Association between dental caries, odontogenic infections, oral hygiene status and anthropometric measurements of children in Lagos, Nigeria

Dental caries is a significant public health problem afflicting about a third of the world's population which impacts nutrition, quality of life and systemic health. Aim: We explored associations between dental caries, odontogenic infections, oral hygiene and anthropometric measurements of children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A pretested validated questionnaire was administered on 278 children who also received anthropometric assessment and dental examinations. Caries was scored according to WHO criteria and untreated dental caries by the Pulpal Exposure, Ulceration, Fistula, Abcess (PUFA/pufa) index. The weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ), and weight for height (WHZ) parameters evaluated nutritional status. Categorical and continuous data were analysed by χ2-test and ANOVA. Regression analysis was done and statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT + dmft) > 0 was 220 (79.1%) and the proportion of d+D teeth in dmft+DMFT index was 194 (70.0%). The prevalence of odontogenic infections due to caries (PUFA + pufa > 0) was 172 (61.8%). 74 (26.6%) children were stunted; 12 (4.3%) were underweight while 30 (10.8%) were wasted. Children with PUFA + pufa > 1 had increased risk of wasting (OR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.16-4.88). Children with DMFT+dmft >5 were also significantly underweight with odds ratios of 2.34 (95% CI 1.04-4.33). Conclusions: There was significant association between untreated dental caries, odontogenic infections and stunting, wasting and being underweight among the children studied. Policy makers should be aware of the additional burden that oral neglect has on anthropometric indices

Efetividade de selantes de fossas e fissuras aplicados por estudantes de Odontologia na prevenção de cárie / Effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants applied by Dental students for dental caries prevention

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade dos selantes aplicados por estudantes do curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul), Grande Florianópolis, após 6 meses da aplicação, e estimar a prevalência de cárie dos participantes. Sujeitos e método: estudo observacional descritivo com indivíduos das clínicas de Odontologia. A efetividade dos selantes oclusais foi avaliada por roteiro validado na literatura, e a prevalência de cárie, dicotomizada. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e as associações pelo teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: a taxa de resposta do estudo foi de 94,7% (n=18), 2/3 da amostra eram do sexo feminino (72,2% IC 95% 49,1;87,5), 60% dos pacientes recebiam 3 salários mínimos ou menos, maiores proporções de indivíduo tinham selados seus dentes há pelo menos 9 meses. Pouco menos de 2/3 da amostra receberam Fluroshield como material restaurador em seus dentes. Dentre os 57 dentes avaliados, 70,2% apresentavam retenção to-tal. Os dentes mais acometidos pela perda de retenção foram os segundos molares superiores (40%). Mais de 2/3 da amostra não apresentaram cárie (88,9% IC 95% 67,2; 96,9). O isolamento relativo foi o mais prevalente (72,2% IC 95% 49,1;87,5). Conclusão: sob a perspectiva das práticas dos estudantes de Odontologia, metade da amostra de pacientes apresentou alguma perda de retenção dos selantes, mesmo que um número maior de retenções totais e a ausência de recidiva de cárie tenham sido observados. Isso reflete a importância da relação professor-aluno no planejamento e na correta aplicação das técnicas de selamento por estudantes de Odontologia. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants applied by undergraduate dental students of the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul), SC, Brazil, after 6 months, and to estimate the prevalence of caries in the participants. Subjects and method: observational and descriptive study with individuals from the dental clinics. The effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants was evaluated using a script validated in the literature, and the prevalence of caries was dichotomized. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the associations were made using the chi-square test. Results: the response rate of the study was 94.7% (n=18), 2/3 of the sample consisted of women (72.2% 95%CI 49.1, 87.5), 60% of the patients received three Brazilian minimum wages or less, and a great portion of the participants had sealed their teeth at least 9 months earlier. A little under 2/3 of the sample received Fluroshield as restorative material for their teeth. Among the 57 teeth evaluated, 70.2% presented complete retention. The teeth most affected by loss of retention were maxillary left second molars (40%). More than 2/3 of the sample did not present dental caries (88.9% 95%CI, 67.2, 96.9). Relative isolation was the most prevalent (72.2% 95%CI 49.1, 87.5). Conclusion: from the perspective of the practices of dental students, half of the sample of patients presented some loss of sealant retention, despite the greater number of complete retentions and absence of recurrent caries. This reflects the importance of the teacher-student relationship in the planning and correct application of sealing techniques by dental students. (AU)

