Updated Understanding of the Glial-Vascular Unit in Central Nervous System Disorders / 神经科学通报·英文版

The concept of the glial-vascular unit (GVU) was raised recently to emphasize the close associations between brain cells and cerebral vessels, and their coordinated reactions to diverse neurological insults from a "glio-centric" view. GVU is a multicellular structure composed of glial cells, perivascular cells, and perivascular space. Each component is closely linked, collectively forming the GVU. The central roles of glial and perivascular cells and their multi-level interconnections in the GVU under normal conditions and in central nervous system (CNS) disorders have not been elucidated in detail. Here, we comprehensively review the intensive interactions between glial cells and perivascular cells in the niche of perivascular space, which take part in the modulation of cerebral blood flow and angiogenesis, formation of the blood-brain barrier, and clearance of neurotoxic wastes. Next, we discuss dysfunctions of the GVU in various neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression disorder. In addition, we highlight the possible therapies targeting the GVU, which may have potential clinical applications.

A qualitative study of the difficulties faced by adolescents with depression in the treatment and rehabilitation / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Based on a qualitative research method, the present study aims to explore the negative experiences and real dilemmas of adolescent with depression in the treatment and rehabilitation process, so as to provide references to promote the improvement of the treatment system for adolescent depression in China.@*Methods@#From August 2022 to November 2022, 30 adolescents with depression were selected for in-depth interviews in the inpatient department of child and adolescent psychiatry at Beijing An Ding Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University by using the purposive sampling method, and the interview data were analyzed by using the Colaizzi method to summarize the themes.@*Results@#The real dilemmas faced by depressed adolescent during treatment and recovery included three aspects:inappropriate family coping (caregivers lacking of correct disease cognition; caregivers lacking of effective coping methods), difficulties in disease diagnosis and treatment (low rate of identification and adverse effect of treatment; medical service failing to satisfy the demands), and barriers to continued schooling (barriers to academic progress and interpersonal communication).@*Conclusion@#Adolescents with depression face real dilemmas in the process of disease treatment and rehabilitation at home, school and medical care. Caregivers disease literacy and caregiving skills should be improved. A collaborative disease management system among family, school, community and medical institutions should be established to promote adolescent depression treatment and social function recovery.

The related factors and treatment effect observation of Parkinson disease accompanied by depression / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the related factors and treatment effect observation of Parkinson disease(PD) accompanied by depression.Methods:Two hundred patients with PD admitted to Baoding Zhuozhou Baoshihua Hospital from March 2016 to March 2020 were selected. According the scores of Hamilton depression inventory 24-item version (HAMD-24), they were divided into the case group (PD accompanied by depression, HAMD-24≥8 scores, 98 cases) and the control group (PD without depression, HAMD-24<8 scores,102 cases). Single factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of PD accompanied by depression. The patients in the case group were divided into psychological treatment group and non-psychological treatment group by random number table method, each group with 49 cases. The differences in depression degree, quality of life and sleep quality before and after treatment between the two groups were compared.Results:The incidence rate of PD accompanied by depression was 49.0% (98/200). The multivariate regression analysis showed that the Hoehn-Yahr classification (H-Y classification), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and abnormal marital status were the influence factors of PD accompanied by depression ( P<0.05); the education years was the protective factor of PD accompanied by depression ( P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of HAMD-24 and PSQI in the psychological treatment group and the non-psychological treatment group were decreased, and the scores of HAMD-24 and PSQI in the psychological treatment group were lower than those in the non-psychological treatment group: (11.78 ± 2.94) scores vs. (15.55 ± 3.91) scores, (5.18 ± 1.05) scores vs. (5.74 ± 1.12) scores, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the improved degree of scores of five item of HAMD-24 in the psychological treatment group were higher than those in the non-psychological treatment group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:PD accompanied by depression is affected by multiple factors. Strengthening psychological treatment can reduce the degree of depression in patients with PD accompanied by depression and improve the quality of sleep and life.

