Resistencia a nitrofuranos en Salmonella enterica aisladas de carne para consumo humano / Nitrofuran resistance in Salmonella enterica isolated from meat for human consumption

RESUMEN En el presente estudio, se analizaron los mecanismos de resistencia a nitrofuranos en 18 muestras cár nicas con Salmonella enterica (15 de pollo, 2 de ternera y 1 de cerdo) de mercados de Lima (Perú). Determinaron los serotipos de los aislamientos y la sensibilidad a furazolidona y nitrofurantoina (con y sin el inhibidor de bombas de expulsión Phenyl-Arginine-β-Naphthylamide [PAβN]), las mutaciones en los genes snrA y cnr por PCR y la transferabilidad de la resistencia por conjugación. Se identificaron 15 muestras con S. infantis (13 muestras de pollo), 2 con S. enteritidis y 1 con S. anatum. Todos los aisla mientos, excepto S. anatum, fueron resistentes a ambos nitrofuranos (concentración mínima inhibidora [CMI] a furazolidona: 32-64 µg/mL, CMI a nitrofurantoina: 128-256 µg/mL), sin diferencias al adicio narse PAβN. Todos los aislamientos resistentes a nitrofuranos presentaron sustituciones en snrA y cnr (S. infantis: snrA STOP-151; cnr STOP-137; S. enteritidis: snrA STOP-180; cnr STOP-179). No se detectaron mecanismos transferibles de resistencia a nitrofuranos.

ABSTRACT The mechanisms of resistance to nitrofurans from 18 meat samples with Salmonella enterica (chicken: 15; beef: 2; pork: 1) collected in Lima (Peru) were analyzed. The isolates were serotyped and the susceptibility levels to furazolidone and nitrofurantoin [with and without the efflux pump inhibitor Phenyl-Arginine- β-naphthylamide (PAβN)], the presence of mutations in the snrA and cnr genes and the transferability of resistance by conjugation were established. Fifteen samples with S. infantis (13 from chicken samples), 2 with S. enteritidis and 1 with S. anatum were identified. All isolates except the S. anatum were resistant to both nitrofurans showing MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration) of furazolidone and nitrofurantoin of 32-64 μg/mL and 128-256 μg/mL, respectively. The addition of PAßN had no effect on the MIC levels. All nitrofuran-resistant isolates showed amino acid codon alterations at both snrA and cnr (S. infantis: snrA STOP-151; cnr STOP-137; S. enteritidis: snrA STOP-180; cnr STOP-179). No transferable mecha nisms of nitrofuran resistance were detected.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of magnesium aluminate, lansoprazole, amoxicillin and furazolidone in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric ulcer / 中国综合临床

Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of magnesium aluminium carbonate, lansoprazole, amoxicillin and furazolidone in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric ulcer.@*Methods@#From March 2016 to December 2017, 120 patients with HP related gastric ulcer who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the digestive department of Linxi Hospital of Kailuan general hospital.They were divided into observation group and control group with random number table method, 60 cases in each group.The control group was given lansoprazole+ amoxicillin+ furazolidone triple therapy.On this basis, the observation group was added with magnesium aluminum carbonate.The clinical efficacy, clearance rate of Helicobacter pylori, the level of VEGF and EGF in gastric juice were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The total clinical effective rate of the observation group was 95.0% (57/60), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (83.3%) (50/60). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.23, P<0.05). The comprehensive symptom scores of the two groups decreased significantly with the treatment time (observation group: before treatment(9.6±2.2), treatment 2 weeks (5.5±1.5), treatment 4 weeks (4.3±1.2), treatment 6 weeks (3.1±0.8), control group (9.4±2.5), treatment 2 weeks (7.2±1.3), treatment 4 weeks (6.6±1.4), treatment 6 weeks (4.5±1.0)), and observation group syndrome scores There was significant difference between the two groups (Finter-group=23.54, Pinter-group<0.05; Fintra-group=87.62, Pintra-group<0.05; Finteraction=8.47, Pinteraction<0.05). After treatment, VEGF level in gastric juice of the two groups increased significantly after treatment.In the observation group( (429.4±128.5) pg/ml )was significantly higher than that in the control group( (380.3±137.2) pg/ml, t=2.02, P<0.05). The EGF level in gastric juice of the two groups increased significantly after treatment.In the observation group( (658.1±164.0) pg/ml )was significantly higher than that in the control group ((583.5±135.1) pg/ml, t=2.72, P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 6.7% (4/60) in the observation group and 8.3% (5/60) in the control group.There was no significant difference (χ2=0.12, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The treatment of Helicobacter pylori related gastric ulcer with the combination of aluminum carbonate, lansoprazole, amoxicillin and furazolidone can obviously improve the clinical symptoms and promote the regeneration of ulcer mucosa.

