ABSTRACT
RESUMO A formação-ação no contexto da saúde coletiva pode ser estratégica para a resistência a esse modelo de agronegócio deletério e excludente, pois engendra um conjunto de práticas que modificam a maneira de sentir, pensar e agir em relação aos usos da terra; e fortalecem o movimento agroecológico, as práticas integrativas complementares de cuidado e as formas solidárias, democráticas e inclusivas de se relacionar com a natureza. A formação-ação: Cultivo Biodinâmico de Plantas Medicinais em Agroflorestas na Promoção de Territórios Saudáveis e Sustentáveis no Distrito Federal, nasce da confluência de outras experiências associada à necessidade de construir estratégias para a formação de profissionais e comunidades relacionados com ações em saúde para a promoção de territórios saudáveis e sustentáveis, constituído de bases teórico-metodológicos que envolvem educandos, educadores e comunidades, e articula diferentes categorias de análise para a construção e ressignificação do conhecimento, contando com ferramentas pedagógico-metodológicas baseadas na Pedagogia da Alternância e organizadas em tempos distintos do processo ensino-aprendizagem. A matriz curricular organiza-se em dois módulos: Desenvolvimento, Ciência e Saúde; e Agrofloresta, Arranjos Produtivos e Saúde. A formação é um meio de transformar a realidade local, de promover a saúde, de dialogar com as comunidades e de reconhecer os territórios.
ABSTRACT Training-action, in the context of collective health, can be strategic for resisting this harmful and exclusive agribusiness model, as it engenders a set of practices that modify not only the way of feeling, thinking and acting in relation to land uses, and they strengthen the agroecological movement, complementary integrative care practices and the solidary, democratic, and inclusive ways of relating to nature. Training-action: Biodynamic Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Agroforestry in the Promotion of Healthy and Sustainable Territories in the Federal District arises from the confluence of other experiences associated with the need to build strategies for the training of professionals and communities related to health actions to promote healthy and sustainable territories, constituted by theoretical-methodological bases that involve students, educators, and communities, and articulates different categories of analysis for the construction and reframing of knowledge, having pedagogical-methodological tools based on the Pedagogy of Alternation and organized at different times of the teaching-learning process. The curriculum matrix has 2 modules: Development, Science, and Health; and Agroforestry, Productive Arrangements, and Health. Training is a means to transform the local reality, to promote health, to dialogue with communities, and to recognize the territories.
ABSTRACT
The hand coordinate systems for measuring vibration exposures and biodynamic responses have been standardized, but they are not actually used in many studies. This contradicts the purpose of the standardization. The objectives of this study were to identify the major sources of this problem, and to help define or identify better coordinate systems for the standardization. This study systematically reviewed the principles and definition methods, and evaluated typical hand coordinate systems. This study confirms that, as accelerometers remain the major technology for vibration measurement, it is reasonable to standardize two types of coordinate systems: a tool-based basicentric (BC) system and an anatomically based biodynamic (BD) system. However, these coordinate systems are not well defined in the current standard. Definition of the standard BC system is confusing, and it can be interpreted differently; as a result, it has been inconsistently applied in various standards and studies. The standard hand BD system is defined using the orientation of the third metacarpal bone. It is neither convenient nor defined based on important biological or biodynamic features. This explains why it is rarely used in practice. To resolve these inconsistencies and deficiencies, we proposed a revised method for defining the realistic handle BC system and an alternative method for defining the hand BD system. A fingertip-based BD system for measuring the principal grip force is also proposed based on an important feature of the grip force confirmed in this study.