Strategies of caries management in whole life cycle / 中华口腔医学杂志

Dental caries is one of the most important chronic oral diseases that seriously threaten human health. Because of the characteristics of high incidence, low rate of treatment and high rate of retreatment, conventional prevention and treatment strategies cannot effectively control the occurrence of caries. This article proposes the concept of whole life cycle management of dental caries, focusing on group management of dental caries according to different ages and physiological characteristics on one hand, and personal management of dental caries according to various risk factors and risk levels of individual patient on the other hand, to achieve the goals of controlling the multiple factors that affect the development of dental caries, restoring the oral microecological balance, and further controlling the progress of caries and reconstructing the structure and function of carious teeth.

A 2-year cohort study on the caries risk assessment of 3-year-old caries-free children using Cariostat caries activity test / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the caries status of a cohort of 3-year-old caries-free children from 2 kindergartens in Beijing in a period of 2 years by using Cariostat caries activity test and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Cariostat score as a caries risk indicator for caries-free children.@*Methods@#Totally 426 3-year-old caries-free children from 2 kindergartens in Beijing were recruited in the present study. Informed consents were obtained from the children's parents. Dental plaque samples of the children were collected and the Cariostat caries activity tests were conducted at baseline and once a year for 2 years. After two years, the caries status of the cohort children were re-evaluated and the caries incidences amongst children with high (2.0, 2.5, 3.0), medium (1.5) and low (1.0, 0.5, 0.0) levels of Cariostat scores were compared and analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 864 3-year-old children from 2 kindergartens were screened before the study startedand 426 (49.3%) children were caries free. After 2-year follow-up, 312 out of 426 (73.2%) remained in the study. The overall caries incident rate was 46.5% (145/312). The caries incident rate of children with high level of Cariostat scores was 88.9% (88/99), while the caries incident rates of children with medium and low levels of Cariostat scores was 38.7% (36/93) and 17.5% (21/120), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Cariostat test in assessing the caries risk of 3-year-old caries-free children in a period of 2 years were 60.7% and 93.4%, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Cariostat caries activity test can be used as an indicator to predict the caries risk of 3-year-old caries-free children. Comprehensive caries management could be conducted for children in kindergartens based on the caries risk assessment results of caries experience and the Cariostat score.

Sodium hypochlorite effects on dentin bond strength and acid-base resistant zone formation by adhesive systems

Aim: To evaluate the effects of 10% NaOCl gel application on the dentin bond strengths and morphology of resin-dentin interfaces formed by three adhesives. Methods: Two etch-and-rinseadhesives (One-Step Plus, Bisco Inc. and Clearfil Photo Bond, Kuraray Noritake Dental) and oneself-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Noritake Dental) were applied on dentin accordingto the manufacturers’ instructions or after the treatment with 10% NaOCl (ED-Gel, Kuraray NoritakeDental) for 60 s. For interfacial analysis, specimens were subjected to acid-base challenge andobserved by SEM to identify the formation of the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ). For microtensilebond strength, the same groups were investigated and the restored teeth were thermocycled(5,000 cycles) or not before testing. Bond strength data were subjected to two-way ANOVA andTukey’s test (p<0.05). Results: NaOCl application affected the bond strengths for One-Step Plusand Clearfil Photo Bond. Thermocycling reduced the bond strengths for Clearfil Photo Bond andClearfil SE Bond when used after NaOCl application and One-Step Plus when used asrecommended by manufacturer. ABRZ was observed adjacent to the hybrid layer for self-etchprimer. The etch-and-rinse systems showed external lesions after acid-base challenge and noABRZ formation when applied according to manufacturer’s instructions. Conclusions:10% NaOClchanged the morphology of the bonding interfaces and its use with etch-&-rinse adhesives reducedthe dentin bond strength. Formation of ABRZ was material-dependent and the interface morphologieswere different among the tested materials.