Efficacy and safety of rifabutin and furazolidone included triple regimen and minocycline plus furazolidone included quadruple regimen in eradicating refractory Helicobacter pylori infection / 中华消化杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of rifabutin and furazolidone included triple regimen and minocycline plus furazolidone included quadruple regimen in eradicating refractory H.pylori infection.Methods A total of 146 patients who failed (≥ two times) to treat H.pylori with standard antiH.pylori therapy were selected and divided into esomeprazole,rifabutin and furazolidone treatment group (ERF group,n =74) and esomeprazole,minocycline,furazolidone and bismuth potassium citrate group (EMFB group,n =72).The duration of treatment were both 10 days.Liver and renal functions were examined within three days after therapy.13C or 14 C-urease breath test was performed one month after the medication withdrawal.The patients were followed up once every two weeks during the treatment period.The medication and adverse reactions were recorded in detail.The compliance and rates of adverse events in two groups were compared and analyzed.The eradication rates of the two groups and subgroups were compared by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses.The cost-effectiveness of the two groups was evaluated with cost effectiveness analysis (CEA).The cost/effectiveness (C/E) ratio was calculated by PP.Chi-square test and t test were used for statistical analysis.Results There was no significant difference in complicance between ERF group and EMFB group (90.5％ vs.90.3％,P ＞0.05).There was no significant difference in H.pylori eradication rate between ERF group and EMFB group analyzed by ITT (82.4％ vs.84.7％,P ＞0.05).Analyzed by PP,there were no significant differences in H.pylori eradication rate between ERF group and EMFB group (91.0％ vs.93.8％),between male subgroup and female subgroup of ERF group (87.9％ vs.94.1％),between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of ERF group (89.7％ vs.92.9％),between male subgroup and female subgroup of EMFB group (89.7％ vs.97.2％) and between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of EMFB group (93.6％ vs.94.4％) (all P ＞ 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of adverse events between ERF group and EMFB group (20.3％ vs.22.2％),between male subgroup and female subgroup of ERF group (25.0％ vs.15.8％),between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of ERF group (26.2％ vs.12.5％),between male subgroup and female subgroup of EMFB group (19.4％ vs.24.4％) and between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of EMFB group (24.5％ vs.15.8％)(all P ＞ 0.05).Fixed daily cost,total cost and C/E of ERF group was RMB 59.0 yuan,RMB 590.5 yuan and 648.9,respectively;and the eradication rate was 91.0％ (61/67).Fixed daily cost,total cost and C/E of EMFB group was RMB 32.9 yuan,RMB 329.1 yuan and 350.9,respectively;and the eradication rate was 93.8％ (61/65).Conclusions Rifabutin and furazolidone included triple regimen and minocycline plus furazolidone included quadruple regimen both have good efficacy,safety and compliance in the eradication of refractory H.pylori infection,and the latter is better.

Efficacy and safety of rifabutin and furazolidone included triple regimen and minocycline plus furazolidone included quadruple regimen in eradicating refractory Helicobacter pylori infection / 中华消化杂志

