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The study of the human anatomy predominantly requires the use of remains of the dead. Unclaimed bodies are easily available in India; however, there is a lack of clear ethical guidelines governing their transport and exchange. We raise pertinent questions about the ethical implications of using unclaimed bodies in teaching anatomy, their transport, transfer and storage, ethical and legal issues regarding the voluntary donation of bodies and dry human bones, as well as the commercial aspects of body donation. We also examine existing practices in anatomy departments in India, and explore the available legal safeguards. We detail practical and ethical challenges in the existing practices and safeguards and attempt to provide solutions.
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Rationality : During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been widespread confusion regarding the acceptance of donated bodies, especially those of COVID-19 unknown status. The present study aims to (1) quantify the fall in the body donation in COVID pandemic times & (2) explore the perception of the recipients of body donation (Anatomy faculties) and the facilitators of body donation (NGO members), regarding the problems they faced. Materials and Methods : A cross sectional study using a pre designed study schedule was conducted over period of two months. 30 Anatomy faculties from 3 Medical Colleges in Kolkata and 20 members from 2 NGOs were interviewed. The actual numbers of the body donation received has been documented from record in Anatomy Departments and actual numbers of the body donation facilitated by NGOs has been obtained from record maintained in NGO office. The responses were analysed accordingly. Results : There was significant decline in body donation activity in all the Medical Colleges during COVID times. 80% Anatomy faculties and 60% NGO members recommended posthumous RTPCR tests for COVID-19 unknown bodies. 93.33% faculties and 60% NGO members also wanted the Government to publish directives for posthumous RTPCR tests in donor抯 body. Most faculties (83.33%) were unsure as to whether embalming fluid can neutralize COVID-19 virus or not. Conclusion, Limitation & Future Scope : This study explored the hesitations, its causes and remedial measures of hindrances in body donation program in COVID times. Being an ICMR STS project, authors needed to wrap up it by only two months time; but it can be used as the pilot to continue same in larger scale. Further researches are required to assess the lethality of embalming fluid on COVID-19 virus in this perspective
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Resumo: Introdução: As recomendações internacionais reforçam o estímulo à prática da doação voluntária para a disponibilidade de corpos destinados à formação de profissionais de saúde, substituindo o sistema de corpos não reclamados nas instituições de ensino superior (IES). Relato de experiência: Este trabalho reuniu informações sobre programas de doação de corpos (PDC) brasileiros, analisou lacunas e fatores impeditivos à doação do corpo, e propôs estratégias para ampliar as informações sobre o cadastro de participantes em PDC e a efetivação da doação. Discussão: No Brasil existem 39 PDC em funcionamento - seis no Nordeste, quatro no Centro-Oeste, um no Norte, 11 no Sul e 17 no Sudeste - e duas comissões de distribuição de corpos para ensino. O cadastro como participante no PDC pode agilizar as providências documentais, mas não garante a doação na ocasião da morte. No geral, as IES recebem o corpo doado e a documentação necessária. Quando o óbito acontece no município da IES, é possível ter o translado do corpo providenciado por parcerias com funerárias e prefeitura. Conclusão: Embora a legislação tenha regulamentado desde 2002 a doação do próprio corpo em vida, é necessária a implementação de campanhas de esclarecimento à população geral sobre essa possibilidade, além de mecanismos que possam promover a celeridade nos prazos de para obtenção das documentações com a finalidade de doação de corpo para fins científicos, a isenção das taxas cartoriais e a viabilização do translado do corpo doado por carro de funerária das prefeituras, sem custo. O apoio da IES por meio do cadastro do PDC como atividade de extensão universitária colabora para assegurar aspectos éticos relacionados à participação dos doadores no programa em vida, no que se refere ao tratamento com respeito e dignidade dos doadores e de suas famílias.