Treatment of major depression disorder and bilateral angle-closure glaucoma comorbidity： a case report / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this study is to describe the principles in selection and application of antidepressants in patients with depression complicating glaucoma or at high risk of glaucoma. With the aim of providing a partial reference for relevant issues， this paper elaborated a case of major depression after glaucoma surgery receiving 6 weeks of treatment with escitalopram oxalate and sulpiride achieved significant improvement in depressive and psychotic symptoms without triggering or exacerbating glaucoma.

Psychological profile of pet owners in Isfahan, Iran / Perfil psicológico de tutores de animais em Isfahan, Irã

This study aimed to compare the psychological profile of pet owners with the ones who didn't own any pets. The research method was a casual-comparative study. Pet owners and people without pets were included in this research which was done in Iran in February 2017. One hundred and sixty people were selected in this sample in a nonrandom available sampling method and matched in terms of demographic characteristics. Eighty people, pet owners, were referred to the veterinary clinics and 80 didn't own any pets. They were assessed by a psychological signs inventory. The result of ANOVA indicated that pet owners and those without any pets were indifferent in the characteristics of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hostility, paranoid, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychosis, while those without any pets, statistically had a higher average in somatization and depression than the pet owners and it could be justified by corrective emotional experience, displacement, and sublimation in the pet owner. This statistic can be based on the fact that pet owners use these animals as an object for thrilling topics which is a factor to decrease their psychological stress and increase their physical health.(AU)

O presente trabalho é um estudo comparativo casual que comparou o perfil psicológico de tutores e não tutores de animais de estimação. Os tutores e os não tutores foram incluídos na pesquisa realizada no mês de fevereiro de 2017 em Isfahan, Irã. Os 160 participantes da investigação foram selecionados de forma não casual e associados com base nas suas características demográficas. Os 80 tutores de animais haviam procurado clínicas veterinárias e o grupo controle nunca teve qualquer animal de estimação. Os dois grupos foram submetidos a um questionário psicológico. O tratamento estatístico dos resultados por análise de variância revelou a ausência de diferença entre os dois grupos para as características: ansiedade, desordens obsessivas-compulsivas, hostilidade, paranoia, sensibilidade interpessoal e psicoses. Contudo, foi constatado que os não tutores de animais de estimação apresentaram uma média estatisticamente mais elevada de somatização e depressão, o que pode ser justificado por uma experiência emocional corretiva, deslocamento e sublimação evidenciada nos tutores que pode ser atribuída ao fato dos animais constituírem um fator de valor emocional que contribui para a redução do estresse psicológico e melhoria da saúde física e emocional dos seus tutores.(AU)

Review of brain mechanism of abnormal semantic processing in major depression disorder / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a serious mental illness with high disability rate and high recurrence rate, accompanied by cognitive impairment including language processing. This article reviews neurophysiological evidences of abnormal semantic processing in MDD patients in recent years. Electrophysiological data indicates that abnormal semantic processing in the patients begins in the early stages of perceptual processing and persists in subsequent cognitive processing stages with hemispheric lateralization. Brain imaging studies show that the patients have abnormal activation levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. The current research paradigms cannot separate semantic processing from other cognitive processes, and more research is needed.

Depressão em gestantes atendidas na atenção primária à saúde / La depresión en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en servicios de atención primaria de la salud / Depression in pregnant women cared for in primary health care

