Study on anti-inflammatory effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Kushen herbpairs extract based on network pharmacology / 中国药理学通报

Aim To predict the potential targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza- Kushen herb pairs extracts (SK) and explore its anti-inflammatory effect on modelsbased on network pharmacology, so as to provide the research foundation of both new drugs and anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods Network pharmacology was used to predict the potential anti-inflammatory targets of SK. Ear edema model was used to study the anti-in- flammatoiy effects of SK. Luminex liquid-phase chip analysis technology was used to observethe changes in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral serumafter transdermal administration in mice by SK. Intraperitoneal injection of Evans blue experiment was used to simulate the exudation of inflammatory factors, and the effect of SK on capillary permeability in mice- was explored. Results Network pharmacology was used to predict that the anti-inflammatory effect of SK- was mainly related to immune-related processes and VEGF signaling pathways, unravelingthe relationship between the anti-inflammatory mechanismand the decrease of pro-inflammatory factors and vascular permea- bility. Conclusions The experiments verify that the results are the same as the prediction by network pharmacology. The anti-inflammatory effect involves decline the IL-6 levels, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor( G-CSF) levels and vascular permeability in the STAT3 pathway. Asthemain components of SK, tanshi- none, matrine and oxymatrine are linked to anti-in- flammatory effects.

CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes ameliorate acute skin inflammation in an ear edema model

The short release half-life of carbon monoxide (CO) is a major obstacle to the effective therapeutic use of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). The potential of CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes (CORM-2-UDLs) to enhance the release half-life of CO and alleviate skin inflammation was investigated in the present study. CORM-2-UDLs were prepared by using soy phosphatidylcholine to form lipid bilayers and Tween 80 as an edge activator. The deformability of CORM-2-UDLs was measured and compared with that of conventional liposomes by passing formulations through a filter device at a constant pressure. The release profile of CO from CORM-2-UDLs was evaluated by myoglobin assay.

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Arenga pinnata in Mice/Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Arenga pinnata in mice/rats after intragastric administration. METHODS： The mice were randomly divided into A. pinnata ethanol extract group  and solvent control group （distilled water）， with 20 mice in each group. Maximal dosage method was used to observe the acute toxicity of ethanol extract from A. pinnata with intragastric administration. The mice were randomly divided into A. pinnata ethanol extract high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups [6.5， 3.25， 1.625 g/kg （by ethanol extract， similarly here in after）， i.g.]， positive control group （0.005 g/kg morphine， i.p.） and blank control group （distilled water， i.g.）. The analgesic effect was evaluated by hot plate method， and the licking latency was compared 30， 60 and 90 minutes after administration. The mice were randomly divided into A. pinnata ethanol extract high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （6.5， 3.25， 1.625 g/kg， i.g.）， positive control group （loxoprofen sodium 0.023 g/kg， i.g.） and model control group （distilled water， i.g.）. The analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid writhing method. The writhing times within 20 minutes were compared and the writhing inhibition rate was calculated. The mice were randomly divided into A. pinnata ethanol extract high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （6.5， 3.25， 1.625 g/kg， i.g.）， positive control group （morphine 0.005 g/kg， i.p.）， model control group （distilled water， i.g.）. The analgesic effect was evaluated by formalin-induced pain method. The total licking time was compared between 0-5 min and 10-40 min after formalin administration； the inhibition rate of licking was calculated. The mice were grouped according to acetic acid writhing test. The mice were given relevant medicine once a day for consecutive 3 days. The mice were given xylene to induce inflammation model， and the degree of ear swelling was compared. Rats were randomly divided into A. pinnata ethanol extract high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （4.5， 2.25， 1.125 g/kg， i.g.）， positive control group （losoprofen sodium 0.016 g/kg， i.g.）， model control group （distilled water， i.g.） and blank control group （distilled water， i.g.）， once a day， for consecutive 3 days. The rats were given Freund’s complete adjuvant to induce inflammation model and then given relevant medicine for consecutive 7 d. The degree of paw swelling was compared before inflammation and within 7 days after inflammation. The number of mice/rats in each group was 8 to 14 in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests. RESULTS： Compared with solvent control group， the body weight of mice had no significant increase in A. pinnata ethanol extract group； no drug-induced toxicity was found. Compared with blank control group， licking latency in mice was significantly prolonged in A. pinnata ethanol extract high-dose group 30 and 60 minutes after medication （P＜0.01）. Compared with model control group， the times of writhing， total licking time and the degree of ear swelling of mice were decreased significantly in A. pinnata ethanol extract high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model control group， the degree of paw swelling began decrease significantly in A. pinnata ethanol extract high-dose group 4 h after inducing inflammation， and the effect lacted until the 7th day （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： A. pinnata ethanol extract has no significant acute oral toxicity， and possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Study on anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo and relation of fingerprint with pharmacodynamics of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix from three commercial specifications / 中草药

