ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of ginseng polysaccharide on the recovery of erythrocyte function in rats with one-time exhaustive swimming. Methods: Rat exhaustion swimming model was divided into control group, exhaustion group, self-recovery group after exhaustion, and low, middle and high dose groups of ginseng polysaccharide. The degree of oxidative damage of erythrocyte, ATP, ATPase, SA content in rat serum were detected by ELISA, and the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase in rat red blood cells were detected. The level of Band 3 protein in erythrocyte membrane was detected by Western blot and changes in the activities of key enzymes of glycolysis caused by Band 3 protein were determined. Results: After exhaustive swimming, the red blood cells of rats were damaged by oxidative stress. The anti-oxidant capacity of red blood cells was significantly lower than that of the control group. The ginseng polysaccharide could promote the recovery of anti-oxidant capacity of red blood cells in a dose-dependent manner. The content of ATPase and SA were decreased compared with the control group. With the increase of ginseng polysaccharide concentration, the content of ATP, ATPase and SA were increased gradually. The activities of Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase were decreased after exhaustive swimming. The ginseng polysaccharide can restore the function of sodium potassium pump and calcium magnesium pump in a dose-dependent manner. The content of Band 3 protein after exhaustive swimming was significantly lower than that of the blank control group. The ginseng polysaccharide can restore the content of erythrocyte membrane Band 3 protein. The activities of the key enzymes of glycolysis, PK, HK and PFK, were adjusted in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Ginseng polysaccharide has a good recovery effect on rat erythrocyte function damage caused by exhaustive exercise.
ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the effect of ginseng polysaccharides(WGP) on renal fibrosis in mice with diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its possible mecha-nism. Methods Diabetic mice were induced by intra-venous injection with 120 mg·kg-1streptozotocin (STZ) and were randomly divided into the following four groups with 10 mice per group: model group, low-, medium-, high-dose(25,50,100 mg·kg-1) of WGP groups. Other 10 normal mice were treated as normal control group. The mice were administered o-rally for 12 weeks. After that,the levels of fasting blood-glucose(FBG),microalbuminuria(mAlb),serum creatinine(Scr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were detected. The expression of collagen fibers and the ex-pression of α-SMA protein in renal cortex were detec-ted using Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining. The cAMP content in renal cortex was detec-ted by radioimmunoassay. The protein expressions re-lated to extracellular matrix composition and PKA/CREB in renal cortex were detected by Western blot.Results WGP could obviously reduce the contents of FBG,mAlb,Scr and BUN in DN mice,meanwhile de-creasing the expressions of α-SMA,LN and FN protein by inhibiting the activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB sig-nal pathway,which led to the alleviation of degree of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in kidney. Conclusion WGP has inhibitory effect on renal fibro-sis in DN mice model,which might be related with the suppression of cAMP/ PKA /CREB signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a new type of anti-fatigue nutrient chewable tablet and to explore its anti-fatigue effect in mice. Methods Ginseng polysaccharide, acanthopanax extract and taurine were mixed together in a proportion of 6 : 8 : 1 as remedium cardinale, mannitol was used as filler, sucrose as a correctant and magnesium stearate as a lubricant. Hardness, appearance and taste were utilized as score indexes, the dosage of mannitol, sucrose, and magnesium stearate were used as study factors. The orthogonal test was applied to screen the best proportion of raw materials to create the formulation according to the mouse behaviors. A total of 60 male mice were randomly divided into control group (normal saline) and three doses of Shenjia chewable tablet groups (200, 600 and 1 800 mg kg). Lavage administration was lasted for 7 days. We then carried out the weight loading swimming test to record the swimming lime of mice, and also recorded the body mass and the serum biochemical indexes, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid (Lac), free triiodothyronine (FT3). free thyroid hormone (FT4). cortisol and melatonin (MT). Results The formulation was optimized as 30% ginseng polysaccharide, 40% acanthopanax extract, 5% taurine. 19% mannitol, 5% sucrose, and 1. 0% magnesium stearate. The Shenjia chewable tablet tasted cool and sweet, round in shape, yellow in color and smooth in appearance. Compared with the control group, there were significant increases in the loaded-swimming time in the three doses groups (P<0. 01), in the levels of ATP, FT3, FT4 and MT in middle and high dosage groups (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), and in Lac level in high dosage group (P
