Continuity of care for children with chronic conditions: mixed methods research / Continuidad de la atención a niños con enfermedades crónicas: investigación con métodos mixtos / Continuidade do cuidado de crianças com condições crônicas: pesquisa de métodos mistos

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the continuity of care for children with chronic conditions from the transition from hospital to home. Method: Parallel-convergent mixed-methods research, with a cross-sectional study and Grounded Theory. A characterization instrument and the Care Transitons Measure were applied to 201 legal guardians of children with chronic conditions, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 participants (among professionals and guardians). Data were combined by integration. Results: The efforts of the hospital team to promote continuity of care after discharge from the transition from hospital to home impact on the quality-of-care transition perceived by caregivers, with a mean of 89.5 (standard deviation = 12.5) points. However, the absence of formal mechanisms to guide the transition of care makes it difficult to achieve continuity of care in the health network. Conclusion: Continuity of care for children is hindered by barriers, against which hospital care professionals seek individual strategies to overcome them. It is essential to establish institutional actions and public policies aiming at the transition of care to promote continuity of care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la continuidad de los cuidados de los niños con enfermedades crónicas desde la transición del hospital al domicilio. Método: Investigación de métodos mixtos paralelo-convergentes, con un estudio transversal y la teoría fundamentada en datos. Se aplicó un instrumento de caracterización y la Care Transitons Measure a 201 tutores legales de niños con enfermedades crónicas, y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 35 participantes (entre profesionales y tutores). Los datos se combinaron por integración. Resultados: Los esfuerzos del equipo del hospital en la promoción de la continuidad de los cuidados tras el alta de la transición del hospital al domicilio repercuten en la calidad de la transición asistencial percibida por los tutores, con una media de 89,5 (desviación estándar = 12,5) puntos. Sin embargo, la ausencia de mecanismos formales para guiar la transición de la atención dificulta la consecución de la continuidad asistencial en la red sanitaria. Conclusión: La continuidad del cuidado de los niños se ve dificultada por las barreras, frente a las cuales los profesionales de la atención hospitalaria buscan estrategias individuales para superarlas. Es fundamental el establecimiento de acciones institucionales y políticas públicas para la transición del cuidado a la promoción de la continuidad del cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a continuidade do cuidado de crianças com condições crônicas a partir da transição do hospital para o domicílio. Método: Pesquisa de métodos mistos paralelo-convergente, com um estudo transversal e uma Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Foram aplicados um instrumento de caracterização e o Care Transitons Measure a 201 responsáveis legais por crianças com condições crônicas, e realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 35 participantes (dentre profissionais e responsáveis). Os dados foram combinados por integração. Resultados: Os esforços da equipe hospitalar em promover a continuidade do cuidado após a alta a partir da transição do hospital para o domicílio impactam sobre a qualidade da transição do cuidado percebida pelos responsáveis, com média de 89,5 (desvio padrão = 12,5) pontos. Contudo, a ausência de mecanismos formais que orientem a transição do cuidado dificulta o alcance da continuidade do cuidado na rede de saúde. Conclusão A continuidade do cuidado de crianças é dificultada por barreiras, frente às quais os profissionais da atenção hospitalar buscam estratégias individuais para superá-las. É fundamental o estabelecimento de ações institucionais e políticas públicas visando à transição do cuidado para promoção da continuidade do cuidado.

Secondary prevention in coronary artery disease: development and content validity of educational messages for mobile phones / Prevenção secundária na doença arterial coronariana: desenvolvimento e validade de conteúdo de mensagens educativas para celulares / Prevención secundaria en la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: desarrollo y validez de contenido de mensajes educativos para teléfonos móviles