Objective@#To observe the efficacy and safety of rifabutin and furazolidone included triple regimen and minocycline plus furazolidone included quadruple regimen in eradicating refractory H. pylori infection.@*Methods@#A total of 146 patients who failed (≥two times) to treat H. pylori with standard anti-H.pylori therapy were selected and divided into esomeprazole, rifabutin and furazolidone treatment group (ERF group, n=74) and esomeprazole, minocycline, furazolidone and bismuth potassium citrate group (EMFB group, n=72). The duration of treatment were both 10 days. Liver and renal functions were examined within three days after therapy. 13C or 14C-urease breath test was performed one month after the medication withdrawal. The patients were followed up once every two weeks during the treatment period. The medication and adverse reactions were recorded in detail. The compliance and rates of adverse events in two groups were compared and analyzed. The eradication rates of the two groups and subgroups were compared by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. The cost-effectiveness of the two groups was evaluated with cost effectiveness analysis (CEA). The cost/effectiveness (C/E) ratio was calculated by PP. Chi-square test and t test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in complicance between ERF group and EMFB group (90.5% vs. 90.3%, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in H. pylori eradication rate between ERF group and EMFB group analyzed by ITT (82.4% vs. 84.7%, P>0.05). Analyzed by PP, there were no significant differences in H. pylori eradication rate between ERF group and EMFB group (91.0% vs. 93.8%), between male subgroup and female subgroup of ERF group (87.9% vs. 94.1%), between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of ERF group (89.7% vs. 92.9%), between male subgroup and female subgroup of EMFB group (89.7% vs. 97.2%) and between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of EMFB group (93.6% vs. 94.4%) (all P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of adverse events between ERF group and EMFB group (20.3% vs. 22.2%), between male subgroup and female subgroup of ERF group (25.0% vs. 15.8%), between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of ERF group (26.2% vs. 12.5%), between male subgroup and female subgroup of EMFB group (19.4% vs. 24.4%) and between subgroup with age less than 60 years and subgroup with age over 60 years of EMFB group (24.5% vs. 15.8%) (all P>0.05). Fixed daily cost, total cost and C/E of ERF group was RMB 59.0 yuan, RMB 590.5 yuan and 648.9, respectively; and the eradication rate was 91.0%(61/67). Fixed daily cost, total cost and C/E of EMFB group was RMB 32.9 yuan, RMB 329.1 yuan and 350.9, respectively; and the eradication rate was 93.8%(61/65).@*Conclusions@#Rifabutin and furazolidone included triple regimen and minocycline plus furazolidone included quadruple regimen both have good efficacy, safety and compliance in the eradication of refractory H. pylori infection, and the latter is better.

Simultaneous Determination of Two Ingredients in Indometacin and Furazolidone Suppositories by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of two ingredients in indometacin and furazolidone suppositories.Methods: The analysis was performed on an XTerra(R) RP18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution of methanol and 0.01 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (100∶0.02) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 263 nm.The injection volume was 10 μl.Results: The peaks of furazolidone and indometacin were successfully separated.The linear range of calibration curves was 5.12-81.87 μg·ml-1 (r =1.0000) and 3.78-60.45 μg·ml-1 (r =1.0000), respectively.The average recovey was 99.6% (RSD =1.5%, n =6) and 100.3% (RSD =1.6%, n =6), respectively.The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.02 μg·ml-1 and 0.05 μg·ml-1, respectively.Conclusion: The established method is validated to be suitable for the quality control of indometacin and furazolidone suppositories.

Simultaneous Determination of Two Components in Furazolidone, Indometacin and Cuscohygrinolis α-Acetylbenzoacetate Suppositories by HPLC with Dual Wavelength Detection / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an analytical method for the determination of furazolidone and indometacin in furazolidone, in-dometacin and cuscohygrinolis α-acetylbenzoacetate suppositories by HPLC. Methods: The separation was performed on a ZORBAX Extend-C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0. 035 mol·L-1 potassium phosphate monobas-ic aqueous solution (adjusting pH to 3. 0 with acetic acid) with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, and the detection wavelengths were set at 364 nm and 318 nm. The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:Under the selected chromatographic conditions, the two components showed good linearity within the range of 0.005-0.05 mg·ml-1(r=0. 9999). The limit of detection was 20 ng·ml-1 and 26 ng·ml-1, respectively. The limit of quantitation was 70 ng·ml-1 and 90 ng·ml-1, respectively. The average recovery was 99. 4％(RSD=0. 6％, n=9)and 99. 4％(RSD=0. 3％,n=9),respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and specific, and the results are accurate and reliable. The method can be used for the de-termination of the two components in furazolidone, indometacin and cuscohygrinolis α-acetylbenzoacetate suppositories.

Determination of Furazolidone and Florfenicol in Soil by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A detection method for furazolidone and florfenicol in soil with various environmental matrices was established using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (UPLC / MS / MS) technique. Extracting solution of a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH = 3) and acetonitrile (3 : 7, V/ V) was used in this experiment. The extracted water samples were enriched by SAX-HLB solid phase extraction column before the process of nitrogen blowing ( high purity nitrogen). The enriched antibiotics were desalted with 8 mL of methanol. Waters BEH C18(2. 1 × 100 mm) column was used for the sample separation. UPLC / MS / MS was carried out for qualitative and quantitative analysis under multi-reaction monitoring mode. The detection limit of the method was determined by 3 times of signal-to-noise ratio, and the limit of determination of the method was determined by 10 times of signal-to-noise ratio. The results showed that the detection limits of furazolidone and florfenicol were 1. 19 and 0. 41 μg / kg, respectively, and the limits of quantitation of furazolidone and florfenicol were 3. 40 and 1. 37 μg / kg, respectively. Besides, recovery experiment showed that, for the soil samples spiked with 50 μg / L furazolidone and florfenicol, the recoveries were 79% for florfenicol and 92% for furazolidone. Similarly, for the soil samples spiked with 200 μg / L furazolidone and florfenicol, the recoveries were 96% for furazolidone and 86% for florfenicol.

