Intentional replantation for the treatment of a double-rooted maxillary lateral incisor with periodontal-endodontic lesions: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of severe combined periodontal-endodontic lesions in a double-rooted maxillary lateral incisor with a palatal radicular groove and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods@#A patient with a double-rooted left maxillary lateral incisor with a palatal radicular groove and severe combined periodontal-endodontic lesions underwent complete root canal therapy and intentional replantation, and a retrospective analysis of the management of this type of patient was performed based on the literature.@*Results@#The 3-year follow-up examination revealed no discomfort, good healing of the upper left lateral incisor, no pathological loosening, and a palatal gingival sulcus was found at a depth of approximately 1 mm. Review of the literature showed that the prognosis of the affected tooth and the choice of treatment plan were correlated with the length and depth of extension of the lingual groove toward the root, the periodontal condition and the pulpal status of the affected tooth. For minor PRGs or for affected teeth with no loss of pulpal viability, flap surgery and odontoplasty can be used to avoid endodontic treatment or retreatment. For deep or long lingual grooves that result in significant loss of periodontal tissue, endodontic treatment, odontoplasty, or closure of the grooves and guided tissue regeneration are needed. In the case of PRGs with double root formation, the affected tooth can be preserved via root canal therapy, removal of the small root and filling with apical restorative material, and intentional replantation.@*Conclusion@#In cases of severe combined periodontal-endodontic lesions due to palatal radicular grooves occurring in double-rooted maxillary lateral incisors, clinical presentation and imaging can prevent missed diagnoses, and appropriate treatment should be based on the length and depth of lingual grooves extending toward the roots, periodontal conditions, and pulpal status of the affected teeth.

Effects of groove negative pressure drainage on the short-term prognosis of patients undergoing transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To explore the impacts of groove negative pressure drainage on the short-term prognosis of patients with transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty. 【Methods】 A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 78 patients who underwent transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty during May 2021 and Apr.2022, including 42 patients in the groove negative pressure drainage group (experimental group) and 38 in the rubber strip drainage group (control group). The postoperative drainage volume, rate of scrotal edema, rate of infection, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and maximum urine flow rate were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a longer length of incision [ (12.9±1.6)cm vs. (12.1±1.5)cm, P=0.041] and larger drainage volume 3 days after surgery [(66.1±51.9)mL vs. (36.0±16.9)mL, P=0.001] , but lower rate of scrotal edema (21.4% vs.47.2%, P=0.016) and lower VAS score (3.2±1.0 vs.3.9±1.1, P=0.008). There were no significant differences in the infection rate 7 days after surgery and the maximum urine flow rate 1 month after surgery (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Groove negative pressure drainage can be used to drain the effusion of perineum tissue adequately and decrease wound-specific complications, which is beneficial to the rapid recovery after transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty.

Multi-disciplinary treatment of severe palatal radicular groove of maxillary lateral incisor: A case report and literature review / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Palatal radicular groove is a developmental malformation of maxillary incisors, lateral incisors in particular, which often causes periodontal destruction. This paper reports a case of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions induced by palatal radicular groove, which was initially misdiagnosed as a simple periapical cyst. After root canal therapy and periapical cyst curettage, the course of disease was prolonged, resulting in the absence of buccal and maxillary bone plates in the affected tooth area. After the etiology was determined, the affected tooth was extracted and guide bone tissue regeneration was performed at the same time, followed by implantation and restoration at the later stage, leading to clinical cure. The palatal radicular groove is highly occult, and the clinical symptoms are not typical. If the abscess of the maxillary lateral incisor occurs repeatedly, and the abscess of the maxillary lateral incisor has not been cured after periodontal and root canal treatment, cone-beam computed tomographic and periodontal flap surgery should be considered.