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify information needs of patients with coronary artery disease and develop and validate the content of educational messages for mobile phones for these patients. Method: The study was carried out in three phases: 1) Identification of information needs in relation to coronary artery disease of patients hospitalized for an acute coronary event; 2) Development of templates containing text and pictures about the disease and treatment; 3) Content validity analysis of template evidence through the assessment of 10 experts. Templates were considered validated when the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was equal to or greater than 0.80. Results: A total of 67 patients were included, and all the information that emerged about the disease was classified as important to very important. Thirty templates were developed (heart function, recommendations on nutrition and exercise, treatments and medications, and clinical signs related to the disease and risk factor control), and the CVR obtained was greater than 0.80. Conclusion: All information needs were categorized by patients as important or very important. The templates were developed and validated considering content and design.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as informações sobre necessidades de pacientes com doença arterial coronariana e desenvolver e validar o conteúdo de mensagens educativas para celulares para esses pacientes. Método: O estudo foi realizado em três fases: 1) Identificação das informações sobre necessidades em relação à doença arterial coronariana de pacientes internados por evento coronariano agudo; 2) Desenvolvimento de templates contendo textos e imagens sobre a doença e tratamento; 3) Análise da validade de conteúdo das evidências do template por meio da avaliação de 10 especialistas. Os templates foram considerados validados quando a Razão de Validade de Conteúdo (RVC) foi igual ou superior a 0,80. Resultados: Foram incluídos 67 pacientes, e todas as informações que surgiram sobre a doença foram classificadas como importantes a muito importantes. Foram desenvolvidos 30 templates (função cardíaca, recomendações de nutrição e exercícios, tratamentos e medicamentos, sinais clínicos relacionados à doença e controle de fatores de risco), e a RVC obtida foi superior a 0,80. Conclusão Todas as necessidades de informação foram categorizadas pelos pacientes como importantes ou muito importantes. Os templates foram desenvolvidos e validados considerando conteúdo e design.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de información de los pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y desarrollar y validar el contenido de mensajes educativos para teléfonos celulares para estos pacientes. Método: El estudio se realizó en tres fases: 1) Identificación de necesidades de información sobre enfermedad de las arterias coronarias en pacientes hospitalizados por evento coronario agudo; 2) Desarrollo de templates que contienen textos e imágenes sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento; 3) Análisis de la validez de contenido de la evidencia del template a través de la evaluación de 10 expertos. Los templates se consideraron validadas cuando el Razón de Validez de Contenido (RVC) fue igual o superior a 0,80. Resultados: Se incluyeron 67 pacientes y toda la información que surgió sobre la enfermedad se clasificó como importante a muy importante. Se desarrollaron 30 templates (función cardiaca, recomendaciones de nutrición y ejercicio, tratamientos y medicamentos, signos clínicos relacionados con la enfermedad y control de factores de riesgo), y la RVC obtenida fue superior a 0,80. Conclusión: Todas las necesidades de información fueron categorizadas por los pacientes como importantes o muy importantes. Los templates fueron desarrollados y validados considerando contenido y diseño.

Research progress on treatment of IgA nephropathy with Traditional Chinese Medicine therapeutic systems / 国际中医中药杂志

The clinical treatment of IgA nephropathy in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can be treated from theories of Sanjiao, pharynx and kidney, collateral disease and Shaoyang. The Sanjiao theory declaims to clear away damp heat through the whole process of treatment, the upper Jiao lightening the Qi, the middle Jiao clearing away damp heat, and the lower Jiao collecting astringency, strengthening the kidney and cooling blood. The theory of pharynx and kidney focuses on clearing away heat, detoxifying and making benefit of the pharynx, supplemented by tonifying the kidney and strengthening the spleen. In the treatment of collateral diseases, it is considered that the disease is caused by the external invasion of disease pathogens or the damage of the vein caused by the influence of evil Qi. The treatment should be combined with strengthening the right and eliminating evil, and paying attention to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. The disease is caused by pooring Qi mechanism of Sanjiao and evil invading Shaoyang. The above TCM systems showed different treatment, but they all improve symptoms, reduce urinary protein quantification, improve quality of life with less adverse events.

Enfermedad de injerto contra huésped cutánea frente a necrólisis epidérmica tóxica en un receptor de trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas / Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease versus toxic epidermal necrolysis in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient

El diagnóstico diferencial entre la enfermedad de injerto contra huésped aguda grave (estadio IV) y la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica pude resultar difícil en el contexto de un paciente trasplantado, ya que ambas tienen presentaciones clínicas similares. Sin embargo, la distinción entre ellas es fundamental porque ocasionan una gran morbimortalidad, y su manejo y pronóstico difieren. Algunas pequeñas diferencias clínicas e histopatológicas son de gran ayuda para el diagnóstico diferencial y el dermatólogo deberá reconocerlas para tomar una conducta correcta y oportuna. Se comunica el caso de un paciente que presentó ampollas y epidermólisis después del trasplante de células hematopoyéticas y en el que se planteó la dificultad diagnóstica para diferenciar entre ambas afecciones.

The differental diagnosis between severe graft-versus-host disease (stage IV) and toxic epidermal necrolysis can be difficult in the context of a transplant patient, since both conditions have similar clinical presentations. However, the distinction between these two entities is critical because they produce great morbidity and mortality and their management and prognosis differ. Some small clinical and histopathological differences are of great help for the differential diagnosis, and the dermatologist must recognize them in order to take a correct and timely conduct. We present the case of a patient who developed blisters and epidermolysis after hematopoietic cell transplantation, and in whom the diagnostic difficulty to differentiate between the two entities was raised.

