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ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of different doses of L-Borneolum，Borneolum，and Borneolum Syntheticum in the electrophysiology，anti-inflammation，and regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） cardiovascular protection of the experimental acute myocardial infarction （AMI） rats. MethodSD male adult rats were randomly divided into thirteen groups according to their body weight，namely the sham operation group，the model group，the solvent model group，the nitroglycerin group，the Borneolum high，medium，and low-dose （0.6，0.3， 0.15 g·kg-1） groups，the L-Borneolum high，medium，and low-dose （0.2，0.1， 0.05 g·kg-1） groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high，medium，and low-dose （0.2，0.1， 0.05 g·kg-1） groups，with 10 rats in each group. Rats were given 10 mL·kg-1 by gavage for 3 d of pre-administration. Thirty minutes after the last administration，the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） was ligated to induce the model，and the successful rat model was continuously treated for 3 d. BL-420N biosystem was used to analyze the electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate variability （HRV） before and after modeling and after 3 d of treatment. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the myocardial tissue Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the protein expression levels of VEGF receptor 1 （VEGFR1），HIF-1α，and CD34. ResultCompared with the sham operation group，the model group significantly increased the heart rate，ECG ST wave，T wave，QRS duration，QTC interval，and Q wave on the day of modeling and after 3 d of treatment，and significantly changed HRV and T wave （P<0.05，P<0.01）. As compared with the solvent model group，on the day of modeling，the heart rate of the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups and the Borneolum groups，the ST wave of the L-Borneolum groups，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，HRV parameters of the L-Borneolum groups，the Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，LF/HF of the L-Borneolum high and medium-dose group，the Borneolum low-dose group，and the Borneolum Syntheticum groups，T wave of the L-Borneolum high-dose group，the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，and Borneolum medium-dose group，QTC interval of the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups and the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and QRS duration of the L-Borneolum high and low-dose groups，the Borneolum high and low-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum groups were significantly reduced or shortened （P<0.05，P<0.01）. After 3 d of treatment，the heart rate of the L-Borneolum groups，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum medium-dose group，ST wave of the L-Borneolum group，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，OTC interval，ORS duration，and Q wave of the L-Borneolum high-dose group，the Borneolum high-dose group，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and medium-dose groups，QRS duration of the L-Borneolum medium-dose group，QTC interval of the Borneolum medium-dose group，and Q wave of the Borneolum Syntheticum low-dose group were all significantly reduced or shortened（P<0.01）. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，the Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and medium-dose groups were significantly down-regulated（P<0.01），and LF/HF in the L-Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and low-dose groups were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）. HRV in the L-Borneolum high-dose group，the Borneolum groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and low-dose groups，and T wave in the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group were increased significantly. The protein expressions of HIF-1α，VEGFR1，and CD34 in the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，the Borneolum low-dose group，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group were significantly up-regulated，as well as those of VEGFR1 and CD34 in the Borneolum medium-dose group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe 3 kinds of Borneolum improves the heart rate，heart rate variability，and electrocardiogram of AMI model rats to different degrees，and may play a myocardial protective effect by anti-inflammation and promotion of angiogenesis. The combined effect suggests that L-Borneolum has the superior effect next to Borneolum，and Borneolum Syntheticum has the inferior effect.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of different doses of L-Borneolum，Borneolum，and Borneolum Syntheticum in the electrophysiology，anti-inflammation，and regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） cardiovascular protection of the experimental acute myocardial infarction （AMI） rats. MethodSD male adult rats were randomly divided into thirteen groups according to their body weight，namely the sham operation group，the model group，the solvent model group，the nitroglycerin group，the Borneolum high，medium，and low-dose （0.6，0.3， 0.15 g·kg-1） groups，the L-Borneolum high，medium，and low-dose （0.2，0.1， 0.05 g·kg-1） groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high，medium，and low-dose （0.2，0.1， 0.05 g·kg-1） groups，with 10 rats in each group. Rats were given 10 mL·kg-1 by gavage for 3 d of pre-administration. Thirty minutes after the last administration，the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） was ligated to induce the model，and the successful rat model was continuously treated for 3 d. BL-420N biosystem was used to analyze the electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate variability （HRV） before and after modeling and after 3 d of treatment. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the myocardial tissue Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the protein expression levels of VEGF receptor 1 （VEGFR1），HIF-1α，and CD34. ResultCompared with the sham operation group，the model group significantly increased the heart rate，ECG ST wave，T wave，QRS duration，QTC interval，and Q wave on the day of modeling and after 3 d of treatment，and significantly changed HRV and T wave （P<0.05，P<0.01）. As compared with the solvent model group，on the day of modeling，the heart rate of the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups and the Borneolum groups，the ST wave of the L-Borneolum groups，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，HRV parameters of the L-Borneolum groups，the Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，LF/HF of the L-Borneolum high and medium-dose group，the Borneolum low-dose group，and the Borneolum Syntheticum groups，T wave of the L-Borneolum high-dose group，the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，and Borneolum medium-dose group，QTC interval of the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups and the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and QRS duration of the L-Borneolum high and low-dose groups，the Borneolum high and low-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum groups were significantly reduced or shortened （P<0.05，P<0.01）. After 3 d of treatment，the heart rate of the L-Borneolum groups，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum medium-dose group，ST wave of the L-Borneolum group，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group，OTC interval，ORS duration，and Q wave of the L-Borneolum high-dose group，the Borneolum high-dose group，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and medium-dose groups，QRS duration of the L-Borneolum medium-dose group，QTC interval of the Borneolum medium-dose group，and Q wave of the Borneolum Syntheticum low-dose group were all significantly reduced or shortened（P<0.01）. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，the Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and medium-dose groups were significantly down-regulated（P<0.01），and LF/HF in the L-Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and low-dose groups were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）. HRV in the L-Borneolum high-dose group，the Borneolum groups，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high and low-dose groups，and T wave in the Borneolum high and medium-dose groups and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group were increased significantly. The protein expressions of HIF-1α，VEGFR1，and CD34 in the L-Borneolum medium and low-dose groups，the Borneolum low-dose group，and the Borneolum Syntheticum high-dose group were significantly up-regulated，as well as those of VEGFR1 and CD34 in the Borneolum medium-dose group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe 3 kinds of Borneolum improves the heart rate，heart rate variability，and electrocardiogram of AMI model rats to different degrees，and may play a myocardial protective effect by anti-inflammation and promotion of angiogenesis. The combined effect suggests that L-Borneolum has the superior effect next to Borneolum，and Borneolum Syntheticum has the inferior effect.
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Objective To study the optimal preparation of β-cyclodextrin inclusion borneol by saturated aqueous solution. Methods The orthogonal experimental design was used to evaluate the inclusion process using the content of borneol in the inclusion complex as an indicator. Results The optimum inclusion compound technology was β-CD 20 g, the amount of borneol was 2.3 g, the water temperature was 65 ℃, and the stirring speed was 800 r/min. Conclusions This process is simple, stable, and high in inclusion rate. It is suitable for scientific research and industrial application.
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In traditional Chinese medicine, Borneolum Syntheticum, a representative drug of aromatic orifice, is often widely used in the clinical treatment of neurotic diseases.In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have studied and analyzed the effective components and pharmacological effects of Borneolum Syntheticum,and it is considered that Borneolum Syntheticum alone has a significant effect on brain diseases.In this paper, the mechanism of Borneolum Syntheticum on cerebral circulatory system and central nervous system is discussed.In inhibiting brain injury, Borneolum Syntheticum can reduce neuronal vascular endothelial injury, reduce brain edema and decrease the content of Ca2+ in ischemic brain tissue.In the aspect of anti-inflammation, Borneolum Syntheticum can reduce the expression of induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), the number of leukocyte infiltration, the number of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) positive vessels and the number of TNF-α positive cells.In regulating the blood-brain barrier, Borneolum Syntheticum can increase the expression of zonula occluden-1(ZO-1) and claudin-5 protein in microvascular endothelial cells.The strength of the transdermal absorption of the Borneolum Syntheticum may be related to its configuration, the ability to extract the lipid, and the hydrophilicity.The effect of Borneolum Syntheticum on improving the bioavailability of other drugs is widely used in clinic.Nasal administration of Borneolum Syntheticum can bypass blood-brain barrier (BBB), and reach the central nervous system of the brain. It has a good prospect in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease.In the treatment of brain diseases such as seizures and Alzheimer' s disease, the mechanism of Borneolum Syntheticum is closely related to its effect on various brain neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glycine acid(GLY), D-aspartic acid(ASP), glutamic acid(GLU),β-endorphin(β-EP), norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA). However, the experimental results are not the same. It may be related to the different dosage and time of Borneolum Syntheticum administration, which needs to be studied.