Molecular dynamics simulation reveals DNA-specific recognition mechanism via c-Myb in pseudo-palindromic consensus of mim-1 promoter / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

This study aims to gain insight into the DNA-specific recognition mechanism of c-Myb transcription factor during the regulation of cell early differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we chose the chicken myeloid gene, mitochondrial import protein 1 (mim-1), as a target to study the binding specificity between potential dual-Myb-binding sites. The c-Myb-binding site in mim-1 is a pseudo-palindromic sequence AACGGTT, which contains two AACNG consensuses. Simulation studies in different biological scenarios revealed that c-Myb binding with mim-1 in the forward strand (complex F) ismore stable than that inthereverse strand (complex R). The principal component analysis (PCA) dynamics trajectory analyses suggested an opening motion of the recognition helices of R2 and R3 (R2R3), resulting in the dissociation of DNA from c-Myb in complex R at 330 K, triggered by the reduced electrostatic potential on the surface of R2R3. Furthermore, the DNA confirmation and hydrogen-bond interaction analyses indicated that the major groove width of DNA increased in complex R, which affected on the hydrogen-bond formation ability between R2R3 and DNA, and directly resulted in the dissociation of DNA from R2R3. The steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation studies also suggested that the electrostatic potential, major groove width, and hydrogen bonds made major contribution to the DNA‍-specific recognition. In vitro trials confirmed the simulation results that c-Myb specifically bound to mim-1 in the forward strand. This study indicates that the three-dimensional (3D) structure features play an important role in the DNA-specific recognition mechanism by c-Myb besides the AACNG consensuses, which is beneficial to understanding the cell early differentiation and proliferation regulated by c-Myb, as well as the prediction of novel c-Myb-binding motifs in tumorigenesis.

Age-dependent differences of the depth of olfactory fossa in children

Abstract Objective: With this radio-anatomical study, we aimed to describe the distribution of the depth of the olfactory fossa based on the Keros classification in the pediatric population in our region and to reduce complication rates by providing normative data. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted with computed tomography imaging of the paranasal sinuses of 390 pediatric patients referred over a six-year period in Sakarya and Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine. Patients were divided into 3 groups as 1-6, 6-12, and 12-18 years old. The depth of the olfactory fossa was measured and classified according to the Keros classification. The incidence of Keros asymmetries was also investigated. Results: The distribution of the depth of a total of 780 olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification was 24.7% Keros I, 65.9% Keros II, and 9.4% Keros III. When the groups were evaluated with each other and within each group, it was seen that the prevalence of Keros I type was significantly higher in the first group (p < 0.05), and the prevalence of Keros type II was significantly higher in the second and third groups (p < 0.05). Apart from this, the number of Keros type III increased in the third group compared to the first two groups and showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Among all patients, asymmetry of the olfactory fossa was detected in 29 patients (7.4%). Although the number of olfactory fossa asymmetry was low in group I, it was not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, high Keros I rate and low Keros III rate in children aged -6 were remarkable. Especially for children under the age of six, questions arise about the validity of the Keros classification. More detailed studies in larger populations, in different ethnicities, and with various age groups are needed. Level of evidence: Level 3.

Bilateral Groove Sign in Lepromatous Leprosy with Type 2 Lepra Reaction – An Uncommon Presentation

A 35-year-old male patient presented with tingling and numbness over both extremities, skin lesions and buboes in bilateral inguinal region with the classical “sign of groove”. Biopsy from the skin lesion as well as the lymph node aspirate was consistent with lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum (type 2 lepra reaction). This case report highlights the interesting observation of the “groove sign” with leprosy, as a result of lymph node involvement of inguino-femoral region

Pigmented transverse nasal band: A review

Pigmented transverse nasal band/groove is an asymptomatic benign condition, characterized by the development of erythematous to hyperpigmented, well-demarcated, transverse groove at the junction of middle and lower two-third of the nasal dorsum. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, embryologic origin seems to be the most plausible hypothesis. This condition is often associated other related dermatological conditions such as milia, comedones, seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Diagnosis is mostly clinical, while reassurance is the mainstay of therapy. In persistent cases, topical retinoids have been used. In this article, we have reviewed the different aspects of this condition including treatment, along with the recent updates to create awareness about this dermatological entity

Internal acoustic opening: different osseous landmarks and their clinical implications / Poro acústico interno: diferentes hitos óseos y sus implicaciones clínicas