Effect of serum uric acid on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in different genders / 中华全科医师杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) now has become a disease threatening people′s health, but there is no effective treatment for it at present,so early prevention and control of risk factors of NAFLD is particularly important. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia are associated with the risk of NAFLD;in recent years serum uric acid has also been recognized as a risk factor for NAFLD;however,there is a gender discrepancy in its impact on NAFLD. This article reviews the relevant research progress in recent years to elaborate the effect of serum uric acid on NAFLD in different genders.

Good health management practice for chronic diseases (T/CHAA 007-2019) / 中华预防医学杂志

This standard specifies the terms and definitions, processes, components, information systems and information summary, analysis and utilization of health management of major chronic and non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases). It is suitable for medical and health service institutions, health examination institutions and health management-related enterprises to carry out health management services for individuals with major chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and so on.

Clinical and genetic analysis of a child with chromosomal 13q32.1-q33.3 deletion / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To explore the genetic etiology of a child with moderate mental retardation and multiple malformations.@*Methods@#The child and his parents underwent conventional G banding karyotype analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism-based mircoarray (SNP-array) scan. A systematic review for chromosome 13q deletions was also conducted to explore the correlation between genotype and clinical phenotypes.@*Results@#G banding karyotype of the child showed a partial deletion in the long arm of chromosome 13 described as 46, XY, del(13)(q32) . SNP-array detected a deletion fragment of 11.367 Mb in 13q32.1-q33.3 region, which encompassed 30 OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) genes including FARP1, STK24 and ZIC2. The parents were found with no obvious abnormality in their karyotypes and SNP-array results, suggesting a de novo origin for the deletion. Combined with previous reported cases, chromosomal 13q deletions seem to have various pathogenic effects on the patients.@*Conclusion@#Chromosomal 13q32.1-q33.3 deletion probably underlies the disease phenotype in the child, and EFNB2 may be a candidate gene for congenital heart defect, genital malformation, hypospadias and anorectal malformations.

Analysis of the clinical characteristics of perianal fistulising crohn's disease in a single center / Análise das características clínicas da doença de crohn fistulizante perianal em um único centro

ABSTRACT Background: Clinical characteristics are keys to improve identification and treatment of Crohn´s disease (CD) so that large sample analysis is of great value. Aim: To explore the clinical characteristics of perianal fistulising CD. Methods: Analysis of 139 cases focused on their clinical data. Results: The proportion of males and females is 3.3:1; the mean age is 28.2 years; 47.5% of patients had anal fistula before CD diagnosis. Patients with prior perianal surgery and medication accounted for 64.7% and 74.1% respectively. The L3 type of lesion was present in 49.6% and the B1 and B2 types for 51.8% and 48.2% respectively; complex anal fistula was diagnosed in 90.6%. Symptoms of diarrhea were found in 46% and perianal lesions alone in 29.5% of patients. Abnormal BMI values was present in 44.6%; active CD activity index in 64.7%; and 94.2% had active perianal disease activity index. A proportion of patients manifest abnormal C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet, hemoglobin and albumin. Conclusion: We suggest that patients with anal fistula associated to these clinical features should alert the medical team to the possibility of CD, which should be further investigated through endoscopy and imaging examination of alimentary tract to avoid the damage of anal function by routine anal fistula surgery.

RESUMO Racional: As características clínicas são fundamentais para melhorar a identificação e o tratamento da doença de Crohn (DC), de modo que a análise da amostra seja de grande valor. Objetivo: Explorar as características clínicas da DC fistulizante perianal. Métodos: Análise de 139 casos focados em seus dados clínicos. Resultados: A proporção de homens e mulheres foi de 3,3: 1; a média de idade de 28,2 anos; 47,5% dos pacientes tiveram fístula anal antes do diagnóstico de DC. Pacientes com cirurgia perianal prévia e medicação representaram 64,7% e 74,1%, respectivamente. O tipo de lesão L3 estava presente em 49,6% e os tipos B1 e B2, em 51,8% e 48,2%, respectivamente; fístula anal complexa foi diagnosticada em 90,6%. Sintomas de diarréia foram encontrados em 46% e lesões perianais isoladas em 29,5% dos pacientes. Valores anormais de IMC estavam presentes em 44,6%; índice de atividade DC ativa em 64,7%; e 94,2% tinham índice de atividade de doença perianal ativo. Proporção significativa de pacientes tinha proteína-C reativa, taxa de sedimenta do eritrócito, plaquetas hemoglobina e albumina anormais. Conclusão: Sugere-se que pacientes com fístula anal associada às essas características clínicas alertem a equipe médica para a possibilidade de DC, que deve ser investigada por endoscopia e exame de imagem do trato digestivo para evitar dano na função anal pela operação que rotineiramente é realizada no tratamento da fístula anal.