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Objective To establish a quality control method for bomeol and artificial musk in Xinfufang-Zhenzhusan and Xinfufang-Zhenzhugao.Methods We used petroleum ether-toluene-ethyl acetate (9:3:2)as developer for TLC to identify isoborneol and borneol and petroleum ether-dichloromethane (2:3) as developer for TLC to identificate musk ketone.Agilent 7890 B gas chromatograph,FDI detector;Column:Thermo-TG-WaxMS GC (0.25 mm × 30 m,0.25 mm) was employed;the carrier gas was high purity nitrogen and flow rate for 1 mg/ml,the injection port temperature is 200 C and detector temperature is 250 ℃;the split ratio is 10:1 and injection volume was 1 μl,using temperature programmed.Results The isoborneol,borneol and musk ketone in the range of 0.001-10 mg/ml showed good linearity.The recovery of the method is in the range of 95 ％ to 105 ％.The TLC for isobomeol,bomeol,musk ketone can be identified easily.Conclusions The method was simple and reasonable,which can be used for the quality control of borneol and artificial musk in the Xinfufang-Zhenzhusan and Xinfufang-Zhenzhugao.
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Objective To identify whole ingredients in Niuhuang Qingwei Pills (NQP) and give primary grade evaluation of NQP. Methods Firstly, microscopic characteristics specified by the statutory standard of NQP were summarized. Then new microscopic identification methods were established for Sennae Folium and Gypsum Fibrosum while new thin layer chromatography (TLC) identification methods were established for Bovis Calculus Artifactus, Borneolum Syntheticum, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. In addition, microscopic identification method for Menthae Haplocalycis Herba was improved. In this way, whole-ingredient identification of 17 materials were realized. NQP reference drug was developed and applied as accompanying control in whole-ingredient identification and primary grade evaluation of the samples. Results According to the results of 48 samples from 18 manufactures by primary grade evaluation, 10, 37, and 1 samples were classified as superior, qualified, and unqualified, respectively. Conclusion The proposed methods are accurate, simple, and objective, which offers a more comprehensive approach for quality control of NQP. And the methods provide research strategy and experimental basis for further work on establishment of grade standard.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the contribution of Borneolum syntheticum to the intervention effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill (, LDP) on experimental retinal degeneration, and initially investigate the mechanism of Borneolum syntheticum as meridian-lead-in drug.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 180 sodium iodateinduced retinital degeneration rats were randomly divided into three groups, including distilled water group, LDP group, and LDP+Borneolum syntheticum (LDP+BS) group. Twenty normal rats were fed regularly without any treatment as normal control. On day 7 and 14 after treatment, histopathological study and transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) test were performed to evaluate the retinopathy. Claudin-5 expression at blood-retina barrier (BRB) was detected by Western blot at different time points from 0.5 to 8 h after gavage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On day 7 and 14 after treatment, the retinal lesion grades were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05). The grade in the LDP+BS group was significantly less than the LDP and distilled water groups (both P<0.05), no significant difference was observed between the LDP and distilled water groups (P>0.05). The apoptosis rates in the LDP+BS group was significantly less than the distilled water and LDP groups (both P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between LDP and distilled water groups (P>0.05). Expression of claudin-5 in LDP+BS group was significantly less than the other two groups at 0.5, 1 and 2 h after gavage (P<0.05). There was no apparent difference among the three groups at 4 and 8 h after gavage (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Borneolum syntheticum could strengthen the effect of LDP on experimental retinal degeneration, indicated that Borneolum syntheticum might play the role of meridian-lead-in drug in the formula. The mechanism may be due to Borneolum syntheticum could promote the physiologically openness of bloodretina barrier through transiently affecting the expression of claudin-5.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Apoptosis , Claudin-5 , Metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Retinal Degeneration , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Retinal Pigment Epithelium , Pathology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: To study the toxicity alleviation effect of Bovis Calculus Artificialis, Gypsum Fibrosum, and Borneolum Synthcticum to Realgar in Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet based on 1H-NMR metabonomics. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: group A (control group), group B (treated with realgar), group C (treated with Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet), group D (treated with Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet without Bovis Calculus Artificialis), group E (treated with Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet without Gypsum Fibrosum), and group F (treated with Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet without Borneolum Synthcticum). Based on 1H-NMR spectra of urine and serum from rats, PLS-DA was performed to identify different metabolic profiles. Results: The metabolic profiles of group B were different from control group, while the metabolic profiles of all other groups were almost in line with those of control group. Conclusion: The toxicity alleviation effects of Bovis Calculus Artificialis, Gypsum Fibrosum, and Borneolum Synthcticum to Realgar in Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet are not obvious.