Objective: To explore the difference of anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo between Canqiang, Tiaoqiang and Datouqiang, and to obtain the anti-inflammatory active substances by relation of fingerprint with pharmacodynamics. Methods: Dimethylbenzene for the induction of a mouse ear edema in vivo and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity, inflammatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by NO kit and ELISA kit, and the gray correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the peak area and the anti-inflammatory activity of the fingerprint features of each sample. Results: Different commercial specifications presented inhibition on acute inflammation of ear edema and inflammatory factors NO, TNF-α and IL-6, and anti-inflammatory effects were Canqiang > Datouqiang > Tiaoqiang. The chemical composition represented by 40 characteristic peaks was related to anti-inflammatory activity, and 17 characteristic peaks were highly correlated with this effect, among which three peaks were known components, namely chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and isoimperatorin. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of Canqiang was the most significant, which was consistent with Canqiang being the most expensive and effective in the market, also with traditional grading standards. This study initially obtained anti-inflammatory active substances were chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and isoimperatorin.

Comparative study of anti-inflammatory activity and qualitative-quantitative composition of triterpenoids from ten genotypes of Ugni molinae / Estudio comparativo de la actividad antiinflamatoria y composición química cualitativa y cuantitativa de triterpenoides de diez genotipos de Ugni molinae

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in qualitative-quantitative composition of triterpenoids and total phenolic contents, together with anti-inflammatory activity of Ugni molinae leaves obtained from ten genotypes. The ethyl acetate (EAE) and ethanol extracts (ETE) were obtained and analyzed. The plant genotypes were grown under same soil and climate conditions and under same agronomic management; the leaves were also harvested under the same conditions. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by mice ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at a single dose of 200 mg/kg BW of each extract. Composition of triterpenoids and total phenolic contents was determined by HPLC-DAD and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. Ugni molinae leaves of different plant genotypes exhibited significant differences in regard to their anti-inflammatory activity, as well as in qualitative-quantitative composition of triterpenoids and total phenolic content.

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer las diferencias en la composición cualitativa y cuantitativa de triterpenoides y en los contenidos totales de fenoles, junto con la actividad antiinflamatoria de las hojas de Ugni molinae provenientes de diez genotipos. Los extractos de acetato de etilo (EAE) y etanólicos (ETE) fueron obtenidos y analizados. Los genotipos fueron cultivados bajo las mismas condiciones edafo-climáticas y con el mismo manejo agronómico; las hojas fueron cosechadas bajo las mismas condiciones. La actividad antiinflamatoria fue evaluada en ratones a los que se les indujo un edema en la oreja mediante la aplicación del 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol-13 acetato (TPA) y los extractos fueron evaluados a una dosis única de 200 mg/kg de peso corporal. La composición en triterpenoides y los contenidos de fenoles totales fueron determinados por CLAE-DAD y por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu, respectivamente. Las hojas provenientes de los diferentes genotipos de U. molinae, exhibieron significativas diferencias en sus actividades antiinflamatorias, así como, en el contenido cualitativo y cuantitativo de triterpenoides y en el contenido de fenoles totales.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Dactyloquinone B and Cyclospongiaquinone-1 Mixture in RAW264.7 Macrophage and ICR Mice

Sesquiterpene-quinone is a class of secondary metabolites frequently encountered from marine sponge. The present study was designed to examine the anti-inflammatory action of sponge-derived dactyloquinone B (DQB) and cyclospongiaquinone-1 (CSQ1) mixture using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. We measured the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 production, which increased by treatment with LPS, were significantly inhibited by DQB and CSQ1 mixture. It also decreased the production of NO production, and iNOS and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, it reduced 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema of ICR mice. These results demonstrate that sesquiterpene-quinone, DQB and CSQ1 mixture, might serve as a chemical pipeline for the development of anti-inflammatory agent.