Oral health in drug addict adolescents and non psychoactive substance users

The purpose of this study was to compare oral health between adolescents who are recovering drug addicts and adolescents who report not having used psychoactive substances. A retrospective observational Case-Control study was conducted on 60 subjects per group, aged 15 to 25 years, paired according to sex, age and educational vulnerability. Dental and sialochemical examinations were used to determine oral health/disease/care indicators. Psychoactive substance use habits were obtained from clinical records. DMFT index for Case adolescents was 8.58}4.34, doubling the mean value for the Control group, which was 4.33}4.30. CPI was compatible with gingival-periodontal health in 45% of the Control subjects, but only 20% in the Case group. CPI categories 2 and 3 had different distributions according to the study group, with CPI2=33%, CPI3=0% for the case group and CPI2=57%; CPI3=5% for the control group. Mean values for stimulated saliva for Case and Control groups, respectively, were: salivary flow (ml/min) 1.42}1.08; 0.98}0.41, salivary pH 6.96}0.33 6.86}0.27, and buffer capacity expressed as final pH, 6.73}0.29, 6.61}0.28. Wilcoxon's test for independent samples showed significant differences (p<0.05) between Case and Control for the variables White Spot, Non-Cavitated Carious Lesions, Cavitated Carious Lesions, DMFT, Components D and M, Salivary Flow and Buffer Capacity. There was significant association between the D component in DMFT and use of psychoactive substances, both in single drug and polydrug users. Oral component status was worse in recovering drug addicts than in non-users of psychoactive substances.

El proposito de esta investigacion fue comparar el estado de salud bucodental en adolescentes drogodependientes en recuperacion y los que no refieren consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Se realizo un estudio observacional tipo Caso y Control, retrospectivo de 60 adolescentes de 15 a 25 anos para cada grupo, apareados segun: sexo, edad y vulnerabilidad educativa. A traves de examen clinico odontologico y sialoquimico se relevaron indicadores de saludenfermedad- atencion del componente bucal. Los habitos de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas se obtuvieron de historias clinicas. El indice CPOD en los adolescentes Casos resulto 8,58}4,34 valor que dobla la media que presenta el grupo Control 4,33}4,30. El Indice IPC presento una situacion compatible con salud gingivo-periodontal en el 45% de los sujetos Control, mientras que solo alcanzo al 20% en el grupo Caso. Las categorias 2 y 3 del IPC mostraron distribucion diferente segun el grupo de estudio siendo IPC2=33%; IPC3=0% y IPC2=57%; IPC3=5%, respectivamente para casos y controles. Los valores medios de los regis tros de saliva estimulada fueron para flujo salival (ml/min) 1,42}1,08; 0,98}0,41, pH de saliva 6,96}0,33 6,86}0,27, y la capacidad amortiguadora o buffer expresada como pH final 6,73}0,29, 6,61}0,28 para el grupo Caso y Control respectivamente. La prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras independientes puso en evidencia diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre Caso y Control para las variables Mancha Blanca, Caries no Cavitada, Caries Penetrante, CPOD, Componentes C y P, Flujo salival y Capacidad buffer. Se observo asociacion significativa entre el componente C del CPOD y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas tanto para la modalidad de monoconsumo como para la de policonsumo. La situacion del componente bucal de los sujetos drogodependientes en recuperacion, presenta mayor deterioro, respecto a los no consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas.

Main cariogenic microorganisms：a Meta-analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Scholars have carried out a lot of research on the main cariogenic microorganisms, but there is stil no comprehensive and systematic evaluation. OBJECTIVE:To perform an evidence-based medicine analysis on the six main cariogenic microorganisms. METHODS:Literature about microbial factors and age factors of caries disease etiology were retrieved, which were published from 2011 to 2014 in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), Chinese Journal Ful-text Database (CJFD) and VIP. Eligible studies were divided into two groups according to absorbance values: observation group (higher absorbance value) and control group (lower absorbance value). The probability of dental caries under the impact ofStreptococcus mutans, Lactobacilus microbe,Prevotela,Selenomonas,Capnocytophaga,Veilonelawere statisticaly analyzed using Meta-analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eight articles were included in result analysis. Odds ratio (OR) values refer to the statistical difference in the probability of dental caries under same pathogenic factors between two groups:OR > 1 indicates the incidence of dental caries is higher in the observation group than the control group, andOR < 1 suggests the incidence of dental caries is lower in the observation group than the control group. Meta-analysis results showStreptococcus mutans (OR=2.41),Lactobacilus microbe (OR=1.68),Prevotela (OR=2.75),Capnocytophaga (OR=1.98),Selenomonas(OR=2.38), indicating that the probability of dental caries is higher in the observation group than the control group, and these microorganisms are greatly correlated with the occurrence and development of dental caries;Veilonela (OR=0.45), indicating the probability of dental caries is lower in the observation group than the control group, andVeilonela has smal correlation with dental caries and only plays an important role in a certain development stage of dental caries.