Abstract: Introduction: International recommendations reinforce the practice of voluntary donation for providing bodies for the training of health professionals, replacing the system of unclaimed bodies in medical courses (MC). Experience report: This work gathered information on Brazilian body donation programs (BDP), analyzed gaps and difficulties to the effectiveness of body donation, and proposed strategies to expand the information offered on the registration of participants in BDP and the effectiveness of the donation. Discussion: In Brazil, there are 39 BDP - six in the Northeast, four in the Midwest, one in the North, 11 in the South, and 17 in the Southeast - and two committees for body donation. Documents may be easily available through registration during life as a participant in the BDP, but it does not guarantee donation. In general, Brazilian's institutions receive the donated body along with the documentation. When the death occurs in the same city of the institution, it is possible to have the transfer of the body provided by partnerships with funeral services and the city hall. There is no fee to be paid or received either for registration during life or for donation after death. Conclusion: Although the legislation has regulated the donation of body in life since 2002, it is necessary to implement campaigns to inform about the donation, in addition to mechanisms that can promote speed in the deadlines for obtaining documentation for the purpose of donating body for scientific purposes, the exemption of notary fees and the possibility of transporting the body donated with no fees by funeral home of municipal governments. The MC support through the registration of the PDC as an extension activity collaborates to ensure ethical aspects related to the participation of donors in the living program, with regard to the treatment with respect and dignity of donors and their families.
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SUMMARY: Modern anatomy education is imbued with humanistic values which manifest primarily in the ethical acquisition of bodies for research and education, and respectful treatment of these bodies in anatomy laboratories. This humanistic approach is best embedded in the organisation of commemorative ceremonies for body donors. This paper presents experiences of preparation and implementation of a commemorative ceremony at Macquarie University, Sydney. Local cultural context and university infrastructure were considered when preparing the commemoration. It was decided that it will be introduced in stages, starting with a ceremony for anatomy students. Students were surveyed about the introduction of the ceremony and their attitudes about its format. The results of the survey influenced the format in which the commemoration was conducted. The commemoration was introduced in 2019, embedded in the first anatomy lecture. Such format was cost effective, caused little disturbance to a complex timetable and was aligned with learning outcomes and students' cultural preferences. It also enabled easy transition to the online modes of the delivery caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. In the next stage commemorative ceremony will be inclusive of donor family members as well as students.
RESUMEN: La educación en anatomía moderna está incentivada de valores humanistas que se manifiestan principalmente en la adquisición ética de cuerpos para la investigación y la educación, y en el trato respetuoso de estos cuerpos en los laboratorios de anatomía. Este enfoque humanista se integra mejor en la organización de ceremonias conmemorativas para donantes de cuerpos. Este documento presenta las experiencias de preparación e implementación de una ceremonia conmemorativa en la Universidad Macquarie, Sydney. Se tuvo en cuenta el contexto cultural local y la infraestructura universitaria al preparar la conmemoración. Se decidió que se presentará por etapas, comenzando con una ceremonia para estudiantes de anatomía. Los estudiantes fueron encuestados sobre la presentación de la ceremonia y sus actitudes sobre su formato. Los resultados de la encuesta influyeron en el formato en el que se llevó a cabo la conmemoración. La conmemoración se introdujo en 2019, como parte de la primera conferencia de anatomía. El formato era rentable, causaba pocas alteraciones en un horario complejo y estaba alineado con los resultados del aprendizaje y las preferencias culturales de los estudiantes. También permitió la transición a los modos en línea de la entrega causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 en Australia. En la siguiente etapa, la ceremonia conmemorativa incluirá a los miembros de la familia donante y a los estudiantes.
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Humans , Students, Medical , Tissue Donors , Human Body , Anatomy , Australia , Universities , Cadaver , Attitude , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To provide references by analyzing the history, hotspot, and trend of the research in body donation. Methods CiteSpace software was used to conduct a co-occurrence network analysis. Totally 196 articles in CNKI database and 114 articles in Web of Science Core Collection Database were included. Results The number of articles in China increased in recent years. "Political and legal organizations" and "medical schools and departments" were main research institutions. "Death", "donation attitude", "ethics", and "humanity educations" were new emerging research directions in recent years. National studies of body donation were mainly conducted by USA and New Zealand, while most institutions were universities. High frequency keywords were "dissection", "cadaver", "anatomy" Conclusion Research in body donation in China shows a trend of increasing depth and diversity, while most research still lacks innovation and cooperation compared to national studies, especially studies in legislation and human ethics of body donation.