Complications after transabdominal soave's procedure in children with hirschsprung's disease / Complicações após o procedimento de soave transabdominal em crianças com doença de hirschsprung

ABSTRACT Background: Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder that causes functional obstruction of large bowel. Aim: To evaluate complication and bowel function score of children with Hirschsprung's disease who underwent transabdominal Soave's procedure. Methods: In this study all the children with Hirschsprung's disease who underwent transabdominal Soave procedure were evaluated regarding bowel function and complication of trans-abdominal Soave's procedure. Results: Were enrolled 160 children. Enterocolitis and constipation were seen in 15% of the cases. Fecal incontinency was the least frequent study which was seen in 1% of the children. Conclusion: Constipation and enterocolitis was the most frequent complication following transabdominal Soave technique.

RESUMO Racional: A doença de Hirschsprung é um distúrbio congênito que causa obstrução funcional do intestino grosso. Objetivo: Avaliar as complicações e o escore de função intestinal de crianças com a doença submetidas ao procedimento transabdominal de Soave. Métodos: Neste estudo, todas as crianças com doença de Hirschsprung submetidas ao procedimento transabdominal de Soave foram avaliadas quanto à função intestinal e complicação do procedimento. Resultados: Foram incluídas 160 crianças. Enterocolite e constipação foram observadas em 15% dos casos. A incontinência fecal foi menos frequente e observada em 1% das crianças. Conclusão: Obstipação e enterocolite foram as complicações mais frequentes após a técnica de Soave transabdominal em crianças.

Conhecimento de profissionais que atuam em Unidades Básicas de Saúde no Brasil sobre a associação entre inatividade física e morbidades / Knowledge of professionals in Basic Health Units in Brazil on the association between physical inactivity and morbidities

Avaliar o conhecimento de profissionais de saúde sobre a existência ou não de associação entre inatividade física e oito morbidades (diabetes, hipertensão arterial, aids, osteoporose, câncer de pulmão, depressão, cirrose hepática e infarto agudo do miocárdio). Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma amostra representativa de 1.600 unidades básicas de saúde do Brasil; a população elegível incluía 1/3 de médicos, 1/3 de enfermeiros e 1/3 de agentes comunitários de saúde. A média de acertos observada foi de 6,3 questões. A proporção de profissionais que acertaram sete ou oito questões foi de 68% (IC95%: 60-75) entre os médicos, 54% (IC95%: 48-59) entre enfermeiros e 43% (IC95%: 40-55) entre agentes comunitários de saúde. O percentual de acertos dos médicos foi estatisticamente superior (p<0,001) ao dos enfermeiros e agentes comunitários de saúde, mas a proporção de acertos não diferiu entre enfermeiros e agentes comunitários (p=0,16). O percentual de acertos não variou significativamente conforme sexo, idade e nível de atividade física. Políticas públicas voltadas à educação são indispensáveis para instrumentalizar profissionais que trabalham em unidades básicas de saúde no Brasil sobre os efeitos da inatividade física sobre a saúde.

We aimed to evaluate the knowledge of health professional on the existence or not of an association between physical inactivity and eight diseases (diabetes, hypertension, aids, osteoporosis, lung cancer, depression, cirrhosis and myocardial infarction). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1,600 primary health care units in Brazil; the eligible population included 1/3 physicians, 1/3 nurses and 1/3 community health workers. On avergae, participants anweredcorreclyneraly six questions. The proportion of correct anwers was higher among physicians as compared to nurses and community health workers (p<0.001). On the other hand, nurses and community health workers were not different in terms of the prevalence of correct answers (p=0.16). The proportion of health professionals who answered correctly to seven or eight questions was 68% (95%CI: 60-75) among physicians, 54% (95%CI: 48-59) among nurses and 43% (95%CI: 40-55) among community health workers. The proportion of correct answers did not vary significantly according to sex, age or physical activity level of health professionals. Educational policies are essential for empowering health professionals who work in primary health care units on the effects of physical inactivity on health.