Eradication Rate of Bismuth-containing Quadruple Regimens Recommended by the Chinese Consensus Report on Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection / 胃肠病学

Background:With the increasing of antibiotic resistance and decreasing of eradication rate of standard triple therapy, bismuth-containing quadruple regimens were recommended by the update Chinese consensus report for eradication of Helicobacter pylori( Hp ) infection. Aims:To evaluate the eradication rate of the recommended bismuth-containing quadruple regimens for guiding the choice of low cost and high efficiency eradication regimens. Methods:A search of online database( CNKI,Wanfang and VIP)was carried out. Clinical trials published in Chinese from 2011 to 2013 that evaluated the eradication rate of the recommended bismuth-containing quadruple regimens were retrieved. Data were extracted by standardized data forms. According to the categories raised by Dr. Graham,the eradication rates were graded and analyzed. Results:A total of 166 eligible articles including 192 clinical trials for eradication of Hp infection were obtained. Nationwidely,the eradication rates of amoxicillin-containing regimens were acceptable,among which PAFB( PPI+amoxicillin+furazolidone+bismuth)regimen was more prone to achieve excellent eradication rate(≥95%). PACB ( PPI+amoxicillin+clarithromycin+bismuth)regimen was optimal for Hp eradication in East China,and PAFB regimen was optimal in Central South China. A 14-day treatment course was appropriate. Conclusions:In the recommended bismuth-containing quadruple regimens,PAFB regimen might be the first choice nationwidely for eradication of Hp infection in individuals without amoxicillin-hypersensitivity because of its low cost and high efficiency. The recommended treatment course is 14-day.

Efficacy of moxifloxacin, esomeprazole plus furazolidone triple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 10-day moxifloxacin,esomeprazole plus furazolidone triple therapy as first-line treatment to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (Hp)in comparison with the 14-day quadruple therapy containing esomeprazole,amoxicillin, clarithromycin and colloidal bismuth pectin. Methods A total of 1 26 cases of endoscopically confirmed Hp-positive chronic active gastritis or peptic ulcer were randomly assigned to the treatment group to receive esomeprazole,moxifloxacin plus furazolidone triple therapy for 1 0 days;or to the control group to receive esomeprazole, amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and colloidal bismuth pectin quadruple therapy for 14 days.Clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated after 4-week treatment.Results At the end of treatment,the Hp eradication rate was 89.4%in the treatment group, and 88.3% in the control group(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group (16.7%)was significantly lower than that in the control group (36.7%)(P<0.05).Conclusions The 10-day moxifloxacin,esomeprazole plus furazolidone triple therapy is effective and well-tolerated as first-line treatment to eradicate Hp with samilar efficacy and fewer adverse reactions compared to the 14-day bismuth-based quadruple therapy.

Analysis of multiple drug resistance of 2311 strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from patients of different ages / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate condition of single drug or multiple drug resistance and sensitivities of different combinations of antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infected patients of different ages in Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province.Methods From January 2007 to December 2011,a total of 6280 patients underwent gastroendoscopy examination were enrolled,the average age of them was 50.8 years old.Among them,129 cases were less than 20 years old,1802 cases were between 20 and 40,3016 cases were between 40 and 60,and 1333 cases were over 60.The mucosa of gastric antrum was collected for H.pylori culture.Drug sensitivity of isolated H.pylori strains was tested with metronidazole,amoxicillin and gentamycin,furazolidone,clarithromycin and levofloxacin.x2 test was performed for the comparison of drug resistance among different age groups.Results Among 6280 specimens,H.pylori culture of 2311 cases was positive (positive rate 36.80％).The positive rate of patients aged between 40 and 60 was the highest (38.43％,1159/3016),and that of patients over 60 was the lowest (33.76％,450/1333).The drug resistance rate of metronidazole in patients between 20 and 40 years reached 98.02％ (644/657) and was the highest.The drug resistance rate of clarithromycin in patents over 60 years old was the highest,which was 22.67％(102/450).The drug resistance rates of the levofloxacin,furazolidone,amoxicillin and gentamicin were low of all ages.Mixed resistance of two antibiotic appeared in 586 strains,mixed resistance rate of metronidazole and clarithromycin was the highest (259 strains,15.23 ％).Mixed resistance of three drugs appeared in 49 strains,mixed resistance rate of metronidazole,clarithromycin and levofloxacin was the highest (32 strains,12.88％).A total of 1691 strains were sensitive to the combination of amoxicillin and gentamycin,the sensitive was rate 99.41％.The sensitive rate of the combination of amoxicillin and furazolidone,gentamycin and furazolidone was both 94.24％.Conclusions Metronidazole presented high drug resistance of all ages,and should not be chosen.The combination use of amoxicillin and gentamicin is the ideal antibiotic combination for different ages.The combination of gentamycin and furazolidone is recommended for patients who are allergic to penicillin.