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the apoptosis of the auction and mechanism of the hepatoma BEL-7402 cells induced by the ginseng polysaccharides (GPS). METHODS: The hematoma cells BEL-7402 were incubated with GPS, cell viability was measured by CCK8, cell cycle distribution was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), the cell morphological changes were traced with TUNEL and scanning electron microscope, TNFRl, BCL-2 and Bax protein expression and ERK phosphorylation are tested by Western blot. RESULTS: CCK8 results showed that GPS inhibited cells growth of BEL-7402 in dose-dependent and time-dependent. Flow cytometry found that S phase arrest was increased upon GPS concentrations. Obviously apoptotic sub-g peak was also found. And the peak was gradually enhanced with the concentration increased. TUNEL staining and SEM results showed that GPS led to significant cell morphology changes in hepatoma cells BEL-7402. And the apoptosis effect was increased upon the GPS concentrations. Western blot showed that level of apoptosis related protein Bax was increased, the expression of apoptosis-antagonizing protein Bcl-2 was decreased and the expression of death receptor TNFRl appeared with GPS concentrations increased gradually, raise ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: GPS can induce apoptosis of hepatoma cells BEL-7402 by the mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor dependent pathway and ERK pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the treatment effect of ginseng polysaccharide injection auxiliary GP chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods 130 cases of patients with non-small cell lung cancer from June 2011 to June 2013 were randomly divided into two groups, 65 cases in each group.The control group was given gemcitabine and cisplatin treatment.The observation group were treated with ginseng polysaccharide injection on the basis of the control group.After 3 months of continuous therapy, the therapeutic effect, T-lymphocyte subsets, adverse events, quality of life scores of the two groups were compared, and survival in two groups of patients were also compared after 1 year follow-up.Results The total efficiency and clinical benefit rate in observation group were 58.5%, significantly better than the control group ( 41.5%) , the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =3.72, P<0.05);CD3, CD4 and CD4 /CD8 in observation group were significantly higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (t =5.735, 7.885, 7.326, P<0.05), whereas CD8 was significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.442, P<0.05).The main adverse reactions of the two groups of patients during treatment were myelosuppression (WBC and platelet decreasing and anemia ) and gastrointestinal reaction.Score of life quality in observation group was ( 71.5 ±12.9 ) after treatment, significantly higher than the control group (64.2 ±12.2), the difference was statistically significant (t=3.315, P<0.05).1-year survival rate in the observation group were 63.1%, and 52.3% in the control group.Conclusion Ginseng Polysaccharide injection auxiliary GP chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer has significantly efficacy, enhances immunity, reduces side effects, better quality of life.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the ginseng polysaccharides for prolonging the life span of the C.elegans and inhibit the toxic effects of polyQ accumulation.Methods Caenorhabditis elegans of HA759 and AM141 were divided into control group and Ginseng group, seprately.Control group didn’ t do any special treatment, Ginseng group were given 10 mg/mL polysaccharide and OP50-1 in the proportion of 1:4 mixed volume to 50 mL.C.elegans of glutamine ( polyQ) polymer HA759 neurotoxicity model test of glutamine protein polymer toxicity experiment were done.The ASH neuron survival condition were tested.After sampling statistics gathered nematodes in the whole fluorescent points every day, study ginseng polysaccharide on polymers glutamine aggregation inhibition.Finally the solid life of two C.elegans were studied.Results The survival rate of ASH neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans HA759 of control group after 3 days culture was 53%.which of Ginseng group was 64% (P<0.05).The fluorescence of 48~96h aggregation points in Caenorhabditis elegans AM141 of control group were(6 ±1), (27 ±2), (56 ±4), which of Ginseng group were (4 ±1) in 48 h, (20 ±3) in 72 h and (45 ±2) in 96 h, the differences between two groups were all significant(P <0.05).The average survival time of Caenorhabditis elegans AM141 of control group was (23 ±2)days, which of Ginseng group was (27 ±2)days;average survival time of Caenorhabditis elegans HA759 of control group was (24 ±2)days, which of Ginseng group was (27 ±2)days,the difterences were all signiyicant(P<0.05).Conclusion Ginseng polysaccharides can not only prolong the lifespan of the C.elegans, but also can restrain polyQ gathered and ease the polyQ neurotoxicity associated with aging.
