FBG and HbA1c , but altered the lipid profile of STZ-diabetic rats. Moderate ethanol intake may further increase the risk of complications in diabetes.
OBJETIVO: Este estudio se diseñó con el propósito de evaluar el efecto del uso de etanol moderado sobre los índices bioquímicos en ratas Wistar diabéticas por estreptozotocina (STZ). MÉTODOS: Veinticuatro ratas Wistar machos fueron divididas en cuatro grupos de seis animales cada uno. Dos de los grupos tenían ratas normales no diabéticas y ratas normales tratadas con etanol, respectivamente. El tercer grupo estaba formado por ratas diabéticas por STZ no tratadas, y el cuarto por ratas diabéticas por STZ tratadas con etanol. La diabetes fue inducida mediante una inyección intraperitoneal de STZ (35 mg/kg), mientras que el etanol (10% v/v) fue administrado en dosis de 2 g/kg tres veces por semana durante tres semanas. Tras la última dosis de etanol y un ayuno de una noche, las ratas fueron sacrificadas mediante dislocación cervical. La sangre fue recogida del corazón con jeringuillas e introducida en tubos para centrífuga sin graduación. RESULTADOS: La administración moderada de etanol a ratas diabéticas por STZ, causó un aumento significativo (p < 0.05) en el peso relativo del hígado con relación al normal. La ingestión de etanol en ratas diabéticas por STZ tuvo un efecto insignificante (p > 0.05) en los niveles de glucosa en sangre en ayuno (GSA) y HbA1c en relación con grupos diabéticos no tratados. En medida moderada, la administración de etanol a ratas diabéticas por STZ produjo un aumento marcado y significativo (p < 0.05) en los niveles de colesterol total en suero, triglicéridos, el colesterol asociado con las lipoproteínas de baja densidad, o colesterol LDL, y la actividad de la aminotransferasa alanina en relación con las ratas diabéticas no tratadas. Las ratas diabéticas tratadas con etanol tuvieron niveles significativamente disminuidos de colesterol asociado con las lipoproteínas de alta densidad, o colesterol HDL, en tanto que la actividad del lactato deshidrogenasa y la α-amilasa no fue afectada significativamente (p > 0.05). No hubo diferencias significativas (p > 0.05) en todos los índices bioquímicos en las ratas normales con respecto a las ratas normales tratadas con etanol. CONCLUSIONES: El suministro moderado de etanol no afectó el GSA ni el HbA1c , pero alteró el perfil lípido de las ratas diabéticas por STZ. La ingestión moderada de etanol puede aumentar a un más el riesgo de las complicaciones de la diabetes.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Central Nervous System Depressants/administration & dosage , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Alanine Transaminase/drug effects , Central Nervous System Depressants/pharmacology , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/drug effects , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced , Ethanol/pharmacology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Streptozocin , Triglycerides/blood , alpha-Amylases/blood , alpha-Amylases/drug effectsABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate health status of preschool children utilizing anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices. The subjects were 1,159 boys and 1,019 girls in Gumi day-care centers aged 4 to 6 years. The mean height and weight of 4, 5 and 6 year old children were 103.0 cm and 17.1 kg, 107.2 cm and 18.3 kg and 113.4 cm and 20.6 kg, respectively. By the obesity index criteria, 5% of boys and 4% of girls were obese:whereas 10% of boys and 9% of girls were underweight. By the Kaup index criteria, 7% of boys and 4% of girls were obese. By the percentage of body fat criteria, 5% of boys and girls were obese. The mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Atherogenic Index and serum glucose were 154.1 - 156.5 mg/dL, 80.1 - 81.9 mg/dL, 46.8 - 47.4 mg/dL, 90.9 - 92.8 mg/dL, 2.34 - 2.39 and 76.4 - 77.8 mg/dL, respectively. Serum triglyceride level, AI and body fat percentage of obese children were significantly higher than other children and were significantly lower in HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.05). In addition there were significant correlation between anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices:Kaup index and obesity index were positively correlated to the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in boys and girls (p < 0.01) and to the triglyceride concentration in boys (p < 0.05). These results indicate the need of developing and implementation of nutrition education program for preschool children to prevent further development of childhood obesity and to maintain normal serum lipid profiles.
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Adipose Tissue , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol , Education , Obesity , Pediatric Obesity , Thinness , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate health status of preschool children utilizing anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices. The subjects were 1,159 boys and 1,019 girls in Gumi day-care centers aged 4 to 6 years. The mean height and weight of 4, 5 and 6 year old children were 103.0 cm and 17.1 kg, 107.2 cm and 18.3 kg and 113.4 cm and 20.6 kg, respectively. By the obesity index criteria, 5% of boys and 4% of girls were obese:whereas 10% of boys and 9% of girls were underweight. By the Kaup index criteria, 7% of boys and 4% of girls were obese. By the percentage of body fat criteria, 5% of boys and girls were obese. The mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Atherogenic Index and serum glucose were 154.1 - 156.5 mg/dL, 80.1 - 81.9 mg/dL, 46.8 - 47.4 mg/dL, 90.9 - 92.8 mg/dL, 2.34 - 2.39 and 76.4 - 77.8 mg/dL, respectively. Serum triglyceride level, AI and body fat percentage of obese children were significantly higher than other children and were significantly lower in HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.05). In addition there were significant correlation between anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices:Kaup index and obesity index were positively correlated to the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in boys and girls (p < 0.01) and to the triglyceride concentration in boys (p < 0.05). These results indicate the need of developing and implementation of nutrition education program for preschool children to prevent further development of childhood obesity and to maintain normal serum lipid profiles.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Adipose Tissue , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol , Education , Obesity , Pediatric Obesity , Thinness , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relation between the AT 1 receptor gene polymorphism and some biochemical indices of essential hypertension patients. Methods:Sixty-four patients of mild-moderate essential hypertension were not given any anti-hypertension drugs for 5 half lives,then used the PCR-RFLP to detect the AT 1 receptor gene type and measured the basic blood pressure at the same time. After that, fasting serum glucose , serum total cholesterol(TC) , triglyceride(TG) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) , blood urea nitrogen(BUN) , creatinine(Cr) were measured in all subjects. Results:①The frequency of AC gene type in these essential hypertension patients and the C1166 allete of AT 1 receptor gene was 23.4% and 11.7%. ②There was a remarkable difference on TG between two gene groups. ③There were obvious difference on Cr and UA between two gene groups .④There were no obvious difference on Glu, TC ,HDL-C ,LDL-C ,BUN between AC and AA gene type. Conclusion:①The concentration of TG of AC gene type is lower than that of AA , there may be relativity between two gene type. ② A1166/C gene polymorphism may be associated with renal function. AA gene type may have poorer renal function. ③A1166/C gene polymorphism may be not relative with Glu,TCH ,HDL-C ,LDL-C ,BUN.
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrition education program on anthropometric values and boichemical index in obese children who live in Gumi city. The subjects were 16 obese boys, 20 obese girls with obesity index over 130 and 36 of their parents. The nutrition education was carried out by the professional personnel such as doctors, professors, and dietitians. The children were provided with well-balanced lunch meals and had 40min-lectures on the reasonable weight management, 40 min-games and also had regular exercises (stretching, swimming) for 90 mins everyday during 2weeks of the program. The parents had 90 min-lectures on childhood obesity, diet therapy, behavior modification, and exercise for 6times. After the program, obesity index, BMI, % body fat were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in boys and obese index, BMI, % body fat and WHR were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in girls. Blood cholesterol and TG levels of girls were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). These findings show that the well-designed nutrition education program for obese children can be an effective approach to help them to improve their anthropometric values and biochemical index.