Effect of furazolidone on the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole and its metabolites in rats / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of furazolidone on the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in rats. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of lansoprazole and its metabolites, 5-hydroxylansoprazole and lansoprazole sulfone, were determined by HPLC-MS/ MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that furazolidone (40 mg · kg-1) remarkably increased the AUC0-4h of lansoprazole from (487.33 ± 122.40) to (779.82 ± 126.67) remarkably (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased the AUC0-4h ratios of lansoprazole sulfone/lansoprazole from (0.70 ± 0.34) to (0.33 ± 0.09) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Furazolidone inhibits the metabolism of lansoprazole via CYP3A4, and consequently improves the bioavailability of lansoprazole. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Genotoxicidad de la furazolidona y la forma libre de su metabolito 3-amino-2-oxazolidona, mediante la prueba de micronúcleos en linfocitos humanos / Genotoxicity of furazolidone and the free form of the metabolite: 3-amino-2-oxazolidone, based on human lymphocytes micronucleus test

The aim of this trial was to assess the genotoxic effects of the main metabolite of furazolidone (3-amino-2-oxazolidone-AOZ), which is usually protein-bound (PB-AOZ). Because PB-AOZ is not available as a tool for biomedical research, the synthetic free form of AOZ (F-AOZ) was used to challenge human lymphocytes in the genotoxic quantification test of induced micronuclei on human lymphocytes. The level of exposure of lymphocytes to F-AOZ was calculated by determining the residual quantity of the Bg-AOZ (from liver and muscle) by HPLC, derived from broilers fed furazolidone included at 0.11% and 0.22% in feed, and allowing a seven day withdrawal time. Then F-AOZ and furazolidone as positive genotoxic group were added at various concentrations higher than the residual level indication to the in vitro preparations diluted both in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as follows: for furazolidone (FZD) groups of 10 μM (225 mg/g), 1.0 μM (225 mg/g), 0.1 μM (22.5 mg/g), and 0.001 μM (0.225 mg/g), as well as a negative control group and positive control with DMSO 10-3 M (0.130 mg/g) and arsenic 10-3 M (0.747 mg/g), respectively; for F-AOZ 0.01 μM (1.020 mg/g); 0.102 μM; 0.0005 μM (0.051 mg/g); and 0.0001 μM (0.001 mg/g) were tested, having the same controls groups as for FZD. Results show that furazolidone from 10.0 μM through 0.1 μM possesses a well defined genotoxic effect. Association frequency, relative risk and ANOVA test showed a statistically significant effect vs the negative control group (P = 0.001; P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). For F-AOZ the same statistical tests showed that only 0.01 μM was capable of inducing a genotoxic effect. These results suggest that furazolidone as parent compound is potentially capable of inducing genotoxicity in consumers. In contrast, only the highest concentration of F-AOZ was shown to induce a similar effect. Yet this concentration is well above the expected residual concentration after a 7-day withdrawal period. These results do not support the use of furazolidone in humans as it is now accepted and reveals that F-AOZ is a considerably lower hazard to public health than the parent compound. Yet, lack of evidence of the effect of bound-AOZ in a similar setting precludes further comparisons, but these results suggest that it seems unlikely that PB-AOZ is a real risk to public health. Further studies are warranted.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos genotóxicos del metabolito principal de la furazolidona 3-amino-2-oxazolidona (AOZ) que usualmente se encuentra unido a la proteína (AOZ-UP). Debido a que no se dispone para investigación biomédica de AOZ-UP, se utilizó la forma libre de AOZ (AOZ-L) como desafío genotóxico por medio de la técnica de cuantificación de micronúcleos inducidos en linfocitos humanos. El nivel de exposición de linfocitos a AOZ-libre fue establecido con base en la determinación por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR) de los residuos de AOZ-UP encontrados en músculo e hígado de pollos, producidos en forma comercial, expuestos a furazolidona (FZD) por medio del alimento a dosis de 0.11% y 0.22%, permitiendo un tiempo de retiro de 7 días. Se conformaron dos grupos furazolidona (FZD) con las siguientes concentraciones de 10 μM (225 mg/g), 1 μM (225 mg/g), 0.1 μM (22.5 mg/g), y 0.001 μM (0.225 mg/g), así como el grupo testigo negativo sulfoxido de dimetilo (DMSO) 10-3 μM (0.130 mg/g) y el testigo positivo arsénico 10-3 μM (0.747 mg/g). Para AOZ-libre las concentraciones fueron 0.01 μM (1.020 mg/g); 0.001 μM (0.102 mg/g); 0.0005 μM (0.051 mg/g); y 0.0001 μM (0.001 mg/g) con los mismos grupos testigo. Los resultados muestran que la furazolidona a concentraciones de 1.0 μM y 0.1 μM posee un efecto genotóxico bien definido. El grado de asociación se calculó por medio del riesgo relativo y prueba de ANDEVA, que mostró el efecto estadísticamente significativo al compararlo con el grupo testigo negativo (P = 0.001; P = 0.03 y P = 0.04, respectivamente). Para AOZ-L las mismas pruebas estadísticas mostraron que sólo la concentración 0.01 μM era capaz de inducir un efecto genotóxico. Estos resultados sugieren que la furazolidona como sal pura es potencialmente capaz de inducir efectos genotóxicos en humanos, en los que no se apoya su uso. En contraste, sólo la concentración más alta de AOZ-L mostró un efecto similar, pero dicha concentración es mayor que la encontrada como residual a los siete días de retiro y puede considerársele como un peligro mucho menor para la salud pública que el compuesto progenitor. Dada la falta de evidencia científica del efecto genotóxico del AOZ-UP no se pueden realizar comparaciones adicionales con lo obtenido aquí para AOZ-L, pero parecería poco probable calificar a los residuos de AOZ-UP como peligros reales para la salud pública, por lo que se requieren pruebas adicionales.