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Objective: To compare l-Borneolum, Borneolum, Borneolum Syntheticum, Styrax, and Benzoinum for regulating the physiological index of node and strength in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in parallel based on the overall concept of tradition Chinese medicine (TCM) and the idea of dynamic view. Methods: The influence of resuscitation inducing aromatic herbs on rats with normal activities of body temperature (T), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (SBP and DBP), activity (A), and other physiological parameters were dynamically monitored by DSI implantable physiological signal telemetry technology. The data were processed and mapped by SPSS 17.0, SAS 9.2, and OriginPro 8.5. Results: Three kinds of borneol showed inhibitory effect on T and HR of model rats, and l-Borneolum had the optimal inhibitory effect; Styrax showed the excitation-inhibition trend on HR, SBP, DBP, and A of model rats; Benzoinum had no obvious effect on each index. The results of principal component analysis showed that Borneolum and Styrax had the same orientation in model rats; Borneolum Syntheticum could simultaneously affect A, SBP, and DBP. Cluster analysis and correspondence analysis showed that characteristics of three kinds of borneol can be classified as the same kind; Benzoinum and Styrax had their own affect rules. Conclusion: The three kinds of drugs have inhibitory effect on each physiological index; Styrax has the excitation-inhibition trend, which is related to the previous understanding of its time-window; Benzoinum has no effect on model rats, which is related to its evenness. The future research can be expanded on the mechanism of resuscitation drugs on rats with LPS-induced fever.
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Objective: To compare the absorption characteristics of Luodian Borneolum and muscone after nasal unidirectional perfusion with different Xingnaojing preparations in rats. Methods: The nasal unidirectional perfusion model was used, the contents of Luodian Borneolum and muscone were determined by GC method, and the absorption of Luodian Borneolum and muscone in Xingnaojing Nasal Drop (XN) and Xingnaojing Microemulsion (XM) were compared. Results: The absorption rate constants (Ka) of Luodian Borneolum in XN and XM were (1.00 ± 0.02)and (0.76 ± 0.03) min-1, respectively, and the Ka values of muscone in XN and XM were (0.76 ± 0.02) and (0.58 ± 0.10) min-1, respectively. Conclusion: The absorption of Luodian Borneolum and muscone in XN are both faster than that in XM.
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OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality standards of Huoxue Zhitong Powders and Huoxue Zhitong Capsules. METHODS: Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Olibanum and Borneolum Syntheticum were identified simultaneously by TLC method. Ferulic acid was detected by HPLC method. RESULTS: Clear spots were obtained with good separation in TLC identification. For the HPLC determination of ferulic acid, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.2-200 μg · mL-1, the limit of detection was 0.054 μg · mL-1 and recoveries were between 95%-105%. CONCLUSION: The proposed method is specific, accurate, simple and applicable for better control of Huoxue Zhitong Preparations' quality.
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Objective: To investigate the enhancing effect of Borneolum Syntheticum and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma on penetrating blood-brain barrier (BBB) of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in rat. Methods: The concentration of HSYA in rat plasma and brain was determinated after ig administration of 20.00 mg/kg of HSYA to rats with or without Borneolum Syntheticum and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma. And then, the character of penetrating BBB through the result of the AUCbrain/AUCbloodwas evaluated. Results: The AUC 0-8h, were (77 228.76±2 873.19), (81 949.04±2 283.11), and (28 479.63±2 431.71) ng·mL-1·min for blood and (55 925.0± 2 434.28), (82 768.53 ±3 277.00), and (70 914.29 ±2 900.71) ng·mL-1·min for brain of the control group, Borneolum Syntheticum group, and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma group. The AUCbrain/AUCblood, were 0.72, 1.01, and 2.49, respectively. Conclusion: Borneolum Syntheticum and Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma do enhance the penetrating BBB of HSYA (P<0.05). Further more, Acori Talarinowii Rhizoma could affect the distribution of HSYA in rats.