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BACKGROUND: China has stopped using the organs from executed prisoners for transplantation since 2015, and organ donation has become the only source of organ transplantation. Therefore, it is very important to fully understand the current status of organ donation. OBJECTIVE: To understand the current status of organ, eye tissue and body donation awareness and attitude of residents in Shenyang city, and to analyze the influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 10 000 residents of Shenyang were sampled by multistage cluster sampling. There were 8 942 valid questionnaires, and the effective rate was 93.43%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the survey, 8 209 people heard of organ donation accounting for 91.8% of all the respondents, and 6 251 people were willing to make a survey about organ/body donation, accounting for 69.9%. With cognition and intention as dependent variables and own situation as independent variable, we made a Logistic regression analysis and found that the cognitive level was related to gender, education level, family per capita monthly income, occupation, political affiliation and religion. The corresponding odds ratio (OR) (known/unknown) values were: for males, the OR=0.786; for the education level of primary education or below, OR=0.188; for the monthly income per capita of 2 000-5 000 yuan, OR=1.418; for farmer, OR=1.593; for communist youth league member, OR=1.313; for non-religious, OR=1.810. Respondents' attitudes were related to gender, age, education level, marital status, family per capita income, occupation, political affiliation and religion. The corresponding OR (willing/unwilling) values were: for male, OR=1.131; for age ≤ 30 years, OR=1.266; for primary education or below, OR=2.090; for married, OR=0.841; for the monthly income per capita < 2 000 yuan, OR=1.253; for public institution or government department, OR=0.740; for the member of Communist Party of China, OR=0.799; for no religious belief, OR=0.842 (P < 0.05). The above data confirm that Shenyang residents have a high awareness and willingness of organ, eye tissue and body donation in general; however, further publicity is still needed to establish an effective organ donation management system.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness, knowledge level and attitudes of the community in I˙zmir/ Turkey about cadaver donation in medical education. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Randomly chosen 245 participants answered twenty items in the questionnaire providing information about their demographics (5 items), awareness and knowledge (10 items), and attitudes (5 items) about body donation. The questionnaire was applied face-to-face. Descriptive statistics presented. Student T test and One-Way ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. 123 (50.2 %) participants were male and 159 (64.9 %) were between 30 to 59 years old. 185 (75.5 %) respondents knew what the word "cadaver" means. When asked where they would apply if they decided to donate their body, 104 (42.4 %) of the participants gave the answer "state hospital". The mean score of awareness and knowledge about importance of cadaver and body donation (AWKL-Score) was 0.41±0.24 (min:0.00, max:0.90). AWKL-Score was statistically higher in the youngest (18-29 y) and oldest (>60 y) compared to the other age groups (F:4.115; p:0.007). AWKL-Score increased as the level of education increased. The highest AWKL-Score was at post-graduate level (Level 7,8) (F:22.997; p<0.001). The AWKL-Score was higher in public employees and students compared to other occupational groups (F:5.930; p<0,001). The answers to the questionnaire were important indicators of how much society needs to be informed regarding body donation.