ABSTRACT
Es necesario profundizar en la investigación pedagógica en las ciencias médicas, a fin de que las publicaciones compilen evidencias científicas y experiencias derivadas del ejercicio docente para crear una didáctica particular que perfeccione el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y siente las bases para el posterior desarrollo de los métodos de trabajo en las profesiones en salud. Es propósito de estos autores comunicar sobre la conformación de un manual de redacción, en cuyas páginas encontrarán los interesados en incursionar en el cambiante mundo de las publicaciones, una guía metodológica detallada que les permitirá mejorar su desempeño durante el proceso de construcción y envío de sus artículos a través de las plataformas de revistas en acceso abierto; además, alerta sobre la ética en la publicación científica y el riesgo de publicar en revistas depredadoras y secuestradoras.
It is necessary to deepen pedagogical research in the medical sciences, so that publications compile scientific evidence and experiences derived from teaching to create a particular didactics that perfects the teaching-learning process and lays the foundations for the subsequent development of teaching methods. work in the health professions. It is the purpose of these authors to communicate about the creation of a writing manual, in whose pages those interested in entering the changing world of publications will find a detailed methodological guide that will allow them to improve their performance during the process of construction and submission of their articles through open access journal platforms; Furthermore, it warns about ethics in scientific publication and the risk of publishing in predatory and kidnapping journals.
Subject(s)
Manuals as Topic , Teaching Materials , Education, Medical , Knowledge ManagementABSTRACT
Fundamento: los contenidos referentes a los temas de investigación experimental en las diferentes especialidades de las ciencias básicas biomédicas son de elevada complejidad, y la literatura relacionada se encuentra de manera dispersa y escasa. Objetivo: diseñar un manual para la preparación en temas de investigación experimental de los residentes de las ciencias básicas biomédicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal desde septiembre-2012 hasta junio-2019 en la Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Se emplearon los métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural y modelación; empírico: análisis documental. Se seleccionaron 11 expertos para la valoración del manual en cuanto a su pertinencia, autenticidad, actualidad, estructura metodológica, cientificidad y posible generalización. Resultados: se diseñó un material de procedimientos que facilita la consulta de los residentes para su preparación en temas de investigación experimental con modelos biológicos. Está conformado por un prólogo, tres capítulos y un acápite para la literatura consultada, en los que la temática es abordada de forma didáctica con actualización de los aspectos conceptuales, teóricos e históricos. Contiene fotografías tomadas por los propios autores y un lenguaje sencillo, que facilitan la comprensión de procedimientos que se adaptan por primera vez a las condiciones de los centros experimentales de Cuba. Conclusiones: el manual diseñado propicia la preparación requerida en temas de investigación experimental en los especialistas en formación, como aspecto significativo en la educación de los residentes de las ciencias básicas biomédicas, acorde con las exigencias de la enseñanza médica superior.
Background: the contents referring to experimental research topics in the different specialties of basic biomedical sciences are highly complex, and the related literature is scattered and scarce. Objective: to design a manual for the training of residents of basic biomedical sciences in experimental research topics. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from September-2012 to June-2019 at the Biomedical Research Unit of Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural and modeling; empirical ones: documentary analysis. Eleven experts were selected to assess the manual in terms of its relevance, authenticity, timeliness, methodological structure, scientificity, and possible generalization. Results: a procedure material was designed that facilitates the consultation of the residents for their training in experimental research topics with biological models. It is made up of a prologue, three chapters and a section for the literature consulted, in which the subject is addressed in a didactic way with updating of the conceptual, theoretical and historical aspects. It contains photographs taken by the authors themselves and simple language, which facilitate the understanding of procedures that are adapted for the first time to the conditions of the experimental centers in Cuba. Conclusions: the designed manual promotes the preparation required in experimental research topics in training specialists, as a meaningful aspect in the education of residents of basic biomedical sciences, in accordance with the requirements of higher medical education.