Uso do cariogram® na avaliação do risco de cárie em crianças em um municípiobrasileiro: estudo piloto / Caries risk assessment in children using Cariogram® in a Brazilian city: pilot study / El uso del Cariogram® en la evaluación del riesgo de caries niños de un municipio brasileño: estudio piloto

Analisar o risco de cárie dentária em crianças de 12 anos de idade por meio da utilização do Cariogram®. Métodos: Estudo descritivo realizado com 31 crianças de 12 anos de idade de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental em um município do Nordeste brasileiro, no ano de 2009. Coletaram-se dados referentes à experiência de cárie e doenças sistêmicas relacionadas; presença de açúcar na dieta e frequência de ingestão; quantidade de placa e contagem de estreptococos do grupo mutans; uso de produtos fluoretados, fluxo salivar e capacidade tampão. Todos estes dados foram inseridos no Cariogram® para que se pudesse obter um perfil de risco de cárie individual e a capacidade de evitar novas lesões. Resultados: Verificou-se que 78% (n=24) das crianças apresentaram riscos individuais de cárie nos níveis intermediário e alto; 45% (n=14) dos participantes apresentaram menos de 50% de chance de evitar novas lesões de cáries. Ainda, que 6,45% (n= 2) das crianças apresentavam possibilidade de evitar novas lesões de cárie menor que 75%, ou seja, configuravam em alto risco de desenvolvimento de cárie; e 12,90% (n= 4) apresentavam uma possibilidade maior que 75%, sendo caracterizado como baixo risco de evitar estas lesões. Houve associações positivas (p<0,05) entre presença de açúcar na dieta e fluxo salivar, em que indivíduos com dieta cariogênica apresentavam fluxo salivar diminuído. Conclusão: Verificou-se um padrão de risco de cárie nos níveis intermediário e alto, com susceptibilidade acima de 10% e possibilidade de evitar novas lesões de cárie inferior a 50%...

To analyze the risk of dental caries in 12-year-old children through the use of Cariogram®. Methods: Descriptive study conducted with 31 children, aged 12 years, in apublic elementary school in a city of the Brazilian Northeast, in 2009. Data was collected regarding caries experience and related systemic disease; presence of sugar in the diet and intake frequency; Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth and bacterial counts; use of fluoride products, salivary flow and buffering capacity. All this data was inserted into Cariogram®, in order to obtain a profile of individual caries risk and the ability to prevent new cariouslesions. Results: It was found that 78% (n=24) of the children had individual risk of dental caries in the intermediate and high levels; 45% (n=14) of the participants had less than a 50% chance of avoiding new cavities. Furthermore, 6.45% (n=2) of the children had less than 75% possibility of avoiding new carious lesions, i.e., they featured high risk of caries development, and 12.90% (n=4) had a possibility of more than 75%, being characterized as low risk of developing such injuries. There were positive associations (p<0.05) between the presence of sugar in the diet and salivary flow, in which subjects with cariogenic diet had decreased salivary flow. Conclusion: A caries risk pattern was found in the intermediate and high levels, with susceptibility above 10% and possibility of avoiding new caries lesions under 50%...