SUMMARY: Internal acoustic opening is a space that opens to facies posterior of the petrous piece of temporal bone that goes inside facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, intermedial nevre and labyrinthine artery. The purpose of this study is the assessment of internal acoustic opening from a morphometric perspective, determination of the shape of the hole and determination of the distance to some important anatomic formations. This study is conducted on 166 temporal bones with unknown sex formation which are part of the skull collection in NEU and KTO Karatay University, Anatomy Department. In this study, the vertical and diameter of internal acoustic meatus, its distance to the bottom and top sides of posterior surface of the petrous part, its distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus and its distance to apex were measured. Moreover, in this study internal acoustic opening spaces are categorized into six groups as round, oval, U-shaped, fissure, irregular and V shape. Digital caliper was used for internal acoustic meatus measurements. While the vertical horizontal diameters and distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus of internal acoustic opening on the right side are 4.12 mm, 6.83 mm and 19.64mm respectively, they are 4.56 mm, 7.10 mm and 21.06 mm on the left side respectively. We have observed in this study, 37.3 % of the internal acoustic opening as round, 34.3 % as oval, 6.6 % as U-shaped, 6.6 % as fissure, 12.7 % as irregular and 2.4 % as V-shaped. We believe that these measurements can provide guidance and help in surgical procedures.

RESUMEN: El poro acústico interno es un espacio que se abre en la cara posterior de la parte petrosa del hueso temporal, donde entran los nervios facial, intermedio y vestibulococlear, además de la arteria laberíntica. El propósito de este estudio fue la evaluación del poro acústico interno desde una perspectiva morfométrica, determinación de la forma del foramen y de la distancia a algunas formaciones anatómicas importantes. Este estudio se realizó en 166 huesos temporales de individuos de sexo desconocido que forman parte de la colección de cráneos del Departamento de Anatomía en NEU y KTO, Universidad de Karatay, Se midió la altura vertical y el diámetro del poro acústico interno, su distancia a los lados inferior y superior de la superficie posterior de la parte petrosa, su distancia al surco del seno sagital superior y su distancia al vértice. Además, el poro acústico interno se clasificó en seis grupos: redondos, ovalados, en forma de U, de fisura, irregulares y en forma de V. Se utilizó un calibrador digital para las mediciones del meato acústico interno. Mientras que los diámetros horizontales, verticales y la distancia al surco para el seno sagital superior del poro acústico interno en el lado derecho fue de 4,12 mm, 6,83 mm y 19,64 mm respectivamente, en el lado izquiedo fue de 4,56 mm, 7,10 mm y 21,06 mm, respectivamente. Hemos observado que en el 37,3 % de los casos el poro acústico interno era redondo, el 34,3 % ovalado, el 6,6 % en forma de U, el 6,6 % de fisura, el 12,7 % irregular y el 2,4 % en forma de V. Estas medidas pueden servir de guía y ayuda en los procedimientos quirúrgicos.

Efficacy of orbital fat pedicle on correcting eyebags with tear trough and palpebromalar groove deformity / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical experience of using orbital fat pedicle to correct eyebags with the tear trough and palpebromalar groove deformity.Methods:From February 2020 to May 2021, 35 patients with lower blepharoplasty combined with orbital fat-release were treated in the Facial and Neck Plastic Surgery Center of the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, including 4 males and 31 females. Their age ranged from 35 to 63 years, with an average age of 47.5 years. Different degrees of lower eyelid skin laxity, orbital fat herniation, moderate and severe tear trough, palpebromalar groove deformity were observed in all patients. Preoperative examination showed no symptoms such as lower eyelid ectropion and lower eyelid retreat ment. All 35 patients were treated with transcutaneous incision blepharoplasty, in which the orbital septal fat was released, pulled downward and internally fixed to the appropriate position to fill the tear trough and palpebromalar groove.Results:All patients obtained primary healing, no complications such as hematoma, and infection occured. Postoperative follow-up lasted from 3 to 18 months, with an average of 8.6 months. 35 patients′ eye bags with tear trough and palpebromalar groove deformity were obviously alleviated. Unilateral mild eye bag remained in 2 patients in postoperative 1 month, and 2 cases appeared mild lower eyelid ectropion postoperatively, none of these patients received special treatment and recovered after 3 months.Conclusions:Lower blepharoplasty combined with orbital fat release can effectively repair eye bags and correct tear trough and palpebromalar groove deformity.