Síndrome de Wilson: relato de caso / Wilson´s Disease: a case repor

Objetivos: Este relato descreve um distúrbio genético raro, denominado de Síndrome de Wilson, herdado em caráter autossômico recessivo, com sintomas muito facilmente confundidos com outras doenças. A causa básica responsável pelas manifestações clínicas é o acúmulo de cobre em diversos compartimentos do organismo humano, especialmente em locais como fígado, cérebro, rins e córneas, devido a mutações no gene ATP7B que codifica a Cu+2 ATPase, uma proteína transportadora de cobre que está localizada no complexo de Golgi dos hepatócitos. As alterações hepáticas podem se apresentar como hepatite crônica, cirrose e, mais raramente, hepatite fulminante. As alterações neurológicas são variáveis, predominando os sintomas extrapiramidais, tremores, distonia, disartria, alterações de humor, sintomas psiquiátricos e, se não tratada, diminuição progressiva da capacidade intelectual. Uma das características mais extraordinárias dessa síndrome é a grande variabilidade de manifestações fenotípicas em pacientes que possuem a mesma mutação. No diagnóstico da doença de Wilson são analisados diversos parâmetros bioquímicos, sendo eles: ceruloplasmina sérica, cobre sérico, excreção urinária de cobre e concentração hepática de cobre. Além disso, realiza-se exame oftalmológico com a observação de anéis de Kayser ­ Fleischer. A fim de complementar e facilitar o diagnóstico podem ser realizados estudos genéticos, visto que muitas vezes os sintomas e alterações laboratoriais podem estar associados a outras doenças. O tratamento baseia-se no uso de drogas quelantes do cobre. A Dpenicilamina é a droga de escolha, apesar do risco de piora neurológica em até 50% dos pacientes e dos diversos efeitos colaterais associados ao seu uso. Trientina e tetratiomolibdato são drogas alternativas, sendo a última escolhida para indivíduos com sintomas neurológicos. O zinco tem indicação em assintomáticos ou em terapia de manutenção. O tratamento precoce evita graves complicações. Relato de caso: Paciente de 14 anos de idade, natural de Poço Fundo-MG, procurou atendimento médico por apresentar episódios frequentes de paralisia facial, principalmente na região mandibular, que levava à disfagia e disfonia, além de irritabilidade e anormalidades na marcha. Foi submetida ao exame de ressonância magnética que mostrou "alteração de sinal simétrica nos corpos estriados bilateralmente, com sinais de edema dos putâmens e núcleos caudados, e atrofia dos globos pálidos. Diante do histórico familiar para a síndrome de Wilson, foi realizado o diagnóstico diferencial, por meio da concentração de sérica de ceruloplasmina e cobre sérico e urinário, que mostraram alterações típicas da síndrome de Wilson e a biomicroscopia ocular que constatou a presença do anel de Kayser-Fleischer. Conclusões: Ainda há um longo caminho a ser seguido no que se diz respeito ao diagnóstico precoce da Síndrome de Wilson. Nesse caso, a paciente não apresentou hepatopatia pregressa. Isso mostra que a doença nem sempre se apresenta da forma esperada, e reflete a dificuldade de estabelecer um diagnóstico precoce que possa impedir o surgimento dos primeiros sintomas. Todos os portadores da síndrome de Wilson necessitam de atendimento multidisciplinar, (AU)

Objectives: This report describes a rare genetic disorder, called Wilson's Disease, inherited in an autosomal recessive form, with symptoms very easily confused with other diseases. The underlying cause of the clinical manifestations is the accumulation of copper in various compartments of the human body, especially in places such as liver, brain, kidneys and corneas, due to mutations in the ATP7B gene encoding Cu + 2 ATPase, a copper carrier protein which is located in the Golgi complex of hepatocytes. Liver changes may present as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and, more rarely, fulminant hepatitis. Neurological changes are variable, predominantly extrapyramidal symptoms, tremors, dystonia, dysarthria, mood changes, and psychiatric symptoms, if not treated, progressive decrease in intellectual capacity. One of the most extraordinary characteristics of this syndrome is the great variability of phenotypic manifestations in patients who have the same mutation. In the diagnosis of Wilson's disease, several biochemical parameters are analyzed: serum ceruloplasmin, serum copper, urinary excretion of copper and hepatic copper concentration. In addition, an ophthalmologic examination is performed with Kayser-Fleischer rings observation. In order to complement and facilitate the diagnosis, genetic studies can be performed, since the symptoms and laboratory abnormalities can often be associated with other diseases. Treatment is based on the use of copper chelating drugs. D-penicillamine is the drug of choice, despite the risk of neurological worsening in up to 50% of patients and the various side effects associated with its use. Trientin and tetrathiomolybdate are alternative drugs, the latter being chosen for individuals with neurological symptoms. Zinc is indicated for asymptomatic or maintenance therapy. Early treatment prevents serious complications. Case report: A 14-year-old patient from Poço Fundo-MG sought medical attention because of frequent episodes of facial paralysis, especially in the mandibular region, leading to dysphagia and dysphonia, as well as irritability and gait abnormalities. She underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which showed "symmetrical signal changes in the bilaterally striatum, with signs of edema of the caudate nuclei and caudate nuclei, and atrophy of the pale globes." In view of the family history of Wilson's syndrome, a differential diagnosis was performed, by serum concentration of ceruloplasmin and serum and urinary copper, which showed typical changes in Wilson's syndrome and ocular biomicroscopy, which verified the presence of the Kayser-Fleischer ring. The patient did not present previous liver disease, showing that the disease does not always present as expected, and reflects the difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis that may prevent the emergence of the first symptoms. All patients with Wilson's syndrome require multidisciplinary care since it is a disease that can significantly affect various organs and systems (AU)