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Cryptostegia grandiflora Roxb. ex R. Br. leaves

BACKGROUND: Despite Cryptostegia grandiflora Roxb. ex R. Br. (Apocynaceae) leaves are widely used in folk Caribbean Colombian medicine for their anti-inflammatory effects, there are no studies that support this traditional use. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the total extract and primary fractions obtained from Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, using in vivo and in vitromodels of inflammation, and further get new insights on the mechanisms involved in this activity. RESULTS: Ethanolic extract of Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, and its corresponding ether and dichloromethane fractions, significantly reduced inflammation and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in ear tissue of mice treated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Histological analysis revealed a reduction of edema and leukocyte infiltration. Complementarily, we demonstrated that extract and fractions reduced nitric oxide (NO•) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as well as scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated for the first time the anti-inflammatory activity of Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, supporting its traditional use. This activity was related to inhibition of MPO activity, and PGE2 and NO• production. These mechanisms and its antioxidant activity could contribute, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory effect showed by this plant.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Polygonum orientale extract / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Polygonum orientale extract. Methods: The acute inflammatory models such as xylene-induced ear edema and egg white-induced paw edema and the chronic inflammatory model granuloma induced by cotton pellet implantation were used in researching the inflammatory effects of water and alcohol extract from P. orientale (POWE and POAE) by ig administration. Meanwhile, the analgesic effects of POWE and POAE were observed by hot plate and acetic acid writhing test. Results: Compared with the model group, high- and low-dose (7.5 and 3.75 g/kg) POWE and POAE could significantly inhibit ear edema in mice (P < 0.01) and paw edema in rats (P < 0.05, 0.01). Also, POWE and POAE decreased the granuloma of rats (P < 0.01). Moreover, after treatment with high- and low-dose POWE and POAE, the pain threshold with hot plate method was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01) compared with the model group. The writhing number was reduced after administration (P < 0.01) compared to the model group. However, there were substantial variations between the POAE groups and the same dose of POWE in high and low concentration (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: P. orientale extract possesses the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, and POWE has better effect than POAE.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract from red seaweed Dichotomaria obtusata

The aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of methanolic extract from D. obtusata using classic models in mice (croton oil-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced writhing) and a phospholipase A2 activity test. Qualitative analysis of the chemical composition of seaweed was also determined by extraction with solvents of increasing polarity and precipitation and color tests. Results of qualitative chemical study showed the presence of lactonic and phenolic compounds, reduced carbohydrates, other sugars, flavonoids, fatty compounds, triterpenes and steroids. The extract inhibited mouse ear edema in a dose-dependent manner with an efficacy higher than 90% and a mean effective dose of 4.87µg/ear, while intraperitoneal administration presented a moderate activity. The extract did not inhibit phospholipase A2 activity. In the writhing test, the intraperitoneal administration of the extract showed a strong antinociceptive activity (80.2%), while the oral route showed a lower efficacy. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of methanol extract of D. obtusata in experimental models, suggesting its therapeutic potential in the treatment of peripheral painful and/or inflammatory pathologies.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos antiinflamatórios e antinociceptivos de um extrato metanólico de D. obtusata, utilizando modelos clássicos em ratos (teste do edema de orelha induzido por óleo de cróton e teste de contorções induzidas por ácido acético) e um teste de atividade de fosfolipase A2. A análise qualitativa da composição química das algas foi também determinada através de extração com solventes de polaridade crescente e testes de precipitação e cor. Os resultados do estudo de química qualitativa mostraram a presença de compostos lactônicos e fenólicos, hidratos de carbono reduzidos e outros açúcares, flavonoides, compostos graxos, triterpenos e esteroides. O extrato inibiu o edema de orelha dos ratos de um modo dependente da dose com eficácia superior a 90% e dose média efetiva de 4.87µg/orelha, enquanto a administração intraperitoneal apresentou atividade moderada. O extrato não inibiu a atividade da fosfolipase A2. No teste de contorção, a administração intraperitoneal do extrato mostrou forte atividade antinociceptiva (80,2%), enquanto a administração oral mostrou menor eficácia. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstrou os efeitos antiinflamatórios e antinociceptivos do extrato metanólico de D. obtusata em modelos experimentais, sugerindo seu potencial terapêutico no tratamento de patologias dolorosas periféricas e/ou inflamatórias.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Weichang'an Pill / 中草药