ABSTRACT
This article was aimed to study the inhibitory effect of ginseng polysaccharide injection on tumor growth a-mong ICR mice after inoculation of S180 cells, and its immune mechanism as well as its synergic effect in reducing toxicity of cytoxan (CTX). The experiment was carried out in ICR mice after inoculation of S180 cells. The mice were randomly divided into the model group, the control group, the CTX group, and the drug combination group. After 10 days of medication, the inhibition of tumor growth, WBC, thymus index and spleen index were measured in mice dur-ing the experiment. The immunodepressed mice model was induced by CTX. Effects of ginseng polysaccharide injec-tion on serum hemolysin and monomuclear macrophage phagocytosis were evaluated. The results showed that the com-bination of ginseng polysaccharide injection and CTX can significantly increase the tumor inhibiting rate. It can also reduce the side effect and toxicity of CTX, which may improve the immunosuppression induced by CTX. It was con-cluded that ginseng polysaccharide injection can increase the therapeutic effects and reduce the toxicity of CTX.
ABSTRACT
Objective To extract the Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake (PTM)and polysaccharide of Lentinus edodes (PLE)from gingeng, tricholoma matsutake and lentinus edodes respectively,and to analyze and identify their structures,and to prepare their complex,and to study the indirect antitumor activity invitro of polysaccharide complex.Methods The polysaccharides were extracted with hot water and precipitated by ethanol.The carbohydrate levels were determined by the method of phenol-sulfuric acid.The m-hydroxyphenyl method was used to determine the levels of uronic acid, and the national standard method was used to determine the levels of starch.Infrared spectroscope and chemical methods were performed to analyze their structures. Orthogonal experiment was used to study mixing methods. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte experiment and LDH release assay were performed to detect the influence of polysaccharide complex of GPS,PTM,and PLE in the CTL killing activity,and its indirect killing effect on the P815 cells.Results The extraction rates of GPS,PTM, and PLE were 8.85%,9.40%,and 10.50%;the levels of total polysaccharides were 62.96%,59.13%,and 33.86%;the levels of uronic acid were 16.44%,9.37%,and 16.44%;the starch levels were 7.26%,2.80%,and 3.77%,respectively.The identification results showed that the polysaccharides were obstrained.When the quality ratio of the three kinds of polysaccharides was 1∶1∶1 and the concentration was 600 mg·L-1 ,the CTL cytotoxicity was the highest.Conclusion The polysaccharide complex is obtained,identified and characterized. Polysaccharide complex can enhance the cytotoxicity of CTL and has the indirectly inhibitory effect on the proliferation of P815 cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective To extract,isolate and identify the polysaccharide from ginseng,and to investigate its anti-tumor activity in vitro. Methods The ginseng polysaccharide was obtained through water extraction and ethyl alcohol deposition method. Use the Sevage method to remove the protein in the crude polysaccharide. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharide were determined by FT-IR spectra.The RM-1 and HeLa cells were divided into control group and different concentrations (0,50,100,200,300,400 and 500 mg·L-1 )of ginseng polysaccharide groups. The survival rates of the cells in various groups were detected by MTT method. The indirect killing effects of ginseng polysaccharide with different concentrations (0,50,100,200,300,400 and 500 mg·L-1 )on the cancer cells were determined by CTL test. Results The extraction rate of ginseng polysaccharide was 8.7 6% and the structural characteristics demonstrated that the main component of the extract was polysaccharide.The result of MTT showed that there were no significant differences of the survival rates of RM-1 and HeLa cells between different concentrations of ginseng polysaccharide groups after treated for 24 h compared with control group (P>0.05).The result of CTL test showed that the cytototic LHD release rates in different concentrations of ginseng polysaccharide groups were increased significantly (P<0.05)compared with control group;with the increase of ginseng polysaccharide concentration, the cytotoxic LDH release rates were increased firstly and then were decreased.When the concentration of ginseng polysaccharide was 100 mg·L-1 ,the cytotoxic LDH release rate was the biggest.Conclusion Ginseng polysaccharide can indirectly inhibit the growth of the tumor cells by activating T cells and play an anti-tumor effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of ginseng polysaccharide on the gene expression profile of human erythroleukemia K562 cells cultured in vitro. Methods: The total RNAs treated with ginseng