Effects of acupoint application combined with modified Xiaoqinglong decoction on airway remodeling and inflammatory factors levels in patients with bronchial asthma / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To explore the effects of acupoint application combined with modified Xiaoqinglong decoction on airway remodeling and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and eosinophil chemotactic factor (eotaxin) levels in patients with bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 78 patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into two groups, 39 cases each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine therapy, and the study group was treated with acupoints plus Xiaoqinglong decoction on the basis of the control group.The treatment effect,adverse reaction were observed, and airway remodeling associated indicators like Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and serum CRP, IL-8, Eotaxin levels were detected as well. Results After treatment, the clinical asthma control rate was 87.18% (34/39) in the study group and 58.97% (23/39) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.885,P<0.05).After treatment,the TGF-β1(6.74 ± 2.21 μmol/L vs.10.90 ± 2.24 μmol/L,t=8.256),VEGF(27.63 ± 5.14 ng/ml vs.35.76 ± 5.82 ng/ml,t=6.539),bFGF(7.15 ± 1.54 μmol/L vs.12.62 ± 2.23μmol/L,t=12.605)in the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the CRP (9.16 ± 1.85 mg/L vs.16.74 ± 2.20 mg/L,t=16.468),IL-8(51.26 ± 17.25 pg/L vs.114.32 ± 20.15 pg/L,t=14.847),IL-8 (98.59 ± 34.12 pg/ml vs.159.62 ± 52.74 pg/ml,t=6.068)in the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reaction between the study group 20.5%(8/39) and the control group12.8%(5/39) during treatment (χ2=0.831, P>0.05). Conclusions The acupoint application combined with modified Xiaoqinglong decoction can significantly improve the clinical effect, inhibit airway remodeling, decrease the level of serum CRP, IL-8 and Eotaxin in patients with bronchial asthma, and its safety is high.

Systemic Sclerosis and Pleural Effusion in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis / 대한내과학회지

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by endothelial and fibroblast dysfunction, resulting in progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an arthritic condition affecting the axial skeleton and peripheral joints. An association between SSc and AS is relatively rare, as the two diseases share few characteristics. Here, we present a case of limited SSc in a 44-year-old man who exhibited low-grade AS, and discuss several cases of coexisting SSc and AS in the literature. Patients with both diseases showed several common features, including male predominance, middle age, and combined interstitial lung disease. However, unlike our case, the patients reported in the literature had advanced ankylosis and diffuse SSc.

Establishing evaluation system for health education products of parasitic dis-eases by Delphi method / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To establish an evaluation system for health education products of parasitic diseases by using a Del-phi method,so as to provide references for the evaluation of health education products.Methods An expert panel was estab-lished and evaluation indicators were determined by brainstorming and face-to-face discussion,then the weight of each evalua-tion indicator was determined through a two-round Delphi method and the evaluation system was established.Results The eval-uation indicators for material products,graphic design products and audio-visual products were established respectively by ex-pert panel.Four first indicators and 12 second indicators were included in each type of products.The consensus was achieved fol-lowing the two rounds of expert consultation among 23 knowledgeable and experienced experts,who considered"scientificity"and"acceptability"to be the most important of all the first indicators,and"information accuracy"and"behavioral guidance"of all the second indicators.Conclusion A scientific and rational evaluation system is established,and it can be used in compre-hensive evaluation of health education products for parasitic diseases.

Revisión Bibliográfica: El Microbioma Humano / Bibliographic Review: The Human Microbiome

El microbioma humano se entiende como el enorme conjunto de microorganismo que habitan de manera simbiótica en los distintos órganos de un individuo sano. Existe evidencia suficiente como para afirmar que la colonización de dichos microorganismo sucede inmediatamente después del nacimiento, e incluso algunos autores sostienen que podría suceder dentro del útero. La cantidad de publicaciones científicas que abordan el tema del microbioma han aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos 5 años dejando claro su papel preponderante en la respuesta inmune y en el equilibro salud enfermedad; afirmando que cambios en su ecosistema en términos de cantidad y calidad se asocia con el inicio o la perpetuación de diversas enfermedades.

The human microbiome is understood as the huge group of microorganisms that inhabit symbiotically in a healthy human. There is enough evidence to affirm that the colonization of microorganism happens immediately after birth, in fact some authors claim that it could happen inside the uterus. The number of scientific publications that address the issue ofthemicrobiome have increased exponentially in the last 5 years,making clearthe predominantrole in the immune response and in the health balance; affirming that changes in the ecosystem in terms of quantity and quality, are associated with the initiation or perpetuation of various diseases.

Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate with SYNTAX score in old patients with coronary heart disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine and cystatin C and the SYNTAX score in old patients with coronary heart disease. Methods Two hundred and fifty-six consecutive old patients with coronary heart disease were included in this study. The patients were angiographically diagnosed with coronary heart disease between January 2013 and April 2014 at the Department of Cardiology.eGFR was caculated by using BIS2 equation based on creatinine and cystatin C.SYNTAX score was caculated by SYNTAX score algorithm. Multiple linear regression and ordinal logsitic regreesion was used to analyze the association between eGFR and SYNTAX score. Results In patients with normal of renal function [eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m2), 110 patients], mild renal insufficiency [60 ml/(min · 1.73 m2) ≤ eGFR<90 ml/(min · 1.73 m2), 98 patients], midrange and severe renal insufficiency[eGFR<60 ml/(min · 1.73 m2), 48 patients], with the decrease in renal function of patients, SYNTAX score increased: (15.42 ± 9.65), (25.24 ± 8.34), (33.73 ± 10.15) scores, P<0.01. eGFR was an independent predictor of SYNTAX score (r=-0.059, P<0.01).eGFR was negatively correlated with SYNTAX score (r=-0.457, P<0.01). Conclusions eGFR is an independent predictor of SYNTAX score and negatively correlated with SYNTAX score in old patients with coronary heart disease. This might be helpful to explain the increased risk of coronary heart disease events and mortality in old patients with renal dysfunction.

Meta-analysis on the relationship between sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and liver injury / 天津医药

Objective To provide an comprehensive evaluation of the correlation between sleep apnea hypopnea syn?drome (SAHS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The various case-control studies on the relation?ship between SAHS and NAFLD were retrieved from all kinds of large-scale databases at home and abroad (including Web of science, EMbase, Pubmed, Springer Link, EBSCO Databases, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang Data). The quality evaluation of in?cluded studies was made by two independent researchers. RevMan 5.1 and stata 12.0 software were used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 11 qualified documents were included in this study. Meta analysis showed that the relative risk of NAFLD was increased in SAHS patients than non-SAHS patients (RR=2.82, 95%CI:2.03-3.92, P<0.01). The serum ala?nine aminotransferase (ALT) increased in SAHS patients (SMD=0.53, 95% CI:0.02-1.05, P < 0.05). Compared with non-SAHS patients, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly higher in SAHS patients combined with severe NAFLD than those combined with mild NAFLD (SMD=1.42, 95%CI:0.12-2.72, P < 0.05). Conclusion The risk of NAFLD in?creases in SAHS patients. The severity of NAFLD is relatively higher with the severity of intermittent hypoxia.

Validação de índices angiográficos e da angiotomografia computadorizada utilizando o ultrasson intravascular como padrão-ouro para quantificar a extensão da doença aterosclerótica coronariana / Validation of scoring systems derived from coronary conventional invasive and computed tomography angiography, using intravascular ultrasound as gold-standard, to estimate atherosclerotic disease extension

Introdução: A extensão da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é um dos mais fortes preditores de eventos cardiovasculares adversos. Estratégias capazes de quantificar acuradamente a gravidade da doença coronária podem implicar em melhora na avalição prognóstica, na orientação terapêutica e na avaliação da progressão da doença. O ultrassom intracoronário (USIC) tornou-se o método padrão-ouro para quantificação da aterosclerose devido à sua habilidade em avaliar diretamente as placas ateroscleróticas. A angiotomografia coronária tem surgido como uma útil alternativa não invasiva ao USIC para avaliação de pacientes com DAC. Entretanto, pouco se sabe a respeito da sua habilidade em estimar, de modo acurado, a carga aterosclerótica coronariana global. Objetivo: Comparar diversos escores angiotomográficos que avaliam a extensão da DAC utilizando o USIC multivascular como padrão-ouro. Métodos: Pacientes com doença coronariana diagnosticada, em programação para intervenção percutânea foram incluídos prospectivamente. Pelo menos uma de três características de alto risco era necessária para inclusão: doença multiarterial, diabetes melitus e/ou síndrome coronária aguda à admissão. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a ultrassom intracoronário multivascular e angiotomografia coronária. Escore de cálcio e cinco outros escores previamente descritos foram calculados com base na imagem da angiotomografia coronária e comparados com o volume percentual de ateroma (VPA) médio derivado do USIC. Um novo escore angiotomográfico foi criado e também comparado ao USIC. Resultados: Um total de 62 pacientes foram incluídos. Todos com exceção de um escore apresentaram baixa a moderada correlação, estatisticamente significante, com o VPA derivado do USIC. O novo escore angiotomográfico criado demonstrou a mais forte correlação com o VPA ao USIC (ρ=0,73, p < 0,001) e a maior área sob a curva ROC (estatística-C = 0,90) para predizer um VPA médio dicotomizado alto. Conclusões: Enquanto...