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a presença de depressão em gestantes acompanhadas pelo programa de pré-natal na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, realizado em duas etapas: aplicação do Inventário de Depressão de Beck e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatística descritiva simples e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a aplicação do Inventário de Depressão de Beck mostrou que, das 67 gestantes entrevistadas, 22 (33%) apresentaram quadros depressivos, 14 (64%) com depressão leve a moderada, e duas (9%) apresentaram depressão grave. Das entrevistas emergiram dois temas: Vivência do período gestacional e Consulta de enfermagem e abordagem de saúde mental no pré-natal. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou que a depressão na gestação é frequente. A consulta de enfermagem no pré-natal pode ser uma oportunidade para a detecção, diagnóstico precoce e melhoria na assistência à gestante.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: identificar la presencia de depresión en mujeres embarazadas atendidas por el programa de seguimiento prenatal de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y de enfoque cuanti-cualitativo, realizado en dos etapas: aplicación del Inventario de Depresión de Beck y entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos se analizaron a partir de estadística descriptiva simple y análisis de contenido. Resultados: al aplicarse el Inventario de Depresión de Beck se demostró que, de las 67 mujeres embarazadas entrevistadas, 22 (33%) presentaban cuadros depresivos, 14 (64%) con depresión leve a moderada, y dos (9%) con depresión grave. Surgieron dos temas en las entrevistas: Tránsito del período gestacional, y Consulta de enfermería y abordaje de salud mental en el seguimiento prenatal. Conclusión: en el estudio se demostró que la depresión es frecuente en mujeres embarazadas. La consulta de enfermería durante el seguimiento prenatal puede ser una oportunidad para la detección, el diagnóstico temprano y la mejoría de los cuadros depresivos durante la atención a la mujer embarazada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the presence of depression in pregnant women accompanied by the prenatal care program in Primary Health Care. Method: A descriptive and exploratory study with a quantity-qualitative approach that was performed in two stages: application of the Beck Depression Inventory and semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: The Beck Depression Inventory showed that, of the 67 interviewed pregnant women, 22 (33%) had depressive symptoms, 14 (64%) had mild to moderate depression, and two (9%) had severe depression. Two topics emerged from the interview: Gestational period experience, and Nursing consultation and prenatal mental health approach. Conclusion: The study showed that depression during pregnancy is frequent. Prenatal nursing consultation can be an opportunity for depression detection and early diagnosis and for improved care of the pregnant woman.

Action of ketamine and endocannabinoid system in rapid anti-depression therapy / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a common but serious affective disorder in modern society. Suicide idea and suicide behaviour induced by MDD during its later stage put a heavy burden on society and family. Anti-depression drugs lack efficiency in treating a portion of MDD patients. This is referred to as treatment resistant depression (TRD). A study reported the rapid onset and long lasting anti-depression effect of ketamine, which also come into effect in TRD patients. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol is the active substance of marijuana, which also exerts rapid anti-depression effect via targeting at brain cannabinoid receptors. The two central nerve system stimulants belonging to the tightly controlled psychoactive substances have obvious adverse effects. This article summarizes the action of ketamine and endocannabinoid system in rapid anti-depression therapy in recent researches.

Immune inflammation and major depression disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

In recent years,the research direction of the pathogenesis of depression has gradually ex-panded from classical neurotransmitter disorders and neuroendocrine disorders theory to the related fields of immuno-inflammatory response and researchers believe that depression is a psycho-neuro-immune disorder disease. Because many patients with chronic inflammation,cancer and autoimmune diseases are easy to suffer depression,it confirms that the occurrence of depression may be related to the adverse effects of immune in-flammation in the brain. A large number of clinical and experimental studies have shown that the role of im-mune inflammation in depression is mainly due to the release of inflammatory factors from immune cells through the blood-brain barrier,activation or intensification of brain immune cell response,or changes in the structure and function of neuroendocrine axis,neurotransmitters,emotional regulation-related brain regions, leading to the occurrence and development of depression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pos-sible mechanisms and links of immune inflammation in depression in recent years,and to provide ideas and methods for the research and treatment of depression.

Cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent major depression disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the psychological process of cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent major depression disorder (MDD). Methods Patients with first-episode (n=30) and recurrent MDD (n=68) in the outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Sep-tember 2016 to December 2017 were collected and healthy controls(n=30) were collected at the same time. According to HAMD-24 score,the group with recurrent attacks was further divided into recurrent attacks-on-set period (n=35) and recurrent attacks-remission period (n=33). All subjects were tested for cognitive function by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery( MCCB). Results (1) In terms of cognitive function assessment,the scores of information processing speed ( 41. 27 ± 8. 44, 37. 00 ± 11. 68), working memory (40. 53±10. 33,41. 26±9. 37),attention/alertness ( 40. 50± 7. 25,39. 58± 8. 23),word learning ( 38. 83± 8. 39,38. 84±9. 57),visual memory(39. 30±14. 03,37. 57±10. 42),reasoning and problem solving(37. 80± 9. 55,38. 78±8. 66),and social cognition (34. 63± 9. 66) in the first-episode group and the recurrent group were lower than those in the control group ( information processing speed ( 48. 23±7. 63),working memory (50. 57±7. 84),attention/alertness (51. 63±7. 41),word learning (45. 57±9. 55),visual memory (50. 57± 8. 42),reasoning and problem solving (50. 03±9. 87) and social cognition (47. 90±19. 01)) (F=12. 818, 12. 173,26. 166,6. 004,15. 085,18. 331,10. 218,P<0. 05); (2) In working memory and social cognition, the difference was statistically significant in the first-episode group,repeated attacks-episodes(working mem-ory:37. 89±9. 15,social cognition:28. 48± 8. 35) and recurrent group-remission( working memory:44. 85± 8. 32,social cognition:40. 44 ± 11. 36, P=0. 010,0. 001). Further comparisons revealed that the score of working memory in repeated attacks-episodes was lower than that in recurrent group-remission (P=0. 003). the score of social cognition in the first-episode group was higher than that in the recurrent-attack period group (P=0. 038). The score of social cognition in the recurrent group-remission was higher than that in re-current-attack period group (P<0. 01). Conclusion There is cognitive impairment in the first episode and the recurrence MDD. The impairment in the recurrent episode is more serious than that in the first episode of depression. The impairment of social cognitive in the recurrent attacks-episodes is more serious than that in the first-episode of depression.

Radix Morinda officinalis and Cortex cinnamomi treat depression by upregulating 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in hippocampus in rats

Background: Chinese herbal medicine have been reported to have less side effects in treatment of depression disorder than Western antidepressants, while the mechanism remains unclear. Our previous studies have shown that combined use of Radix Morinda officinalis and Cortex cinnamomi have antidepressant effects Objective: To explore the mechanism of combined use of Radix Morinda officinalis and Cortex cinnamomi in treating depression disorder. Methods: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group, control group, model group and blank group with 15 rats in each group. After establiment of depression models, the experimental group and control group were given the Chinese decoction (2 mL/day) and fluoxetine hydrochloride (2 mL/day) respectively for 3 weeks, meanwhile the model group and blank group were fed with normal saline (2 mL/day). Body weight measurement and sucrose preference test were performed regularly. Finally, the rats were sacrificed after treatment, and the hippocampus were taken to detect 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and dopamine contents. Results: The experimental group showed increased body weight and sucrose consumption than the other groups. Higher 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine and dopamine contents were also observed in the experimental group than other groups. Conclusions: The antidepressant effects of Radix Morinda officinalis and Cortex cinnamomi decoction may show antiexpression effects by up-regulating content of 5-HT, NE, and DA in rats' hippocampus.

Action of ketamine and endocannabinoid system in rapid anti-depression therapy / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a common but serious affective disorder in modern society. Suicide idea and suicide behaviour induced by MDD during its later stage put a heavy burden on society and family. Anti-depression drugs lack efficiency in treating a portion of MDD patients. This is referred to as treatment resistant depression (TRD). A study reported the rapid onset and long lasting anti-depression effect of ketamine, which also come into effect in TRD patients. △9-Tetrahydrocannabinol is the active substance of marijuana, which also exerts rapid anti-depression effect via targeting at brain cannabinoid receptors. The two central nerve system stimulants belonging to the tightly controlled psychoactive substances have obvious adverse effects. This article summarizes the action of ketamine and endocannabinoid system in rapid anti-depression therapy in recent researches.