Clinical application of orbital ligament disruption combined with orbital septum fat release in improving facial aging / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the middle facial rejuvenation by cutting off the tear trough ligament and the orbicularis retaining ligament complex, opening the soft tissue spaces, combined with the lower eyelid muscle flap lateral canthus periosteum suspension and the orbital septum fat release.Methods:The clinical data of 39 patients with pouch and lacrimal groove, eyelid buccal groove depression in the Department of Cosmetic Surgery, Chongqing Chengshang Medical Beauty Clinic from June 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 2 males and 37 females, aged 30-58 (39±7) years. Through the incision of lower eyelid margin, the tear trough ligament and the orbicularis retaining ligament were completely severed. Up on the periosteum blunt, the preseptal, premaxillary and the prezygomatic spaces were dissected, and thus the fat of orbital diaphragmatic was fully expanded, by moving down and fixing on the inside, midside and outside periosteum of the inferior edge of the orbital bone. The lower eyelid muscle flap was suspended on the lateral canthus periosteum at the same time.Results:The patients were followed up for 12 months, the pouch, lacrimal groove and eyelid buccal groove depression were solved, the ptosis tissue of middle face was restored well and the effect was lasting. 3 patients felt the external eye angle traction after operation, and the symptoms disappeared 3-4 weeks later. 1 patient had mild eyelid ball separation due to hematoma organization after operation, and symptoms disappeared 3 months after anti scar treatment.Conclusions:For patients with pouch, lacrimal groove depression, eyelid buccal groove depression and midface tissue ptosis, the operation can safely and effectively solve the above problems and achieve the purpose of rejuvenation of the middle face, which is worthy of clinical application.

Diferentes técnicas para colocação de enxerto de extensão caudal em rinoplastia / Different techniques for caudal extension graft placement in rhinoplasty

Resumo Introdução: O enxerto de extensão caudal é geralmente um enxerto de cartilagem que se sobrepõe à margem caudal do septo nasal. Uma combinação do enxerto de extensão caudal e a técnica de tongue-in-groove é usada para estabilizar a base nasal, definir a projeção da ponta e refinar a relação alar-columelar. Objetivo: Apresentar algumas novas modificações na colocação dos enxertos de extensão caudal na rinoplastia. Método: Revisão retrospectiva de um banco de dados prospectivamente coletado de 965 pacientes que se submeteram a rinosseptoplastia de junho de 2011 a julho de 2015. Desses, 457 pacientes necessitaram de enxerto de extensão caudal e foram incluídos no estudo. O seguimento mínimo foi de 13,2 meses, com tempo médio de seguimento de 17,4 meses. Resultados: Na maioria dos casos, a comparação das fotografias antes e após a cirurgia foi satisfatória e apresentou melhora do contorno. Pequenas deformidades foram detectadas em 41 pacientes e 11 pacientes necessitaram de cirurgia de revisão. Conclusão: Com essas modificações, o cirurgião pode usar o enxerto de extensão caudal mesmo em desvios angulares do septo caudal. Vários métodos têm sido propostos para correção do desvio septo-caudal.

Clinical application of autologous nanofat combined with pearl fat transplantation in comprehensive improvementof lacrimal groove depression / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of autologous nanofat combined with pearl fat transplantation in comprehensive improvement of lacrimal groove depression.Methods:Seventy-eight patients (age ranges from 28 to 56 years, with average 38 years) who desired for lacrimal groove improvement were involved in this study from Jan. 2019 to Jun. 2020 in the Department of Plastic Surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Primary fat tissue was obtained and purified by liposuction. Nanofat and pearl fat were prepared and injected into lacrimal groove area in different layers and multiple points evenly to ameliorate depression. Visual analogue scoring (VAS) was used for evaluating injection pain. Dark eye circles, faint lines on lower eyelid, color spots and lacrimal groove depression between pre-operation pictures and post-operation pictures of 1 year follow-up were evaluated by patients＇ satisfaction scores.Results:All 78 patients revealed mild swelling and disappeared in 3 to 4 days. Injection areas were stable in 3 months. All patients appeared no complications such as infection, hematoma, fat liquefaction, local induration and so on. Among 78 patients, 2 patients showed ecchymosis after surgery which disappeared in 10 days, and 1 patient showed uneven appearance which disappeared after timely treatment. After 1 year of follow-up, the average satisfaction score of improvement was 8.9±0.5, which showed satisfied post-operative effect.Conclusions:Autologous nanofat combined with pearl fat transplantation has high feasibility, short operation time, which could achieve good effect of facial rejuvenation with high patients＇ satisfaction. In this case, this technique is worthy of clinical promotion.