Analysis of 653 Patients with Gastritis Verrucosa / 天津医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristic of gastritis verrucosa,and improving the recognition and treatment of this disease thereof.Methods:Six hundred and fifty three patients with gastritis verrucosa,who were diagnosed in Tianjin general hospital from March 2003 to February 2009,were studied.All of these patients were examined by electronic gastroscope and conducted biopsy.Patients were detected helicobacter pylori(HP)using 13C urea breath test.Fifty eight patients with HP-positive and fifty patients with HP-negative(moderate and serious grade),were collected and divided into two groups respectively.The patients in HP-positive groups were given lanseprazole(group A)or rabeprazole(group B).Furazolidone and amoxicilin were given in both groups.The patients in HP-negative groups were administered lanseprazole(group C)or cimetidine(group D).The effects of the treatment were observed in this study.Results:There was no specificity in clinical characteristic of gastritis verrucosa.The pathological changes of gastritis verrucosa were mostly located antrum.The pathological manifestations were chronic inflammation and chronic active inflammation with intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia.The positive rate of HP infection was 72.74%.There was significant different in the relationship between different levels of inflammation and HP infection(P ＜ 0.05).The effect of treatment was better in group A than that of group B(P ＜ 0.05);and better in group C than that in group D(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:There was a correlation between gastritis verrucosa and HP infection.The higher positive rate of HP was correlated with the degree of erosion.For patients with HP-positive,it is better to use the treatment of lansoprazole,amoxicillin and furazolidone.For patients with HP-negative,treatment with lanseprazole was better than cimetidine.