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Objective To establish the quality standard for Xiangshuyin Dispersible tablets. Methods Fructus citrus sarcodactylis and Borneolum syntheticum in the prescription were identified by TLC. The content of the total Naringin was determined by HPLC. The column of AichromBond-AQ-C18 (4.6 mm?150 mm,5 ?m) was used. The mobile phase was mobile phase A-mobile phase B (84∶16),mobile phase A was Water-Acetic Acid (100∶1),mobile phase B was Acetonitrile,at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature of 30 ℃,and peaks were detected at 283 nm. Results The study on the quality control showed that the characteristic of identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific. The linear range of Naringin was 0.120 6～0.603 ?g,r =0.999 9,the average recovery was 97.90%,RSD=1.76% (n=5). Conclusion The method was easy to operate with accurate result and good reproducibility. It can be used effectively for the quality control of the preparation.
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0.05),however,it can shorten curative time obviously on Ⅱ type dental ulcer.Simultaneously,the general reaction and focal mucosa of borneolum and borax pellicle group had no obvious variation before and after the test.Conclusions Chitosan has no effect on min-pigs' nerve,cardiovascular and respiratory system;and it is relatively safe given by mouth or peritoneal injection.The borneolum and borax pellicle can shorten curative time obviously on Ⅱtype dental ulcer.
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To investigate the effect of treatment based on syndrome differentiation combined with resuscitation inducing aromatic herbs for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Forty four cases of AIS were randomly allocated to two groups. Twenty cases of Group A were treated with treatment based on syndrome differentiation combined with Tongqiao capsule(each capsule containing Moschus 0 04?g and Borneolum 0 1?g)and twenty four of Group B with treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Therapeutic effect were observed in the second week after medication. The total effective rate was 95% in Group A and 91 6% in Group B, the difference being not significant. However, the difference of markedly effective rate (80 0% in Group A and 54 2% in Group B) was significant (P
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Objective To explore the mechanism of Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong in counteracting cerebral ischemia with reperfusion injury.Methods Rat Model of cerebral ischemia with reperfusion injury was set up by occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries.The effect of Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong on the content of nitric oxide(NO)and free radicals of model rat brain tissue was observed.Results Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong decreased the lipid peroxide(LPO)content and increased the activity of superoxidase(SOD)in model rat brain tissue(P
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[Objective] To study the protective effect of Xing Nao Jing (XNJ) on cultured cortical neurons in rats. [Methods] Primary cultured cortical neurons were applied to observe the effect of XNJ in counteracting the excitotoxicity ofglutamic acid. [Results] XNJ decreased the release of intracellular lactic dehydrogenase induced by glutamic acid and reduced the histological changes of cultured cortical neurons. [Conclusion] XNJ can counteract the excitotoxicity of glutamic acid and protect cultured cortical neurons in rats.
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Objective To establish a new method to identify and analyze Qingdai Powder and its composition.Methods X-ray Diffraction with Fourier pattern was used.Results The standard X-ray diffraction with Fourier pattern and characteristic diffraction peaks of Qingdai Powder and its composition drugs were obtained.Conclusion The powder X-ray diffraction method can be used as a simple and convenient method for the identification of Qingdai Powder and its composition drugs.
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Methods: The experimental brain injury was induced in the SD rats by free falling object, and the expression of intercelluar adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)in the microvascular endothelial cells (EC) of rat brain was examined by immunohistochemistry and S-P histochemical methods.The rats were allocated to group A(normal blank control group), group B (administration of Borneolum), group C(brain injured model group) and group D(model rats treated with Borneolum).Results:ICAM-1 seldom expressed or never expressed in the normal rats brain,the administration of Borneolum could not induce its expression,and ICAM-1 expression increased in the injured brain(P
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The concentrations of borneol in the serum and brain tissue of rats were determined by gas chromatography. Using brain tissue as a relatively independent system, PHARMFIT and PCNONLIN softwares are applied for the kinetic analysis of the infracorporal process of borneol in order to find out and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of borneol in the brain and serum. The results showed that borneol was absorbed very rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract and readily permeates the blood-brain barrier into brain tissue. There was a higher specific value of borneol concentration in the brain and serum. Moreover, the half life of distribution phase of borneol in the brain was three times higher than that in the serum. But the constants of elimination rate of borneol in the brain and serum decreased simultaneously and parallelly, hence the accumulation of borneol in brain will not be found.