Luxación recidivante de tendones peroneos. Técnica mínimamente invasiva para la profundización del surco / Recurrent dislocation of peroneal tendons. Minimally invasive technique for the deepening of the groove

Resumen: Introducción: Desde las publicaciones de William Clancy en 1979 y las de Richard Ferkel en 1997, la técnica de profundización del surco en pacientes con luxación crónica de los peroneos ha sido ampliamente utilizada, obteniendo resultados muy satisfactorios y escasas complicaciones. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir una nueva técnica de profundización del surco mínimamente invasiva con fresas y un motor específico de cirugía percutánea, sin osteotomía y sin dejar lecho cruento del peroné, además de evaluar los resultados clínicos e imagenológicos en cinco pacientes operados con esta técnica. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de cinco pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y de imágenes de luxación crónica de tendones peroneos intervenidos con técnica mínimamente invasiva, la cual ya fue descrita. Los resultados fueron evaluados mediante el score AOFAS (por sus siglas en inglés American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score) de manera pre y postquirúrgica y a través de imágenes (ecografía dinámica, tomografía axial computada y resonancia magnética nuclear). Resultados: Ninguno de los pacientes tratados presentó recidiva de luxación ni dolor al momento de la evaluación. El score AOFAS mejoró en promedio 25.5 puntos y fue estadísticamente significativo (p < 0.001). En las imágenes observamos una concavidad del surco en todos los casos evaluados. Conclusiones: Creemos que esta técnica mínimamente invasiva de profundización del surco de los peroneos es reproducible y presenta tiempos operatorios reducidos, comparada con la cirugía a cielo abierto; además tiene excelentes resultados. Por tales motivos, consideramos que se trata de una alternativa de tratamiento poco invasiva para la luxación de los tendones peroneos.

Abstract: Introduction: Since William Clancy (1979) and Richard Ferkel (1997) publications, the technique of peroneal groove deepening in patients with chronic dislocation, has been used with very satisfactory results and few complications. The aim of the present study is to describe a new minimally invasive technique of peroneal groove deepening with burs and specific percutaneous surgery instrumentation and without fibula osteotomy; and to evaluate the clinical and imaging results, in 5 patients operated with this technique. Material and methods: A retrospective study of 5 patients with clinical and imaging diagnosis of chronic dislocation of peroneal tendons. They were treated with minimally invasive technique. This technique was described in this paper. Results were evaluated by preoperative and postoperative AOFAS score and by images (dynamic ultrasound, TAC and RMN). Results: None of the treated patients presented dislocation recurrence or pain at the time of evaluation. The AOFAS score improved an average of 25.5 points and was statistically significant (p value< 0.001). In the images we observed a concavity of the groove in all the evaluated cases. Conclusions: This minimally invasive technique of deepening the groove of the peroneal tendons is reproducible, has reduced operating times compared to open surgery and has excellent results. This is a noninvasive treatment alternative for dislocation of peroneal tendons.

Phacoemulsification in posterior polar cataract: Experience from a tertiary eye care Centre in North India

Purpose: To determine the rate of posterior capsular rupture (PCR) and assess the postoperative outcomes in patients of posterior polar cataract (PPC) undergoing phacoemulsification using a combination of 揤� or �� nucleofractis and viscodissection. Methods: It was a retrospective study of 80 eyes of 64 patients undergoing surgery for PPC. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. After completion of the continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC), controlled hydrodelineation was used to separate the endonucleus from the epinuclear shell with limited viscodissection. Phacoemulsification was then carried out by making a 揤� or lambda-shaped nucleofractis with the phaco tip followed by multiple chopping of the nucleus, ensuring the integrity of the epinuclear part of the lens. The epinuclear plate was removed after viscodissection. Results: The overall rate of PCR was 7.5% (6 out of 80 eyes). Of the 6 eyes, 4 eyes had been documented to have a pre-existing posterior capsular defect on slit-lamp examination. The rate of 搊n table� PCR, that is, PCR occurring intraoperatively was only 2.6% (2 of 76 eyes). Nucleus drop was not encountered in any case. Overall 87.5% eyes achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better with 68.75% being 20/20 or better. Of the eyes developing PCR, two-third achieved a visual acuity of 20/30 or better. Conclusion: Using a combination of surgical techniques of V groove or lambda technique for nucleofractis and removal of epinucleus by viscodissection can result in a low rate of PCR and extremely good postoperative outcomes in cases of PPC.