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conciencia, conocimiento y las actitudes de la comunidad en Izmir / Turquía sobre la donación de cadáveres en la educación médica. Se realizó un estudio transversal de 245 participantes elegidos al azar, que respondieron veinte ítems en el cuestionario proporcionando información sobre su demografía (5 ítems), conciencia y conocimiento (10 ítems) y actitudes (5 ítems) sobre la donación de cuerpos. El cuestionario fue administrado directamente en persona; la prueba T de Student y la prueba ANOVA de una vía se utilizaron para el análisis estadístico. De los participantes 123 (50,2 %) eran hombres y 159 (64,9 %) tenían entre 30 y 59 años. 185 (75,5 %) encuestados sabían lo que significa la palabra "cadáver". Cuando se les preguntó dónde se registrarían, en caso de decidir donar su cuerpo, 104 (42,4 %) de los participantes respondieron "hospital estatal". La puntuación media de conciencia y conocimiento sobre la importancia del cadáver y la donación de cuerpos (puntuación AWKL) fue de 0,41 ± 0,24 (mínimo: 0,00, máximo: 0,90). Estadísticamente el puntaje AWKL fue más alto en los más jóvenes (18-29 años) y mayores (> 60 años) en comparación con los otros grupos etarios (F: 4,115; p: 0.007). AWKL-Score aumentó a medida que aumentó el nivel de educación. El puntaje AWKL más alto fue en el nivel de posgrado (Nivel 7,8) (F: 22,997; p <0,001). El puntaje AWKL fue mayor en empleados públicos y estudiantes en comparación con otros grupos ocupacionales (F: 5,930; p <0,001). Las respuestas al cuestionario fueron indicadores importantes de cuánto necesita la sociedad estar informada sobre la donación de cuerpos.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Tissue Donors/psychology , Cadaver , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Anatomy/education , Turkey , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Conscience , Education, MedicalABSTRACT
Background: Human body is studied by dissection method on unclaimed or donated human cadavers. Anatomy is of paramount importance taught for the first year M.B.B.S students all over Indian Medical Colleges since decades.Methods: Medical Institution was started in month of September 2019 with 100 intakes on merit basis. Aim was to teach the human anatomy to 1st MBBS students by dissecting the cadavers for which an Awareness programme was conducted by department of anatomy regarding to Body donation. Study was done going through and studying the donated forms with full consent in duly signed consent forms. Their age, physical conditions and mental status were taken into considerations as the yard sticks.Results: Since college has started in September 2019, there was poor response and awareness about body donation. So far fifteen live donors including 12 males and 3 females have filled their forms in perfect normal status and with NO compulsion from anybody. Five dead bodies (Cadavers) received in the Department of Anatomy of Government Medical College, Barmer for the propose of dissection to teach the 1st year MBBS students. Awareness of donation of the body is in progress.Conclusions: In the present study, authors concluded that only few people gave response in favour of awareness programme of body donation showing the lack of awareness towards the body donation. So, the study has shown the requirement of more awareness programmes about body donation among the population. It will help to clarifying any myths or/and superstition so that the general public should aware and show interest towards the body donation.
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Background: Body donation is a noble act towardscontributing to medical education and research.Although anatomists encourage the general populationto donate bodies, the attitude of anatomists towarddonating their bodies is less discussed in the literature.Aim and Objectives: The present study was conductedto obtain the knowledge, attitude and practice ofanatomists towards voluntary body donation. Materialand Methods: The study was conducted among theanatomists of different Medical Colleges of SouthIndia. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practicesof voluntary body donation, a semi-structuredquestionnaire was designed and distributed to theanatomists. Results: The study involved 102anatomists. The majority 58.3% stated that the primarysource of supply of cadavers was from the bodydonation program. When it came to voluntary bodydonation, only 32.4% of the anatomists were willing todonate their bodies. The facilitating factors forwillingness to donate were contributions to medicaleducation 60.3%, personal satisfaction 7.4%,motivation to the general public 4.4%, andencouragement from a close friend/ colleague 2.9%.The factors that abstained individuals from donatingwere: restriction from family members 30.9%, malhandling of the cadavers 29.4%, and ritual beliefs20.6%. Conclusion: The approach of anatomiststowards donating their bodies is not promising. It maydiscourage the general public from donating theirbodies. Therefore, it is equally important to inspire andencourage the anatomists towards body donation.