Background: The extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) is one the most powerful predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. Strategies that accurately quantify coronary artery disease severity are expected to improve prognosis assessment, treatment guidance and evaluation of disease progression. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has become the gold-standard method to quantify atherosclerosis due to its ability to directly analyze atherosclerotic plaques. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) has emerged as a useful non-invasive alternative to IVUS for assessing patients with CAD. Nevertheless, little is known about its ability to accurately estimate global atherosclerotic burden. Objective: To compare several coronary CTA scoring systems assessing CAD extent with gold-standard multivessel intravascular ultrasound. Methods: Patients with diagnosed coronary disease scheduled for percutaneous intervention were prospectively enrolled. For all patients, coronary CTA and multivessel IVUS were obtained. Calcium score and 5 previously reported scores were calculated from coronary CTA imaging and compared to average IVUS-derived percent atheroma volume (PAV). A novel coronary CTA score was constructed and also compared to IVUS. Results: A total of 62 patients were included. All but one previously described scoring system showed a significant low-to-moderate association with IVUS-derived PAV. The newly developed "soft plaque" coronary CTA score demonstrated the strongest correlation with IVUS-PAV (ρ=0.73, p<0.001) and the greatest area under the ROC curve (C-statistic = 0.90) to predict a high dichotomized PAV. Conclusions: While coronary CTA scores were able to assess total atherosclerotic burden in patients with coronary disease, a newly described CTA scoring system may be a promising non-invasive tool to quantify disease extent in high-risk patients with known CAD.

The effects of valsartan on the proliferation,migration,p-ERK1/2 and p-P38 MAPK expression of vascular smooth muscle cells / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of valsartan on the proliferation and migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells and the expression of p-ERK1/2 ,p-P38 promoted by angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ ) .Methods VSMCs from the rat thoracic aorta were cultured by attachment-block culture .VSMCs from3-5 passages were used .The proliferation of VSMCs was tested by MTT meth-od .Pipettetip wounding injury was used to access the migration of VSMCs .The expression of ERK1/2 ,p-ERK1/2 ,P38 and p-P38 of VSMCs was detected by Western Blot .Results (1) AngⅡ could significantly promote the proliferation of VSMCs .The prolifer-ation of VSMCs promoted by AngⅡ could be inhibited by Valsartan and PD98059 .Valsartan inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs in a concentration-dependence .SB23015 could significantly promote the proliferation of VSMCs .(2 ) The migration activity of VSMCs in the Ang Ⅱ was increased significantly .Valsartan and PD98059 inhibited Ang Ⅱ-induced migration of rat VSMCs and SB23015 was on the contrary .(3) Valsartan and PD98059 could inhibit AngⅡ-induced VSMCs intracellular p-ERK1/2 protein ex-pression ,and this role was enhanced by SB23015 .Valsartan and SB23015 could inhibit Ang Ⅱ-induced VSMCs intracellular p-P38 protein expression ,and PD98059 had no significant effect .(4)VSMCs had no significant effect on cell proliferation ,migration and p-ERK1/2 ,p-P38 protein expression under valsartan alone .Conclusion (1)Valsartan could inhibit Ang Ⅱ-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a concentration-dependence .(2)The effects that valsartan inhibits the proliferation and migration of Ang Ⅱ-induced VSMCs might be related to its inhibiting Ang Ⅱ-induced p-ERK1/2 protein expression .(3)p-P38 might play a negative reg-ulatory role on the AngⅡ-induced p-ERK1/2 activation .

Avaliação de polimorfismos genéticos de citocinas na doença de Chagas crônica / Evaluation of cytokines genetic polymorphisms in chronic Chagas disease

A doença de Chagas é largamente distribuída pelo continente americano, onde afeta milhões de indivíduos. Clinicamente, apresenta uma diversidade de manifestações. Na fase crônica, os indivíduos infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentar complicações cardíacas e/ou digestivas. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado o envolvimento da resposta imune no desenvolvimento e manutenção das formas clínicas crônicas da infecção chagásica. A produção e a expressão diferencial de algumas citocinas entre os portadores da doença de Chagas crônica tornaram estas moléculas alvos de estudos de polimorfismos genéticos. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar polimorfismos de um único nucleotídeo (SNPs) em portadores da doença de Chagas crônica...

Chagas disease is widely distributed through the American continent, where affects millions of individuals. Clinically, the disease presents a variety of manifestations. In the chronicphase, the individuals infected byTrypanosoma cruzimay have the absence of symptom atology or present cardiac and/or digestive complications...