Anaesthesia effect of ropivacaine in different concentrations on intermuscular sulcus brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To explore the anesthetic effect of different concentrations of ropivacaine in intramuscular sulcus brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance.@*Methods@#From April 2016 to April 2018, 120 patients with upper limb orthopedic surgery who received muscle under the ditch brachial plexus block guided by ultrasound in Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into group A (40 cases, application of 0.375% ropivacaine), group B (40 cases, application of 0.50% ropivacaine), group C (40 cases, application of 0.75% ropivacaine). The anesthetic effect, onset time of sensory block, onset time of motion block, duration of analgesia, recovery time of motion block, serum troponin level, creatine kinase isozyme level and incidence of adverse reactions in the three groups were compared.@*Results@#The excellent and good anesthesia rate of group A, group B and group C was 100.00%, and there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). The onset time of sensory block[(5.29±1.32)min], the onset time of motion block[(7.42±1.36)min] in group C were shorter than those in group A[(9.32±1.52)min, (13.32±2.46)min] and group B[(7.89±1.63)min, (9.12±2.20)min](F=4.652, 6.365, all P<0.05). The analgesic duration in group C[(10.71±1.52)h] was longer than that in group A[(6.89±2.23)h] and group B[(8.69±2.12)h](F=5.120, P<0.05), but the recovery time of motion block in group C was longer than that in group A and group B (P<0.05). The serum troponin level and creatine kinase isozyme level at 24 h after injection in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B(P<0.05), and the serum troponin level and creatine kinase isozyme level in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.05). With the increase of concentration, the incidence of adverse reactions gradually increased, but there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#With the increase of ropivacaine concentration, the onset time of anesthesia is shorter and the analgesic time is longer, but the incidence of adverse reactions is also higher.In a comprehensive consideration, 0.50% ropivacaine can be applied to patients with intermuscular sulcus brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance.

Cone-beam computed tomography study of C-shaped root canal of mandibular premolars / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the incidence and morphology of C-shaped root canals in mandibular premolars by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, which provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods @#The CBCT scanning data of 964 mandibular first premolars and 907 mandibular second premolars in 508 cases were collected, and the root canal morphology, incidence of C-shaped root canals, bilateral symmetry and location of radicular grooves were analyzed.@*Results@#The incidence of C-shaped root canals in mandibular first premolars was 4.1% and that in mandibular second premolars was 0.6%. The incidence of C-shaped root canals of mandibular first premolars was significantly higher than that of mandibular second premolars (χ2=25.775, P < 0.001). The symmetrical ratio of C-shaped root canals in the mandibular first premolars was 29%. There were no symmetrical C-shaped root canals in the mandibular second premolars. There were significant differences in the distribution of the C-shaped root canal configuration in the root canal (P < 0.001). The C-shaped configuration mainly existed in the middle axial and apical level of the mandibular premolars. The C2 type was more common. No C-shape was found in the coronal level of the mandibular premolars. Vertucci I single tube type was the most common type of root canal for the mandibular premolars included in this study; the incidences were 81.7% and 98.3% for the mandibular first and second premolars, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=140.544, P < 0.001). The other root canal types of mandibular first premolars were more than those of mandibular second premolars. The incidences of Vertucci Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ and C-shaped root canals in mandibular first premolars were significantly higher than those in mandibular second premolars. C-shaped root canal mandibular premolars had radicular grooves, and most of them were located at the mesiolingual side.@*Conclusion@# The morphology of the C-shaped root canal in mandibular premolars was complicated. CBCT can provide direct and accurate imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Study Of Pattern Of Distribution Of Mylohyoid Bridging And Their Clinical Implications

Background: The occurrence of mylohyoid bridges in mandible resulting compression of inferior alveolar andmylohyoid nerves, and vessels, is important cause of neuropathy in this region.Aim and objective: The present study was aimed at analyzing influence of sex and laterality in the occurrence ofmylohyoid bridging in Indian population, and establishing a clue to the underlying causes of paraesthesia ofidiopathic origin, in the territory of inferior alveolar and mylohyoid nerves.Methods: We studied 300 human mandibles (141 female and 159 male) for location and degree of mylohyoidbridging.Results: We found mylohyoid bridges in 15.66% mandibles. The proximal bridging was found more frequentlythan the distal bridging. The mylohyoid bridges were found in 7.8% female and 13.2% in male mandibles studied.We found mylohyoid bridges on 5% on right side and 5.66% on the left side, bilateral bridging was found in 5.33%mandibles.Conclusion: The frequency of occurrence of mylohyoid bridging was higher in male; however, laterality was not tobe significant amongst the mandibles studied. The location and degree of mylohyoid bridging are one of theimportant etiological factors of paraesthesia in the region of inferior alveolar and mylohyoid nerves distribution.