Subject(s)
Hand Strength , Hand , VibrationABSTRACT
Uma das principais adaptações neurais relacionadas ao treinamento de força é a redução progressiva na coativação dos músculos antagonistas e aumento da ativação dos agonistas. Recentemente, evidências sugerem que a pré-ativação dos antagonistas pode melhorar o desempenho dos agonistas, entretanto, não há evidências consistentes que suportem tal hipótese. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as respostas eletromiográficas (EMG) do latíssimo do dorso (LD), porção espinal do deltoide (DE), porção clavicular do peitoral maior (PC), porção clavicular do deltoide (DC) e força isométrica máxima (Fmáx) durante o exercício de remada aberta (RA) em isometria após facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNPA) e pré-ativação dinâmica dos antagonistas no teste de flexão de braços (PADA). Participaram do estudo 10 homens (23,1 ± 3 anos de idade, 77,7 ± 6,5 kg de massa corporal, 167,5 ± 4,8 cm de estatura e 25,6 ± 2,3 kg/m2 de índice de massa corporal) recreacionalmente treinados. A amplitude do sinal EMG foi normalizada por ações isométricas voluntárias máximas (AIVMs). Na análise estatística, foi aplicada a ANOVA two-way e post hoc de Bonferroni para realizar as devidas comparações (p < 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na Fmáx após os protocolos FNPA e PADA comparados ao exercício de RA sem estímulo prévio (RSEP). Em relação à amplitude EMG dos músculos LD, DE (agonistas), PC e DC (antagonistas), não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os protocolos RSEP, FNPA e PADA. Esses resultados sugerem que parece não haver benefícios adicionais na aplicação da técnica de FNP contract-relax e pré-ativação nos antagonistas sobre o sinal EMG e Fmáx dos agonistas baseado na hipótese de inibição neurológica dos antagonistas.
One of the main related neural adaptations to strength training is the progressive reduction in the antagonist coactivation and increased in agonist activation. Recently, evidence suggests that antagonist pre-activation can improve the agonist performance, however, there is no consistent evidence to support this hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate electromyographic responses (EMG) of the latissimus dorsi (LD), spinal portion of deltoid (DE), clavicular portion of pectoralis major (PC), clavicular portion of deltoid (DC) and maximal isometric force (Fmax) during the isometric exercise of wide grip seated row (SR) after proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (FNPA) and antagonist dynamics pre-activation in the push up test (PADA). The study included 10 men (23.1 ± 3 years of age, 77.7 ± 6.5 kg body weight, 167.5 ± 4.8 cm in height and 25.6 ± 2.3 kg/m2 index body weight) recreationally trained. The EMG amplitude was normalized by maximum voluntary isometric actions (MVIAs). Statistical analysis was applied the two-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni to perform the comparisons (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in Fmax after the protocols FNPA and PADA compared the performance of SR without previous stimulus (RSEP). Regarding the EMG amplitude LD, DE (agonists), PC and DC (antagonists), there were no significant differences between the protocols RSEP, FNPA and PADA. These results suggest that there is no additional benefits in applying the technique of PNF contract-relax and pre-activation in the antagonists on the EMG signal and Fmax based on the hypothesis of neurological inhibition of antagonists.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Electromyography , Exercise , Men , Muscle Strength , Muscles , Physical Education and Training , PliabilityABSTRACT
Objective To study the methods of reducing the shock response of surface ship crew by under water explosion. Method The shock response lumped parameter models were established to study the influence on surface ship crew with different structure parameters in standing, sitting and walking posture. Results For ship crew with sitting posture, the shock response of the pelvis could be reduced by enlarging the damping ratio and stiffness ratio between the deck and the chair. For ship crew with both standing posture and walking posture, the shock response of the limb could be reduced by enlarging the damping coefficient of the deck. Conclusions By adding anti shock chairs or laying anti-shock material on the deck, the damping ratio and stiffness ratio between the deck and the chair, or the damping coefficient of the deck could be enlarged, and the shock response of the surface ship crew could be reduced.
ABSTRACT
In this work, we used a preparation of diminazene, which belongs to the group of aromatic diamidines. This compound acts on the causative agents of blood protozoan diseases produced by both flagellated protozoa (Trypanosoma) and members of the class Piroplasmida (Babesia, Theileria, and Cytauxzoon) in various domestic and wild animals, and it is widely used in veterinary medicine. We examined the behavior of water-disperse diminazene (immobilized in Tween 80 micelles) at the cellular and organismal levels. We assessed the interaction of an aqueous and a water-disperse preparation with cells of the reticuloendothelial system. We compared the kinetic parameters of aqueous and water-disperse diminazene in sheep erythrocytes and plasma. The therapeutic properties of these two preparations were also compared. We found that the surface-active substances improved intracellular penetration of the active substance through interaction with the cell membrane. In sheep blood erythrocytes, micellar diminazene accumulated more than its aqueous analog. This form was also more effective therapeutically than the aqueous analog. Our findings demonstrate that use of micellar diminazene allows the injection dose to be reduced by 30%.