Furazolidona, tetraciclina e omeprazol: uma alternativa de baixo custo para erradicação de Helicobacter pylori em crianças / Furazolidone, tetracycline and omeprazole: a low-cost alternative for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar furazolidona, tetraciclina e omeprazol como tratamento de primeira linha para Helicobacter pylori em crianças com sintomas digestivos. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico aberto, prospectivo e consecutivo. O estudo incluiu pacientes acima de 8 anos com dispepsia funcional, dor abdominal funcional, anormalidades histológicas graves (metaplasia intestinal, atrofia gástrica ou linfoma do tecido linfóide associado às mucosas) ou úlcera péptica. A presença de H. pylori foi definida com base em exame histológico e teste da urease. O regime medicamentoso consistiu de um tratamento de 7 dias com omeprazol, tetraciclina (ou doxiciclina) e furazolidona duas vezes por dia. A erradicação foi avaliada através de endoscopia digestiva alta 2 meses após o tratamento (exame histológico e teste da urease). Avaliações clínicas posteriores foram realizadas 7 dias e 2 meses após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 36 pacientes (21 meninas/15 meninos). A idade variou de 8 a 19 anos (média de 12,94+2,89 anos). Na análise por intenção de tratar (n = 36), a taxa de erradicação foi de 83,3 por cento (IC95 por cento 77,1-89,5), ao passo que na análise por protocolo (n = 29), foi de 89,7 por cento (IC95 por cento 84,6-94,7). A adesão foi melhor quando se utilizou doxiciclina, mas as taxas de sucesso foram semelhantes para as duas tetraciclinas. Não houve nenhuma variável associada à falha no tratamento. Foram relatados efeitos colaterais em 17 pacientes (47,2 por cento), principalmente dor abdominal (11/30,5 por cento), náusea (sete/19,4 por cento) e vômitos (cinco/13,9 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A terapia tripla com furazolidona e tetraciclina é uma alternativa de baixo custo para o tratamento da infecção pelo H. pylori.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate furazolidone, tetracycline and omeprazole as first line therapy for Helicobacter pylori in children with digestive symptoms. METHODS: Prospective and consecutive open trial. The study included patients older than 8 years old with functional dyspepsia, functional abdominal pain, severe histological abnormalities (intestinal metaplasia, gastric atrophy or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) or peptic ulcer. H. pylori status was defined based both upon histology and rapid urease test. Drug regimen was a 7-day course of omeprazol, tetracycline (or doxycycline) and furazolidone twice daily. Eradication was assessed by upper endoscopy 2 months after treatment (histology and rapid urease test). Further clinical evaluation was done 7 days and 2 months after treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (21 female/15 male) were included. Age ranged from 8 to 19 years (mean 12.94+2.89 years). On intention-to-treat analysis (n = 36), eradication rate was 83.3 percent (95 percentCI 77.1-89.5) whereas in per-protocol analysis (n = 29), it was 89.7 percent (95 percentCI 84.6-94.7). Compliance was better when doxycycline was used, but the success rates were similar for the two tetracyclines. There was no variable associated with treatment failure. Side effects were reported in 17 patients (47.2 percent), mainly abdominal pain (11/30.5 percent), nausea (seven/19.4 percent) and vomiting (five/13.9 percent). CONCLUSION: Triple therapy with furazolidone and tetracycline is a low-cost alternative regimen to treat H. pylori infection.

Estudio de casos de urticaria anular aguda en pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de Dermatología del Instituto de Salud del Niño durante el período 2003 al 2004 / Acute annular urticaria case study in patients hospitalized in the service of Dermatology of the Institute of Health of the Child during the period 2003 to 2004

La urticaria aguda en niños es una entidad frecuente, sin embargo su incidencia no está bien establecida. Una variante es la urticaria anular aguda o gigante que ha sido caracterizada en varios trabajos. Objetivo: Caracterizar la urticaria anular aguda en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional no concurrente de serie de casos. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados del servicio de Dermatología del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima-Perú, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados:Se hallaron 27 niños con diagnóstico de urticaria anular aguda,las lesiones más frecuentes fueron las placas violáceas y manchas residuales. El área más afectada fue el tórax y dentro de los factores desencadenantes más importantes se encontró el uso de furazolidona en el 59% de los casos. Conclusiones: La urticaria anular aguda o gigante es una reacción de hipersensibilidad con características propias asociada en un alto porcentaje al uso de furazolidona (AU)

Acute urticaria in children is a frequent disorder; however its incidence has not been established. Annular acute urticaria or giant urticaria is a variant which has been reported in several surveys. Objetive: Characterize acute annular urticaria at Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima-Peru. Methods: Observational non-concurrent series of cases. We reviewed the medical records of hospitalized patients at Dermatology Service, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: We found 27 children with diagnosis of acute annular urticaria; the most frequent lesions were lilaceous plaques and residual patches.The most frequently affected area was chest and the most important triggering factor was the use of furazolidone. Conclusions: Acute annular urticaria is a hypersensitivity reaction with special characteristics, which is associated in a high percentage to use of furazolidone (AU)

Effect of Aversion Therapy with Furazolidone on Patients with Alcohol Dependence / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To observe the effect and safety of the aversion therapy with furazolidone on patients with alcohol dependence.Methods 90 patients with alcohol dependence were randomly divided into the aversion therapy group and the control group with 45 cases in each group. The cases of the aversion therapy group were treated by aversion therapy with furazolidone and those of the control group were treated with routine therapy. The changes of the blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate before and after drinking were observed and the rate of successful abstinence in one year was investigated.Results The effect of the aversion therapy group treated with furazolidone was significantly better than that of the control group ( P<0.05). The aversion therapy was safe.Conclusion The aversion therapy with furazolidone is more effective and safe.