Relationship Of Great Cardiac Vein In The Triangle Of Brocq And Mouchet- A Corrosion Cast Study

Background: The triangle of Brocq and Mouchet is an arteriovenous triangle between the anterior interventricularartery, circumflex artery and the great cardiac vein. The vascular triangle has been classified into 4 types viz.closed, superiorly opened, inferiorly opened and completely opened or absent. Polyurethane foam is a newmaterial used in corrosion casting. It is economical, easy to carry out and does not require special apparatus.Context and purpose of the study:a) To study the relationship of the Great cardiac vein (GCV) in the triangle of Brocq and Mouchet in human heartsusing PU foam for corrosion cast.b) To study the relationship of GCV in relation to the arteries forming the triangle.Results: The triangle was present in 98% of the hearts. Relationship of GCV in triangle of Brocq and Mouchet:Inferiorly open type of Triangle was the most common (87.5%). Next common type was, closed type (6.7%). Inrelation to GCV relation with the arteries in the triangle, it was to the left of AIA in 87.51% and crosses circumflexartery, either superficially or deep.The GCV crossing anterior interventricular artery was found in few specimens. It crossed the artery superficiallyor deeply. The intertwining type of variation was observed in few casts, and could not be placed under anyclassification as suggested by previous authors.Conclusion: The topography of the Great cardiac vein and its variations are significant in relation to the arteriesin the region. It is relevant in interventional cardiology, radiology, and catheter-based procedures.

Study Of Variations In Muscular Branches Of Radial Nerve In Axilla And Posterior Compartment Of Arm

Background: Radial nerve originates from posterior cord of brachial plexus at axilla. It supplies extensor musclesof upper limb.Objectives: To know the variations in muscular branches of radial nerve in axilla and posterior compartment ofarm.Methods: Dissection was done on 44 upper limbs from embalmed cadavers and 6 upper limbs from embalmeddead fetuses in the Department of Anatomy, J J M Medical College, Davangere. Dissection of Radial nerve and itsbranches in the axilla and posterior compartment of the arm was carried out according to Cunningham’s manualof practical anatomy.Results: The site of origin of nerve to long head of tricep (N-LHT) was axilla in 48 specimens (96%) and lowertriangular space( LTS) in 2 specimens (4%). The site of origin of nerve to lateral head of tricep( N-LTHT) was radialgroove(RG) in 49 specimens (98%) and lower triangular space(LTS) in 1 specimens (2%). The site of origin ofnerve to medial head of tricep -ulnar collateral nerve(UCN) was axilla in 38 specimens (76%) and lower triangularspace(LTS) in 12 specimens (24%). The site of origin of nerve to medial head of tricep-nerve to anconeus(NA) wasradial groove(RG) in 49 specimens (98%) and lower triangular space(LTS) in 1 specimens (2%). The additionalbranches to long head of tricep(LHT) was found in 20 specimens (40%). The additional branches to lateral headof tricep( LTHT) was found in 10 specimens (20%). The additional branches to medial head of tricep(MHT) wasfound in 7 specimens (14%).Interpretation and Conclusion: The present study is important for Surgeons, Orthopedicians, and Neurophysiciansas it provides the knowledge of variations in muscular branches of radial nerve in axilla and posteriorcompartment of arm to prevent possible complications.

Stafne bone cavity: a rare cadaveric case report / 대한해부학회지

The Stafne bone cavity (SBC), also called the static bone cavity, salivary inclusion cyst, latent cyst, and lingual bone defect is an asymptomatic bony defect that is commonly located inferior to the mandibular canal and slightly above the inferior border of the mandible. It is rare to see the actual bony defect in the cadaver because of its relatively low incidence of 0.1% to 6.06%. We report a unilateral SBC found in a 76-year-old at death male Caucasian cadaver and involving the right mandible. The SBC was oval in shape with a smooth surface and measured 10.8×6.0 mm. The SBC was continuous with the right mylohyoid groove. Since actual photographs of the SBC are lacking in the literature, this report might provide additional insight for better understanding the SBC.