ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale Rosc. METHODS: Various column chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents and their structure were elucidated by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 6-shogoal (I), 9-shogoal (II), 10-shogoal (III), 12-paradol (IV), 6-gingerol (V), 6-isodehydrogingerdione (VI), 8-isodehydrogingerdione (VII), 5-hydroxy-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-4-hexa-decen-3-one (VIII), (E)-geranylferulic acid (IX), and 5-ethoxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)tetradecan-3-one (X). CONCLUSION: The compounds II, III, IV, VI, VII and X are isolated from Zingiberis Rhizoma for the first time.
ABSTRACT
This study was to investigate the mechanism of gingerols antagonizing the inflammatory effect of toxic raphides from Pinella pedatisecta. Mice peritonitis models induced by toxic raphides from P. pedatisecta were applied to observe the effect of gingerols on inflammatory mediators PGE2 in the exudates of abdominal inflammation in mice; rats peritoneal macrophage in vitro culture models were adopted to study the anti-inflammatory effects of gingerol against toxic raphides, with TNF-α and IL-1β in supernatant as indexes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in surface morphology of macrophages treated by raphides and gingerols. Macrophages-neutrophils co-cultured models were used to study the antagonism of gingerols against the effect of toxic raphides' stimulation on neutrophils migration. Results showed that gingerols could significantly inhibit the production of PGE2 in the exudates of abdominal inflammation induced by toxic raphides from P. pedatisecta in mice. Gingerols could significantly inhibit the toxic raphides from P. pedatisecta to induce the release of inflammatory factors, with certain dose dependence. Scanning electron microscopy showed that gingerols could significantly inhibit phagocytosis of macrophages, cytomembrane injury, and neutrophils migration induced by toxic raphides from P. pedatisecta. The results showed that the antagonism mechanism of gingerols against the toxic raphides from P. pedatisecta may be associated with inhibiting the pro-inflammatory toxicity including macrophage activation, inflammatory factors release, and neutrophils migration.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the in vivo tissue distribution of 6-gingerols, 6-shogaol, and 8-gingerols from dried ginger (the rhizome of Zingiber officinale) in rats and to discuss the channel tropism of them. Methods: The method of "symptoms-efficacy-pharmacokinetics" was used and the ginger solution was ig given to the rats which were deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach; Then the blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, stomach, large intestine, and small intestine were immediately taken out after the rats were ig given the medince in 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120, and 360 min, respectively; Finally, HPLC was used to detect the concentration of 6-gingerols, 6-shogaol, and 8-gingerols from dried ginger in different tissues of rats in each group of deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach and normal by calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: We found that in the group of deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach, the concentration of the three active components was the highest in stomach, small intestine, liver, and lung, and in the group of normal, the three components were mostly distributed in the stomach, kidney, small intestine, large intestine, and lung. What's more, in the digestive organs, such as stomach and small intestine, the concentration was obviously higher in the group of deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach than that in the group of normal. Conclusion: The main ingredients of dried ginger mostly distribute in spleen, stomach, lung, and liver. This view conform to the traditional channel trpism of dried ginger in traditional Chinese medicine theory.
ABSTRACT
Objective To extract and separate crude gingerols and to determine the content of [6]-gingerol in crude gingerols.Methods Crude gingerols were separated from the ginger supercritical-CO2 extracts by silica gel dry column chromatography with solvent system of diethyl ether-n-hexane(7:3).The content of [6]-gingerol in crude gingerols was determined by HPLC.Results [6]-gingerol content in the prepared crude gingerols by silica gel dry column chromatography arrived 52.87 %(m/m).[6]-gingerol had a good linearity in the range of 0.512～ 3.075 ? g,r=0.999 9,and the average recovery was 99.19 %,RSD=1.58 % .Conclusion Silica gel dry column chromatography can be used to quickly,effectively prepare crude gingerols,in which [6]-gingerol content is high,and can supply enough material for further research.The liquid chromatographic analysis of [6]-gingerol is simple,reliable,reproducible and can be used for the quality control of crude gingerols.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a HPLC-UV method for the determination of [6]-gingerol in the rat plasma.Methods [6]-Gingerol was extracted from the rat plasma by using liquid-liquid extraction,then was separated on a Hypersil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m).The mobile phase was acetonitrile and water(45:55,v/v) with a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min.The eluate from the HPLC column was monitored by the spectrophotometric detector at 280 nm.The injection volume was 20 ?L.[6]-Gingerol was identified based on its retention time compared with the reference standard.Results The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.25～5.0 ?g/mL.The low quantitative limit was 0.1 ?g /mL.The RSD of inter-day was