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SUMMARY: A better understanding of students' attitudes towards body donation, their role as potential donors and their preparedness to support body donation activities may help in the preparation of body donor programme strategies. The aim of the study was to determine the willingness to self-donate, and the religious and cultural beliefs on body donation in a sample of South African undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Black African undergraduate students of two schools in their first to third years of study in a South African University between 2014 and 2015. Four hundred and twenty questionnaires were administered. A total of three hundred and seventy-two students completed the questionnaire. A low proportion of the respondents (14.7 %) were willing to self-donate with the prevalent reason being to aid anatomical teaching. Religious beliefs were the predominant reason for unwillingness to self-donate. In addition, a low percentage of the students reflected that their religious (8.7 %) and cultural (4.1 %) beliefs permitted whole body donation. In conclusion, this study shares insights into the attitudes of undergraduate students towards body donation. For future body donation programmes, this group might not be a possible pool for such programmes. However, this group of students can assist in spreading the message to the public as they had very good knowledge about issues surrounding body donation.
RESUMEN: El propósito fue obtener un mayor conocimiento de las actitudes de estudiantes hacia la donación de cuerpo, su papel como potenciales donantes y su preparación para apoyar las actividades en la preparación de estrategias del programa de la donación. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la voluntad de auto donar el cuerpo, además de las creencias religiosas y culturales sobre la donación de cuerpos en una muestra de estudiantes sudafricanos de pregrado. Se realizó un estudio transversal en estudiantes negros africanos de pregrado de dos escuelas, en su primer a tercer año de estudio en una universidad sudafricana entre los años 2014 y 2015. Se administraron 420 cuestionarios. Un total de 372 estudiantes completaron el cuestionario. Una baja proporción de los encuestados (14,7 %) estaban dispuestos a donar su cuerpo citando como razón predominante el apoyo a la enseñanza anatómica. Las creencias religiosas predominaron durante la encuesta ante la falta de voluntad de la auto-donación. Además, un porcentaje menor de los estudiantes reflejó que sus creencias religiosas (8,7 %) y culturales (4,1 %) permitían la donación de todo el cuerpo. En conclusión, este estudio entrega una mejor percepción de las actitudes de alumnos de pregrado hacia la donación de cuerpos. En el futuro, este grupo posiblemente podría no ser un buen referente para los programas de donación de órganos. Sin embargo, este grupo de estudiantes puede ayudar en la difusión de información al público, debido a que tenían muy buen conocimiento sobre los temas que se refieren a la donación del cuerpo.
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Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Medical/psychology , Tissue Donors/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cultural Characteristics , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Religion , South Africa , Surveys and Questionnaires , VolitionABSTRACT
Background: The knowledge of the ossified ligaments in the base of the skull is of utmost important for anatomical,clinical and anthropological correlations. One such ligament extending from the lateral pterygoid plate to theunder surface of greater wing of sphenoid is named as Pterygoalar ligament and is named as Pterygoalar barafter its partial or complete ossification. This Pterygoalar bar is of great significance as it obscure the view offoramen ovale to approach it for anaesthetic , therapeutic purpose either suprazygomatic or infrazygomatic via.Also its enclosed foramen crotaphitico buccinatorius which is comparatively smaller than any other foramenmay compress the structures passing through it, probably the structures emerging out of foramen ovale may takeup a route via this foramen and get entrapped, which may lead to either neurovascular compression disorder.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thickened bony bar, pterygoalar bony bridgesand to analyze morphometrically the homonyms foramen in a collection of contemporary skulls and discusstheir clinical implications.Materials and Methods: The present study was performed with 90 dried adult human skulls. Base of the skull wasexamined with naked eye, on both the sides for the presence of abnormal osseous structures from the lateralpterygoid plate.Results and Discussion: In the current study, we presented only one skull with unilateral complete pterygoalar barand 11 skulls with unilateral incomplete pterygoalar bar. The pterygoalar bar and pterygoalar foramen are rareclinical features but their presence may be of clinical importance in the event of trigeminal nerve injection oranaesthesia
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Anatomy, one of the key pre-clinical subjects in medical and allied medical disciplines, has traditionally relied on instruction based on the utilization of cadavers. Acquiring cadavers for anatomy education has presented a challenge in many countries. This challenge has been met through the organization of well informed and culturally sensitive body donation programs. Attitudes of the general population, medical professionals and students are important in devising these programs. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes of medical and allied medical students from the University of Novi Sad toward whole body donation. A survey was carried out on the first and third year students enrolled in all degrees taught at the University and the sixth year medical students. A large number of respondents (87.38%) perceived cadavers as important in anatomy education. The majority of students (51.26%) would support the body donation of a stranger, while a much smaller proportion of respondents would become donors (19.51%) or support their family members (21.67%) to bequeath their body. There were differences in attitudes toward body donation related to respondents' year of study, ethnicity and religion. The main reasons for donation were altruistic, while the main reasons not to donate were lack of information and religious factors. Most of the respondents were in favor of introducing memorial services for the body donors. The results of the study highlight the importance of a culturally sensitive approach to students in the anatomy laboratories and the enrichment of anatomy education through the humanities. They also underscore the significance of well-organised and informative body donation programs.