Objective: To study the active constituents in the methanol extract of Weichang'an Pill (MEWP) and their anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: The HPLC method was used to anylyze the constituents in MEWP. The anti-inflammatory effects of MEWP were observed on the acute anti-inflammatory models of xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability; Meanwhile the chronic anti-inflammatory model of granuloma was induced by cotton pellet implantation. Results: Twelve active constituents in MEWP were analyzed, including costunolide and dehydro-α-curcumene from Aucklandiae Radix; naringin, hesperedin, and neohesperedin from Aurantii Fructus; magnolol and honokiol from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex; aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion from Rhei. Radix et Rhizoma. At the dose of 800 mg/kg, the MEWP showed the inhibitory rate of 39.46% on the ear edema and 35.37% on the increasing of capillary permeability induced by acetic acid in mice. It could decrease the paw edema caused by carrageenan after 1 h and inhibit the granuloma induced by cotton pellet implantation. Conclusion: The MEWP could antagonize the reaction of inflammation.

In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf extract on male albino mice / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To study the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf extract on male albino mice.@*METHODS@#Aqueous decoction and methanol leaf extracts were tested for their ability to reduce croton oil-induced edema in the mouse ear after topical application. The methanol leaf extract dose-dependently inhibited the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice (ID50 <500 μg·cm(-2)). A bioassay-guided liquid-liquid fractionation of this methanol extract gave four active fractions: water insoluble (F1), hexane (F2), ethyl acetate (F3) and water (F4).@*RESULTS@#The hexane fraction showed a very high activity (42.1% inhibition at 0.7 μg·cm(-2)) as compared to the control. The other fractions were less active (F1: 56.1% at 506.2 μg·cm(-2); F3: 57.3% at 289.3 μg·cm(-2); and F4: 31.9% for 203.8 μg·cm(-2)) while indomethacin gave 48.8% of inhibition at 90 μg·cm(-2). The activity of F1 and F3 may be at least in part explained by the presence of anti-inflammatory flavonoids, while the activity was not correlated to the tannin contents. No compounds were detected in the most active F2 fraction.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results give a rational support to the traditional use of T. divaricata in tropical India as anti-inflammatory agent.

Avaliação da atividade antiinflamatória do coentro (Coriandrum sativum L. ) em roedores / Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L. ) in rodents

Coriandrum sativum L. (Umbelliferae), conhecido popularmente por coentro, é uma planta doméstica cultivada nas diversas partes do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. As folhas e frutos do coentro são utilizados como condimento em culinária e na medicina popular como analgésica, antirreumática, carminativa e colagoga. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento com o óleo essencial (OEC) e o extrato hidroalcóolico (EHC) do coentro em modelos experimentais de inflamação em roedores. A atividade antiinflamatória do coentro foi avaliada por meio dos testes de pleurisia em ratos e formação do edema de orelha em camundongos. A pleurisia foi induzida pela carragenina em animais tratados ou não com EHC. O edema de orelha induzido pela aplicação tópica de óleo de cróton e a atividade da mieloperoxidase foi avaliada em camundongos tratados ou não com OEC ou EHC. No teste da pleurisia o tratamento com EHC promoveu significativa diminuição no edema pleural, mas não sobre a migração leucocitária. Além disso, diferentemente ao observado com o tratamento com OEC, o uso tópico de EHC diminui significativamente o edema de orelha e a migração celular induzidos pela aplicação do óleo de cróton. Os dados indicam que EHC apresenta atividade antiinflamatória quando administrado pelas via oral e tópica, enquanto que OEC não apresenta atividade antiinflamatória tópica.