polysaccharide for 48 h were extracted from both K562 cells and the control K562 cells. All the RNAs were purified into mRNA and then convened to double-stranded cDNAs by reverse transcription. The cDNAs were labeled with a fluorescence dye Cy3 or Cy5 and hybridized to a Illumina whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray. The change in the gene expression profile of K562 cells following treatment with ginseng polysaccharide was analyzed by using bioinformatics. Results: A total of 306 differential genes were found. Of which 220 were up-regulated and 86 were down-regulated. Their biologic function was classified. Conclusion: Tumor cell differentiation is multiple genes comprehensive results, the screening of the genes may be meaningful for understanding tumorigenesis, tumor development, reverse polarization, and finding potential drug targets.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of Ginseng polysaccharide injection in chemotherapy for patients with rectal cancer.METHODS:A total of eighty-five patients with rectal cancer were divided into treatment group(n=43 cases)and control group(n=42 cases):the patients in the treatment group were given ginseng polysaccharide injection(30 mg?d-1)via intravenous drip plus routine chemotherapy,and the patients in control group were given routine chemotherapy only.RESULTS:There were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in the karnofsky scores for evaluation of life quality,62.8%(27/43)vs.38.1%(16/42)scored more than 70(P0.05),but the incidence of nausea and vomi-ting at above Ⅱ degree was lower in the treatment group than in the control group [20.9%(9/43)vs.42.9%(18/42),P
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the mobilizable effect of ginseng polysaccharide(GPS)on murine hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells and provide experimental evidences for mobilizable preparation of hematopoietic stem cell from plant polysaccharide.Methods:The changes of the numbers of WBC and MNC,the percentage of CD34+ cell and the yields of CFU-Mix in peripheral blood were examined by means of WBC and MNC counts,immunocytochemistry,flow cytometry and hematopoietic cell culture in vitro.Results:4 hours after injection of GPS into mice with a dosage of 2 mg/kg,the numbers of WBC and MNC reached the maximum,which were 3 times and 3.5 times that of the NS group respectively.The percentage of CD34+ cell and the yields of CFU-Mix in vitro in peripheral blood(0.0079?0.0011 and(25.0?9.1)cfu/2?105MNC respectively)after the mobilization by GPS were obviously higher than those of the NS group.The effect of mobilization by combination of GPS and G-CSF was much better than that mobilized by single administration of GPS.Conclusion:GPS alone or in combination with G-CSF could significantly mobilize murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the hematopoietic reconstruction for bone marrow depression mice with mobilized peripheral blood stem/proginiter cells by ginseng polysaccharide.Methods: Establish hematopoiesis failure model of mouse and transplant murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells mobilized by GPS.To observe the survival time,WBC,the weight of spleen,the number of CFU-S of recipient mice and chromosome chimerism.Results: After PBMNCs(1?105)mobilized by GPS from mice(male) were injected to the lethality irradiated mice,it can reduce the time of WBC recovery obviously;prolong the time of murine survival,increase the number of WBC of the recipient mice;it can also increase the number of CFU-S,the weight of spleen;Evaluating the Y chromosome by PCR,the result showed that 581bp Y chromosome sequence was examined in peripheral blood of the recipient mice.Conclusion: There are a lot of hematopoietic stem/ proginiter cells in peripheral blood of the mice mobilized by GPS,so it can obviously reconstruct the hematopoiesis of the bone marrow depression mice by transplantation.
ABSTRACT
Rabbits were sensitized by Ginseng polysaccharide then the serum of the rabbits was collected and tested for the cytotoxity activity. The cytotoxic experiment in vitro revealed that the serum has cytotoxity in various degrees against maligant tumor cell lines of human and murine. The partly separated and purified immuned serum was injected into the Ehrlich 180 solid tumors of BALB/C mice. The fascinating hemorrhagic necrosis were find in the solid tumor. The bio-logical and physical feature of purified immuned serum were also analysed. The results indicate that the Ginseng polysaccharide can induce the endogenous production of TNF. The rabbit TNF was stable at 56℃ 30min. This results provided a reliable theoretic basis for the application of Ginseng polysaccharide in anti - tumor treatment.
ABSTRACT
Krestin polysaccharide(KPS) and Panax ginseng polysaccharide(PPS) could signifcantly increase the level of intracellular cAMP(P0.05) ; the migration was also significantly inhibited (P