Anatomia, um dos principais temas pré-clínicos em disciplinas da medicina e áreas médicas afins, tradicionalmente tem contado com a instrução baseada na utilização de cadáveres. A aquisição de cadáveres para o ensino da anatomia tem se mostrado um desafio em muitos países. Este desafio tem sido enfrentado através da organização de programas de doação de corpo bem informados e culturalmente sensíveis. Atitudes da população geral, de profissionais e estudantes de medicina são importantes na elaboração desses programas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as atitudes de estudantes de medicina e áreas médicas afins da Universidade de Novi Sad em relação à doação completa do corpo. A pesquisa foi conduzida com todos os estudantes do primeiro e terceiro anos inscritos em todos os cursos oferecidos pela universidade e com os estudantes do sexto ano de medicina. Uma grande parcela dos entrevistados (87,38%) reconhece a importância dos cadáveres no ensino da anatomia. A maioria dos estudantes (51,26%) apoiaria a doação de corpo de um estranho, enquanto que uma proporção muito menor dos entrevistados se tornariam doadores (19,51%) ou apoiariam seus familiares a doarem os corpos deles (21,67%). Houve diferenças nas atitudes em relação à doação de corpo relacionadas aos anos de estudo, etnia e religião dos entrevistados. As principais razões para as doações foram altruísticas, enquanto que os principais motivos para a não doação foram a falta de informação e fatores religiosos. A maioria dos entrevistados foi a favor da introdução de serviços memoriais para os doadores de corpos. Os resultados do estudo destacam a importância de uma abordagem culturalmente sensível aos estudantes nos laboratórios de anatomia e do enriquecimento do ensino da anatomia através das humanidades. Eles também ressaltam a importância de programas de doação de corpo bem organizados e informativos.
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Tissue and Organ Procurement , Cadaver , Education, Medical , AnatomyABSTRACT
The review article attempts to focus on the practice of human cadaveric dissection during its inception in ancient Greece in 3rd century BC, revival in medieval Italy at the beginning of 14th century and subsequent evolution in Europe and the United States of America over the centuries. The article highlights on the gradual change in attitude of religious authorities towards human dissection, the shift in the practice of human dissection being performed by barber surgeons to the anatomist himself dissecting the human body and the enactment of prominent legislations which proved to be crucial milestones during the course of the history of human cadaveric dissection. It particularly emphasizes on the different means of procuring human bodies which changed over the centuries in accordance with the increasing demand due to the rise in popularity of human dissection as a tool for teaching anatomy. Finally, it documents the rise of body donation programs as the source of human cadavers for anatomical dissection from the second half of the 20th century. Presently innovative measures are being introduced within the body donation programs by medical schools across the world to sensitize medical students such that they maintain a respectful, compassionate and empathetic attitude towards the human cadaver while dissecting the same. Human dissection is indispensable for a sound knowledge in anatomy which can ensure safe as well as efficient clinical practice and the human dissection lab could possibly be the ideal place to cultivate humanistic qualities among future physicians in the 21st century.