Commonly known as coriander, Coriandrum sativum L. (Umbelliferae) is a home plant grown in several parts of the world, including Brazil. Its leaves and fruits have been used as condiment in cooking and in folk medicine as analgesic, antirheumatic, carminative and cholagogue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil (EO) and hydroalcoholic extract (HE) from coriander on experimental inflammation models in rodents. Coriander anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by pleurisy tests in rats and ear edema formation in mice. Pleurisy was induced by carrageenan in HE-treated or non-treated animals. The ear edema was induced by topical application of croton oil and the myeloperoxidase activity was evaluated in EO-treated and HE-treated or non-treated mice. In the pleurisy test, HE treatment significantly decreased pleural edema but not the leukocyte migration. Furthermore, differently from EO, the topical use of HE significantly decreased ear edema and cell migration induced by croton oil application. The results indicate that HE had anti-inflammatory activity when orally and topically administered, whereas EO did not present topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory effect of water-extract of microcos paniculata / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of water-extract of microcos paniculata,and to provide scientific experimental evidence for clinical applications.Methods Various inflammatory models,including the swelling of ear induced by xylene and the permeability increase of capillary induced by acetic acid in mice were used to explore the anti-inflammatory of water-extract of Microcos Paniculata.Results High and middle doses of microcos paniculata could significantly inhibit ear edema,and all the three doses of microcos paniculata could significantly inhibit the permeability increase of capillary permeability.Conclusion The water-extract of microcos paniculata has significant anti-inflammatory effect.

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pegmatite by in Vivo and in Vitro Study

PURPOSE: This work aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of pegmatite in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Author evaluated the suppressive effects of pegmatite on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production, TNF-alpha and IL-6 release in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. RESULTS: Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with pegmatite significantly reduced LPS-stimulated NO production and inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Also pegmatite showed topical anti-inflammatory activity in the arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability assessment in mice. It was also found that pegmatite (10 mg per ear in DW) inhibited arachidonic acid induced edema at 24 h more profoundly than 1 h by topical application. Furthermore, the vascular permeability increase induced by acetic acid was significantly reduced in mice that received pegmatite in 50 mg per mouse. CONCLUSION: Therefore the results of the present study suggest that pegmatite is a potent inhibitor of the LPSinduced NO and inflammatory cytokine in RAW 264.7 macrophages and showed anti-inflammatory activities in vivo animal model.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Cheiloclinium cognatum root barks

Cheiloclinium cognatum (Hippocrateaceae) has been used in folk medicine to treat fever and edema. In this paper, we report the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the crude dichloromethane extract (DECc) from C. cognatum root barks collected in Auguste de Saint Hilaire wood at Universidade Federal de Goiás. Doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 g/kg caused a dose-dependent inhibition of croton oil-induced ear edema in mice equivalent to 21, 30 and 51 percent, respectively. There was a significant increase in analgesic-meter-induced tail flick test equivalent to 105, 189 and 200 percent of increase tail flick reaction time. These results allowed to suggest that C. cognatum could be a source of new compounds which anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Cheiloclinium cognatum é uma planta da família das Hippocrateaceae, popularmente conhecida como bacupari, usada popularmente no tratamento de febre e edemas. Neste artigo, descrevemos as atividades antiinflamatória e analgésica do extrato bruto diclorometânico das cascas das raízes (DECc), coletadas no bosque Auguste de Saint Hilaire, localizado na Universidade Federal de Goiás. Doses de 0,1, 0,3 e 1,0 g/kg causaram uma redução de 21, 30 e 51 por cento, respectivamente, no edema de orelha de camundongos, induzido pelo óleo de cróton. No método algesimétrico, flexão de cauda, observou-se um significativo aumento no tempo para reação ao estímulo térmico equivalente a 105, 189 e 200 por cento. Estes resultados sugerem que C. cognatum pode ser uma fonte de novos compostos com atividades antiinflamatória e analgésica.