Furazolidone induces dilated cardiomyopathy in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To establish the Wistar rat model of furazolidone-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (Fz-DCM). METHODS: The Wistar rat model of Fz-DCM was established by feeding the animals with furazolidone. The left ventricular dimension and cardiac function were detected by echocardiogram. Aortic and right atrial pressure were measured by invasive catheter. Left ventricular interior diameter and the thickness of left ventricular free wall were measured after the rats were killed. Myocardial collagen network remodeling was observed and collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated by Van Gieson stain. RESULTS: ①The total incidence rate of DCM was 66.6% (20/30) in DCM group. ②Compared the corresponding subgroups to control group, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVED), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVES), the right atrial pressure, the left ventricular interior diameter and the ratio of left ventricle weight and body weight were increased significantly. The fraction shortening (FS), the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the thickness of left ventricular free wall were decreased significantly. ③In FZ-DCM rat, the myocyte hypertrophy and degeneration, interistial fibrous tissue hyperplasia, the quantity of typeⅠand type Ⅲ collagen fibers and the collagen volume fraction (CVF%) were increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The rat model of DCM can be induced successfully by feeding the animals with furazolidone. In the rats with Fz-DCM, there are left ventricular dilation, the thinness of ventricular wall, the interistial fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and the decrease in left ventricular contractic function, indicating that the Fz-DCM rat model represents the pathophysiological characters of dilated cardiomyopathy.

Ensaio terapêutico na infecção por Giardia muris em camundongo com metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole e furazolidone / A therapeutic trial in Giardia muris infection in the mouse with metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and furazolidone

Foi testado in vivo a sensibilidade de Giardia muris a quatro drogas comumente usadas no tratamento da giardíase humana. Foram utilizados 7 grupos de animais, com 12 camundongos cada, sendo que o grupo controle recebeu apenas solução salina 0,15M (0,5ml/animal). Os demais grupos receberam em dose única: metronidazole e furazolidone (500mg/kg), tinidazole e secnidazole (200mg/kg). A eficácia das drogas foi avaliada através da contagem de cistos nas fezes e pela ausência de trofozoítos no intestino. O metronidazole foi a droga mais eficaz. Os cortes histológicos mostraram diferenças entre o padrão da mucosa intestinal de animais normais e parasitados. No entanto, não se observou diferença entre o padrão de mucosa de animais infectados tratados e não tratados, o que sugere que estas alterações podem ser causadas pelo parasito e não pelas drogas.

A comparative study about the effectiveness of metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and furazolidone was performed on Giardia muris from mice naturally infected. Groups of 12 animals each was constituted: the control treated with saline; one treated with metronidazole; one treated with furazolidone; one treated with tinidazole; one treated with secnidazole; histological normal control; histological infected. Samples of three stools were examined before and after treatment with quantification of cysts. Animals were cured when the trophozoites was not seen in the small bowel. The curative activity of drugs was 58.3% for metronidazole, 50% for furazolidone, 40% for secnidazole and 16% for tinidazole. It was also showed that there was a different pattern of the intestinal mucosa from the control and infected groups, treated or not, suggesting that the alterations encountered in the mucosa of infected animals were due to the parasitism either the action of the drugs.

The comparative effectiveness of metronidazole, furazolidone and cotrimoxazole in blastocystis hominis infectiont.

A study of the treatment of symptomatic Blastocystis hominis infection was carried out in order to compare the efficacy of the use of metronidazole, furazolidone and cotrimoxazole. Fifty-eight subjects were enrolled in this and were placed in three groups at random. The cure rates of the patients who received metronidazole on days, 7, 14 and 30 after treatment were 68.4, 68.4 and 73.7 percent respectively. The cure rates of the furazolidone treatment group on days, 7, 14 and 30 after treatment were 45.0, 70.0 and 85.0 percent respectively. The cure rates for cotrimoxazole on days, 7, 14 and 30 after treatment were 57.9, 84.2 and 78.9 percent respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the efficacy of these drugs.

Preliminary study on efficacy of small doses of furazolidone for duodenal ulcer and clearance of H.pylori / 第三军医大学学报

0.05).It is concluded that furazolidone in small doses is as efficacious as Denol in the treatment of duodenal ulcer and the clearance of H.pylori,and it be a safe substitute for the routine dose of furazolidone for the treatment of duodenal ulcer.