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Humans , Americas , Anatomists , Barber Surgeons , Cadaver , Empathy , Europe , Grave Robbing , Greece , Human Body , Italy , Schools, Medical , Students, Medical , United StatesABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the mainstream view and statusof people on body donation in Yunnan province, and provide references. Methods:Random sampling questionnaire survey was used, the obtained data was statistically analyzed. Results:Only 48. 0% of the people understand the body donation, 20. 6% of people know body donation ways and procedures, 27. 8% of people have heard of body receiving station, 11. 4% of people know the body receiving station in yunnan province, 17. 2% of the people to understand body donation of relevant laws and regulations. 47. 4% of people that are willing to donate his body. Conclusion:Make perfect laws and reg-ulations, respect for the body, giving donors and their families allowance, body donation monument, to carry out education and publicity of the body donation form to the whole society support and participate in the good atmos-phere of body donation has great benefits.
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The study of anatomy is inseparable from cadaveric dissection. However scarcity of cadavers is felt all over the world. Body donation is the preferred and major source of cadavers worldwide. It is defined as an informed and free act of giving one’s whole body after death for medical education and research. This article gives a brief review of history of body donation. It reveals the details about who can donate and who can accept the body along with procedure followed to donate body in India. It discusses the donors’ attitude behind body donation and factors preventing people from body donation. It deals with approach of various religions towards body donation. It discusses some important ways to overcome the scarcity of bodies in India and the world.
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Objective To understand the mainstream view of ethnic minorities and Han nationality in Yunnan province on Body donation, understand the present status and possible issues about body donation in Yunnan province, so as to provide reference for Yunnan province on body donation. Methods We conducted questionnaire survey by random sampling. Results Yi,Dai,Han on the body donation knowledge and Donation rate was low,and the Yi, Dai was lower than Han.promoting development of medicineandthat is the continuation of lifebecame the main factors affecting the willing to donate body,there was significant difference between the three ethnic groups ( <0.05) .After death should be laid to rest,family and public pressure,fear of being free to use,religious beliefbecome the main factors affecting the unwilling to donate body, three nations also had significant difference ( <0.05) .Conclusions Most people think that the whole society should pay close attention to body donation, that body donation is a very meaningful thing. Joint effort should be made by both the government and civil society for body donation programs in Yunnan Province.
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In order to maintain the donation of the human bodies required for medical education and research, we investigated social characteristics of those who have signed up to the donation program. The data registered in Chungbuk National University were analyzed and then compared to those registered in 9 of other universities in Korea. In addition, a telephone survey was performed for 128 registrants of Chungbuk National University. The number of registrants was rapidly increased after 1999 and the donation of body was sufficient for medical education and research after 2005. The number of registrants of Chungbuk after 2005 shows gradual increase whereas 10 other schools shows slight decrease. The age of registrants at signing up to the program showed the largest proportion in seventies (33.9%), followed by sixties (28.9%) and fifties (22%). Multiple registration which means two or more registrants from one family represented 40.9%. After the use of cadaver and cremation, most of the bereaved family preferred to keep and visit the cremains in the charnel house of medical school more than to carry out the school. By the telephone survey, 71% of the registrants answered they are in middle or upper middle class of living, and 77% responded that the motivation was voluntary for the society without any reward. Based on the present results we could expect the body donations will reasonably maintaine. Most of dornors have pure motivation without any reward from the school. Keeping their cremains at charnel house of the medical school were strongly favored so it is important to make enough facilities and management system as well.
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Humans , Cadaver , Cremation , Education, Medical , Human Body , Korea , Motivation , Reward , Schools, Medical , Sociology , TelephoneABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the current application of teaching cadavers and attitudes of medical students towards body donation and anatomy practicum and to make proposals on teaching and learning of human anatomy.Methods A on the spot questionnaire survey among 300 students studying in Hebei Medical University was conducted and the acquired data were contrasted analyzed.Results The teaching cadavers were insufficient and the quality of anatomy education was directly affected.Medical students took unfavorable attitudes towards anatomy practice and knew little about body donation.The main factors affected body donations were traditional concepts,lack of humanistic concern and complicated procedures of donation.Conclusions The short of teaching cadavers would be relieved by enhancing propaganda and legislation,emphasizing humanistic concern,simplifying procedures of donation.By means of anatomy teaching reformations,the learning interest and humanistic literacy of medical students are supposed to be improved.