Examining the impacts of 12 weeks of low to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on depression status in patients with systolic congestive heart failure - A randomized controlled study

OBJECTIVES: Psychiatric depression disorder is common in patients with systolic congestive heart failure (HF), and both conditions share underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The incidence rate of depression disorder has clearly increased with the increase in HF manifestations in recent decades. Depression disorder is considered an independent predisposing factor for hospitalization, disturbed functional performance, and high rates of morbidity and mortality in HF patients. This randomized controlled study was designed to examine the impacts of low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on depression status in patients with systolic congestive HF. METHODS: A total of 46 systolic congestive HF patients with depression (40-60 years of age) were randomized to receive twelve weeks of mild- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus standard medical treatment (exercise group) or standard medical treatment without any exercise intervention (control group). Depression status was examined using the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) pre- and post-intervention at the end of the study program. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the exercise and control groups in demographic data or clinical characteristics (p>0.05). Both study groups showed a significant reduction in depression status at the end of the 12-week intervention (p<0.05). The comparison between the mean values of the depression scores showed significant differences between the two groups after 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention, indicating a greater reduction in depression scores in the exercise group than in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of a low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program was safe and effective for reducing depression severity in patients with systolic congestive HF. Low- to moderate-intensity aerobic training should be recommended for cardiac patients, particularly those with HF-related depression.

Impact of resilience on the improvement of depressive symptoms after cognitive therapies for depression in a sample of young adults / Impacto da resiliência na melhora dos sintomas depressivos após terapias cognitivas para depressão em uma amostra de adultos jovens

Abstract Introduction Few studies have evaluated positive measures for therapeutic response. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of resilience on severity of depressive and anxious symptoms after brief cognitive psychotherapy for depression. Methods This was a clinical follow-up study nested in a randomized clinical trial of cognitive therapies. The Resilience Scale was applied at baseline. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were used at baseline, post-intervention, and at six-month follow-up. Results Sixty-one patients were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and at six-month follow-up. Resilience scores were significantly different between baseline and post-intervention assessments (p<0.001), as well as at baseline and at six-month follow-up (p<0.001). We observed a weak negative correlation between baseline resilience scores and HDRS scores at post-intervention (r=-0.295, p=0.015) and at six-month follow-up (r=-0.354, p=0.005). Furthermore, we observed a weak negative correlation between resilience scores and HARS scores at post-intervention (r=-0.292, p=0.016). Conclusion Subjects with higher resilience scores at baseline showed a lower severity of symptoms at post-intervention and at six-month follow-up.

Resumo Introdução Poucos estudos têm avaliado medidas positivas de resposta terapêutica. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos da resiliência na severidade dos sintomas depressivos e ansiosos após psicoterapia cognitiva breve para depressão. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção clínica aninhado a um ensaio clínico com dois diferentes modelos de terapia cognitiva. A Resilience Scale foi aplicada no baseline, enquanto que a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale e a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale foram utilizadas no baseline, após a intervenção e no acompanhamento de seis meses. Resultados Sessenta e um pacientes foram avaliados no baseline, no pós-intervenção e no acompanhamento de seis meses. Os escores de resiliência foram significativamente diferentes entre as avaliações de baseline e pós-intervenção (p<0,001), bem como no baseline vs. acompanhamento de seis meses (p<0,001). Observamos uma correlação negativa fraca entre os escores de resiliência no baseline e os escores de sintomas depressivos no pós-intervenção (r=-0,295; p=0,015) e em seis meses de acompanhamento (r=-0,354; p=0,005). Além disso, observamos uma correlação negativa fraca entre os escores de resiliência e sintomas ansiosos no pós-intervenção (r=-0,292; p=0,016). Conclusão Indivíduos com maiores escores de resiliência na avaliação pré-tratamento apresentaram uma menor severidade de sintomas no pós-intervenção e no acompanhamento de seis meses.