Objetivo: Analizar el riesgo de caries dentaria en niños de 12 años de edad con la utilización del Cariogram®. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado con 31 niños de 12 años de edad en uma escuela pública de enseñanza fundamental de un municipio Del Nordeste brasileño en 2009. Se recogió datos sobre la experiência de caries y enfermedades sistémicas relacionadas; presencia de azúcar en la dieta y frecuencia de ingestión; cantidad de placa y recuento de estreptococus del grupo mutans; el uso de productos fluorados, flujo salival y capacidad de tapón. Todos los datos fueron inseridos en el Cariogram® para obtener un perfil de riesgo de caries individual y la capacidad de evitar nuevas lesiones. Resultados: Se verificó que el 78% (n=24) de los niños presentaron riesgos individuales de caries en los niveles intermediario y alto; el 45% (n=14) de los participantes presentaron menos del 50% de oportunidad de evitar nuevas lesiones de caries. Además, el 6,45% (n= 2) de los niños presentaron la posibilidad de evitar nuevas lesiones de caries abajo del 75%, es decir, presentaron riesgo elevado de desarrollo de caries; y el 12,90% (n= 4) presentaron una mayor posibilidad que el 75% caracterizando el bajo riesgo en evitar estas lesiones. Hubieron asociaciones positivas (p<0,05) de la presencia del azúcar en la dieta y el flujo salival en la cual los individuos con dieta cariogénica presentaron flujo salival disminuido. Conclusión: Se verificó un patrón de riesgo de caries en los niveles intermediario y alto con susceptibilidad mayor que el 10% y posibilidad de evitar nuevas lesiones de caries menor que el 50%...

Caries risk assessment in chilean adolescents and adults and its association with caries experience

Cariogram is a computer program that uses an algorithm to assess caries risk. Although the use of Cariogram has recently increased, little information is available regarding its effectiveness in adults. This study aimed to determine whether caries risk from Cariogram relates to caries experience in adults. One hundred and eighty Cariogram files were completed from patients aged ten to fifty-six years (mean: 23.28 years). Seven factors from the software were included from patient records to complete the Cariogram: caries experience, diet (content and frequency), stimulated salivary flow, hygiene index, related diseases and fluoride usage. The percentages of "chances of avoiding new lesions" (caries risk) were obtained from Cariogram, and the subjects were classified into five risk groups. Results were compared for each variable with ANOVA, and a correlation between caries and Cariogram variables was calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. A multivariate regression model was also used. Only three patients were classified as low risk, and none were classified as very low risk. Thus, only the four upper quintiles were considered for the analysis, and the lower quintile was not considered in the study. Neither DMFT nor the number of lesions were significantly different among the Cariogram's risk categories (p > 0.05). Only diet content was significantly correlated with caries experience (p = 0.006). Caries lesions failed to correlate with any Cariogram variable (p > 0.05). Age, not sex or caries risk scores, showed a strong and positive association with DMFT (p < 0.01). Caries risk from Cariogram appears to be unrelated with caries experience or caries lesions in a high-caries adult population.

Correlação entre a merenda escolar, obesidade e cariogenicidade em escolares / Correlation between school meals, obesity and cariogenicity in school

Objetivos: analisar a influência da merenda escolar na prevalência de cárie dentária e na obesidade. Métodos: foram analisados 480 alunos da rede pública do município de Juiz de Fora/MG, por meio de exame clínico bucal, avaliação antropométrica (IMC- índice de massa corpórea), e aplicação de questionário alimentar. O Programa EPI-INFO (versão 3.3.2) foi utilizado para entrada e análise quali-quantitativa dos dados. Resultados: pôde-se observar que a média de idade da população estudada foi de 10,3 anos, variando entre 4,0 e 18,0 anos, sendo 50,4% pertencentes ao sexo feminino. Cerca de 16,6% da população estudada foi classificada em obesos e sobrepesos. Constatou-se uma média de ceo-d de 1,33 e CPOD de 3,18. Não observou-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p = 0,92) na média de CPOD segundo IMC e na média de ceo-d segundo IMC, por meio do teste paramétrico ANOVA. Conclusões: não houve influência da qualidade da merenda escolar sobre a prevalência de cárie dentária e obesidade.

Objectives: analyzed the influence of school snacks on the prevalence of dental caries and obesity. Methods: a total of 480 students attending public schools at the city of Juiz de Fora/MG were analyzed by oral clinical examination, anthropometric evaluation (BMI – body mass index), and application of a dietary questionnaire. The software EPI-INFO (version 3.3.2) was used for entry and quali-quantitative analysis of data. Results: the mean age of the study population was 10.3 years, ranging from 4.0 to 18.0 years, being 50.4% females. Nearly 16.6% of the population was classified as having obesity and overweight. The mean dmft was 1.33 and the mean DMFT was 3.18. There were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.92) in the mean DMFT according to the BMI and in the dmft according to the BMI, according to the parametric ANOVA test. Conclusions: the quality of school snacks did not influence the obesity and the prevalence of dental caries.