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Introdução: As universidades brasileiras enfrentam dificuldades na obtenção do número adequado de corpos para oferecer ensino de qualidade e pesquisa. Em virtude disso, elaboramos um Programa de Doação de Corpos. O objetivo é avaliar a resposta ao programa proposto após seu primeiro ano de implantação. Métodos: Observadas as exigências éticas e legais, o Programa foi elaborado e implementado. Os dados dos doadores foram armazenados em banco de dados digital e a análise realizada sobre o número de doações e perfil sociocultural dos doadores. Resultados: O número de doações em vida por ano aumentou 8,9 vezes, quando comparado ao período prévio ao Programa. Entre os doadores, 59,78% se declararam católicos; 19,56% declararam não possuir religião; 13,04% pertenciam a outras religiões cristãs e 6,6% eram evangélicos. Em relação ao grau de instrução, 53,5% concluíram o ensino superior; 40% possuíam ensino médio e 6,6% alfabetizados. Conclusão: O Programa mostrou-se inicialmente bem-sucedido, devido ao expressivo aumento no número de doações em vida. Os maiores benefícios são o acesso à informação para aqueles que demonstram interesse de doar, além do ganho em qualidade de ensino para a instituição.
Introduction: The Brazilian universities face difficulties in obtaining an adequate number of bodies to provide quality education and research. As a result, we have developed a Body Donation Program. The aim here is to evaluate the response to the proposed program after its first year of implementation. Methods: The program was developed and implemented in compliance with the ethical and legal requirements. The data of the donors were stored in a digital database and an analysis of the number of donations and social and cultural profile of the donors was performed. Results: The number of living donations per year increased 8.9 times compared to the previous period without the program. Among the donors 59.78% declared themselves Catholic, 19.56% reported having no religion, 13.04% belonged to other religions, and 6.6% were Christian evangelicals. Regarding schooling 53.5% completed tertiary education, 40% had secondary education, and 6.6% were just literate. Conclusion: The program was initially successful due to the significant increase in donations in life. The greatest benefits are access to information for those who are willing to donate and the gain in quality of education for the institution.
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Humans , Cadaver , Human Body , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Since the beginning of anatomy education in Korea, the supply of cadavers was dependent on the dead of non-identified vagabonds, mainly. Recently, the body donation program was introduced, and it has been operating and managing. However, the management agencies of this program are numerous, medical colleges and organizations of society. Thus it is very difficult to find the demographic characteristics and the statistical data of cadaver donors. The purpose of this study is to compare the demographic characteristics such as the number of death, sex, age, the place of residence, causes of death and others between death in Jeollabuk-do of annual report of death statistics (National Statistical Office) and 110 cadaver donors at Chonbuk National University Medical School in 2000~2004. Numbers of the donated cadaver increased 1.9% from 15 donors in 2000 to 29 donors in 2004. The dead were 69,447 persons in Jeollabuk-do for 5 years (in 2000~2004), and 110 cadaver donors, 0.16% of death in Jeollabuk-do, were donated to Chonbuk National University Medical School at this times. There was a ratio of 57.3% male to 42.7% female in cadaver donors. The age of donors was sixties 26.4%, seventies 25.4% and forties 14.5%. The regional proportion of donors was highest in Jeonju city among 14 regions. The death causes of donors were the neoplasms with 35.5%, the diseases of the circulatory system with 12.7%, it was similar to the statistical result of the dead in Jeollabuk-do. The death place of donors was the highest in hospital. The christian of cadaver donors was 60%. The registrant of Chonbuk Council of Body Donors and some other organizations was 48.2% among the cadaver donors. These results may contribute to the supply of cadavers for the anatomical education and research as well as the proliferation of cadaver donation movement. We hope that the studies of the demographic characteristics to body donation will be continued with medical colleges in Korea.