Interaction between polymorphisms in SLC6A4 and BDNF on major depressive disorder in a sample of the argentinean population / Interacción entre polimorfismos en SLC6A4 y BDNF en el trastorno depresivo mayor en una muestra de la población argentina

The dysfunction in the serotoninergic neurotransmission has been classically associated with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, other pathways and processes seem to have a role in this illness, such as neurogenesis and related molecules: the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and the Apolipoprotein E (APOE). There are many reports that indicate an association between certain polymorphism in these genes and MDD. The aim of our study was to analyze the possible association between MDD and polymorphisms in HTR2A (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A), BDNF and APOE genes in a sample of the Argentinean population previously studied for 2 polymorphisms in SLC6A4 (Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4) gene. Five polymorphisms were studied (rs6311 and rs6313 in HTR2A; rs429358 and rs7412 in APOE, and rs6265 in BDNF) in 95 MDD patients and 107 non-related controls. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups when analyzing the association with a single marker using logistic regression; however, when a possible combinatory effect of the polymorphisms (including previously studied polymorphisms in SLC6A4 gene) was analyzed using a dominant model for the risk alleles, the genotypes L/S_10/12_G/A (OR=3.57(95%CI=1.43-8.93); p=0.004, adjusted p-value=0.01) in SLC6A4 and BDNF genes and L/S_10/12_T/C_3/3_G/A in SLC6A4, HTR2A, APOE and BDNF genes (OR=5.99(95%CI=1.66-21.56); p=0.002, adjusted p-value=0.07), were more prevalent in patients than in controls (20%vs.6% and 15%vs.3%, respectively). Even though it is necessary to replicate these findings in a larger population, our results suggest a possible interaction between molecules involved in neurogenesis (BDNF and APOE), serotoninergic neurotransmission (SLC6A4 and HTR2A) and the pathogenesis of MDD. (AU)

La disfunción en la neurotransmisión serotoninérgica ha sido clásicamente asociada con el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM); sin embargo, otras vías y procesos parecerían tener un rol en esta enfermedad, como la neurogénesis y moléculas asociadas: el factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) y la apoliproteína E (APOE). Existen reportes en los que se establecen asociaciones entre polimorfismos en estos genes y el TDM. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue analizar la posible asociación entre el TDM y polimorfismos en los genes HTR2A (receptor 5-hidroxitriptamina 2A), BDNF y APOE en una muestra de la población argentina previamente estudiada para 2 polimorfismos en el gen SLC6A4 (transportador soluble familia 6 miembro 4). Se estudiaron 5 polimorfismos (rs6311 y rs6313 en HTR2A; rs429358 y rs7412 en APOE; rs6265 en BDNF) en 95 pacientes con TDM y 107 controles no relacionados. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos al analizar la asociación por regresión logística con un único marcador; cuando se analizó el posible efecto combinatorio de polimorfismos (incluyendo los previamente estudiados para el gen SCL6A4) usando un modelo dominante para los alelos de riesgo, los genotipos L/S_10/12_G/A (OR=3,57(95%CI=1,43-8,93); p=0,004, valor-p-ajustado=0,01) en SLC6A4 y BDNF y L/S_10/12_T/C_3/3_G/A en SLC6A4, HTR2A, APOE y BDNF (OR=5,99(95%CI=1,66-21,56); p=0,002, valor-p-ajustado=0,07), fueron más prevalentes en pacientes que controles (20%vs.6% y 15%vs.3% respectivamente). Si bien es necesario replicar estos hallazgos en una población más grande, nuestros resultados sugieren una posible interacción entre moléculas involucradas en la neurogénesis (BDNF y APOE), la neurotransmisión serotoninérgica (SLC6A4 y HTR2A) y la patogenia de la depresión mayor. (AU)

Research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of depression disorder / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Depression disorder is a kind of serious mental illness which poses high health risks and heavy financial burden to individuals and the society. Currently, there are many theories on the pathogenesis of depression disorder, such as neurotransmitter disorders, endocrine disorders, abnormal neuronal adaptability and plasticity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and so on. In the lately decade, the research of immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of depression has become a newly hot-point. This review summarizes NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of depression disorder.

Research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of depression disorder / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Depression disorder is a kind of serious mental illness which poses high health risks and heavy financial burden to individuals and the society.Currently,there are many theories on the pathogenesis of depression disorder,such as neurotransmitter disorders,endocrine disorders,abnormal neuronal adaptability and plasticity,oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and so on.In the lately decade,the research of immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of depression has become a newly hot-point.This review summarizes NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of depression disorder.