Efeito da irradiação com laser de argônio associado ou não a flúor na morfologia superficial do esmalte dentário bovino / Effect of argon laser irradiation associated or not with fluoride on the surface morphology of bovine dental enamel

Introdução - Novas tecnologias, como irradiação com laser de argônio, têm sido indicadas na tentativa de se incrementar a resistência do esmalte à desmineralização. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a morfologia da superfície do esmalte após: irradiação com laser de argônio, aplicação tópica de flúor acidulado, bem como após a sua associação. Material e Métodos - Foram utilizados fragmentos de esmalte bovino da face vestibular de 15 dentes. Após a profilaxia, as amostras foram divididas em 5 grupos: 1 - controle (sem tratamento); 2 - aplicação de flúor acidulado (1,23 %, 4 min, pH 3); 3 - irradiação com laser de argônio (250 mW, 120 s e 107J/cm2), 4 - aplicação de laser, seguido do flúor; 5 - aplicação de flúor seguido do laser nos mesmos parâmetros do grupo III. As amostras foram então preparadas para microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados - O esmalte que entrou em contato com o flúor acidulado, exclusivamente (G2) ou antes da irradiação (G5), apresentou superfícies com sulcos menos profundos que o das superfícies controle (G1) e dos grupos onde não houve aplicação de flúor(G3) ou este foi aplicado após a irradiação (G4). Os grupos tratados inicialmente com laser (G3,G4) mantiveram a morfologia superficial semelhante à do grupo controle (G1). Conclusão - O flúor criou superfície mais lisa que a do controle, portanto houve uma leve desmineralização, que não ocorreu quando o esmalte foi previamente irradiado. Adicionalmente, a ação desmineralizante do flúor foi potencializada pelo laser. Esses resultados sugerem que a irradiação com laser de argônio poderia ser capaz de aumentar a resistência do esmalte à desmineralização.

Introduction - New technologies, as the argon laser use, have been indicated attempting to increase the enamel demineralization resistance. The aim of this study was to observe the dental enamel surface morphology after argon laser irradiation, fluoridization and their association. Material and Methods - Fragments of vestibular face of bovine enamel from 15 teeth were divided into 5 experimental groups: 1 - control (no treatment); 2 -fluoridization with acidulated phosphate fluoride (1,23 %, pH 3, 4 min), 3 - argon laser irradiation ( 250 mW, 120 s and 107 J/cm2 ), 4 - argon laser irradiation followed by fluoridization; 5 - fluoridization followed by argon laser irradiation in the same parameters of group 3. The samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Results - The enamel treated by fluoridization, exclusively (G2) or before the irradiation (G5), presented surfaces with less deep grooves than that of control (GI) and from groups non-treated with fluoridization (G3) or when this was applied after irradiation (G4). The groups initially irradiated (G3, G4) maintained the superficial morphology similar to that of control (G1). Conclusion - The fluoridization created smoother surfaces than control, thus promoted a light demineralization that has not occurred at the enamel previously irradiated. This result suggests that argon laser irradiation could be able to increase the enamel demineralization resistance.

Quantitative analysis of cariogenic strains in dental plaque of caries-susceptibile children by real-time PCR / 上海第二医科大学学报

8).The amount of the targeted microorganisms(Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sobrinus,Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii) and the total number of bacterial cells were determined by real-time PCR based on SYBR-Green I fluorescence.Results The percentages of the four targeted bacteria in high-caries group were significantly higher than those in caries-free group(P

Study on the ability of acidogenicity and aciduricity of Streptococcus mutans isolated from children with different caries susceptibility / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the acidogenicity and aciduric ability of Streptococcus mutans isolated from the children with different caries susceptibility.Methods: The acidogenic and aciduric ability of Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from children was investigated.Acidogenicity ability was compared among high caries-susceptible group,middle caries-susceptible group and caries-free group.Results: The acidogenicity and aciduric ability of Streptococcus mutans isolated from the high caries-susceptible children and middle caries-susceptible group were significantly higher than that isolated from caries-free group(P