Bioinformatic analysis of peripheral blood circRNA in depression disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo predict the target genes of miRNA associated with hsa_circRNA_102802 and hsa_circRNA_104597 using bioinformatics methods,and analyse the biological process and signaling pathway.MethodsTargetscan,miranda and mirbase three online database were used to predict target genes of miRNAs which are complementary to circRNAs.Target genes of miRNAs prediction results were taken their intersection of three online database,then take their collection as total target genes of miRNAs.The results were analyzed by gene ontology(GO) and KEGG pathway analysis using FunNet.Results199 target genes of has_miR_204_5p,has_miR_809,has_miR_520_5p,has_miR_423_5p,has_miR_617 and has_miR_877_5p were gotten from the intersection of 3 databases;and 410 targets of has_miR_659_3p,has_miR_9_5p,has_miR_661,has_miR_576_3p,has_miR_548d_5p,has_miR_548a_5p,has_miR_548b_5p,has_miR_876_5p and has_miR_744_5p were gotten from the intersection of 3 databases.GO analysis showed that Target genes involved in diverse biological processes including central nervous system,such as cortex development,axon guidance and extension,synaptic transmission,as well as the process of learning and memory (P<0.05).Enriched pathways were also revealed target genes involved in the signal path including the axon guidance,glutamic acid synapses,Wnt signaling pathway,ErbB signaling pathway,mTOR signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway,which connect closeiy with depression.hsa_circRNA_102802 and hsa_circRNA_104597 may play an important role in depression.Conclusionshsa_circRNA_102802 and hsa_circRNA_104597 may be associated with the pathologenesis of depression disorder.

Influences of escitalopram on cognitive function and cardiac function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure complicated with depression disorder / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the short-term influences of conventional internal medical treatment combined with escitalopram on cognitive function and cardiac function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated with depression disorder.Methods A total of 97 patients with CHF complicated with depression disorder in Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital,from October 2014 to October 2015,were selected and randomly divided into the antidepressant group and control group.Both groups were undergoing conventional internal medical treatment.Additionally,patients in the antidepressant group were administrated with escitalopram,while patients in the control group were treated with placebo.The degree of depression and anxiety and cognitive function were assessed by using 24-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-24),14-item Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA-14) and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) scale,and the plasma level of NT-proBNP,left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured before and after 6-week treatment.Results After 6-week treatment,the HAMD-24 and HAMA-14 scores and plasma level of NT-proBNP in antidepressant group were lower than those in the control group,while the attention score and LVEF were greater than those in the control group,there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After 6-week treatment,no statistically significant difference was found in other observed indicators between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclnsion For elderly patients with chronic heart failure complicated with depression disorder,it is indicated that escitalopram could not only relieve their anxiety and depression,but also improve their cardiac function and attention.

BOLD-fMRI study on the basic activity of the brain in major disorder depression and their first-degree relatives / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the characteristics and differences of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional ALFF (fALFF) of the major disorder depression (MDD) and their first-degree relatives in the resting state by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),to understand the early brain function in patients with MDD.Methods 3.0T fMRI in the resting state was performed in 10 patients with MDD (the depression group),10 first-degree relatives of MDD (the first-degree relatives group) and 10 healthy volunteers (the control group).A statistics analysis of ALFF and fALFF were performed subsequently.Results The ALFF and fALFF values measured in left cerebellum, left precuneus and left medial prefrontal cortex of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the first-degree relatives group (P<0.05).The ALFF values measured in right posterior cingulate cortex and right superior parietal lobule of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the first-degree relatives group (P<0.05).The ALFF and fALFF values measured in left cerebellum, left precuneus and left superior parietal lobule of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The ALFF values measured in right cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).There was no significance difference found in ALFF values between the first-degree relatives group and the control group,the fALFF values measured in left superior parietallobule of the first-degree relatives group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion As the widespread ALFF, fALFF abnormalities of brain in MDD and first-degree relatives of MDD,a hypothesis can be get that these abnormal brain region may be associated with cognitive network disorders and emotional distress in MDD.