Subject(s)
Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
Fundamento: es necesario instruir a los docentes sobre la estructura y desarrollo de la clase metodológica instructiva como parte del trabajo metodológico. Objetivo: diseñar un manual para la preparación de los docentes en el desarrollo y estructura de la clase metodológica instructiva. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualicuantitativa en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Facultad de Medicina, curso 2021-2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y recogida de la información. Los resultados de los instrumentos aplicados fueron procesados en análisis porcentuales. Se seleccionaron especialistas para la valoración del manual. Resultados: se constató en la caracterización del claustro una mayor frecuencia de docentes con 6 a 10 años de experiencia y de adquisición de los conocimientos para el desempeño de su labor a través de las preparaciones metodológicas. Predominó la categoría de profesor asistente y buen conocimiento sobre la estructura de la clase metodológica instructiva. Se diseñó un manual dirigido a instruir a los profesores en el desarrollo de la clase metodológica instructiva. Conclusiones: fue valorado con uniformidad de criterios positivos por especialistas con vasta experiencia en la docencia.
Background: it is necessary to instruct teachers on the structure and development of the instructive methodological class as part of the methodological work. Objective: to design a manual for the preparation of teachers in the development and structure of the instructive methodological class. Methods: a qualitative-quantitative research was carried out at the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, academic year 2021-2022. Theoretical and empirical methods were used to support the research and collect information. The results of the applied instruments were processed in percentage analysis. Specialists were selected to assess the manual. Results: in the characterization of the faculty, a higher frequency of teachers with 6 to 10 years of experience and acquisition of knowledge for the performance of their work through methodological preparations was found. The rank of assistant professor and good knowledge about the structure of the instructive methodological class predominated. A manual was designed aimed at instructing teachers in the development of the instructive methodological class. Conclusions: it was evaluated with uniformity of positive criteria by specialists with vast experience in teaching.
Subject(s)
Teaching Materials , Education, Medical , Faculty , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: crear manuales que complementen y faciliten el aprendizaje del estudiante permite cumplir con el encargo social de los docentes como formadores de los futuros profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: valorar el nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes de Medicina sobre el manual digital "Prevención de la Conducta Suicida" como recurso bibliográfico para facilitar el aprendizaje del referido tema en la disciplina integradora Medicina General Integral. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Manzanillo, Granma, en el curso 2018-2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, hipotético-deductivo y hermenéutico-dialéctico; empíricos: cuestionario a estudiantes como usuarios del manual, y para procesar la información se utilizó la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el uso del manual facilitó la comprensión del contenido teórico y el desarrollo de habilidades para detectar riesgos en pacientes con este tipo de conducta, desde la educación en el trabajo en el consultorio médico de familia y otros escenarios docentes por donde los alumnos cumplen su rotación. Conclusiones: los estudiantes expresaron un nivel adecuado de satisfacción en sus respuestas sobre el uso del manual diseñado para los temas de la disciplina Medicina General Integral.
ABSTRACT Background: creating manuals that complement and facilitate student learning allows fulfilling the social mission of teachers as trainers of future health professionals. Objective: to assess the level of satisfaction of medical students on the electronic manual "Prevention of Suicidal Behavior" as a bibliographic resource to facilitate learning of the aforementioned subject in the integrative discipline General Comprehensive Medicine. Methods: a descriptive observational study was carried out in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Manzanillo, Granma, in the 2018-2019 academic year. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, hypothetical-deductive and hermeneutical-dialectical; empirical: questionnaire to students as users of the manual and descriptive statistics were used to process the information. Results: the use of the manual facilitated the understanding of the theoretical content and the development of skills to detect risks in patients with this type of behavior, from the in-service training in the GP's office and other teaching institutions where students fulfill their rotation. Conclusions: the students expressed an adequate level of satisfaction in their answers about the use of the manual designed for the subjects of the comprehensive General Medicine discipline.
Subject(s)
Students , Suicide , Suicide, Attempted , Education, Medical , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: la preparación idiomática, según lo establecido por el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia (MCER), constituye una necesidad de primer orden en el proceso de formación y superación de los futuros profesionales de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de actividades para desarrollar habilidades comunicativas en idioma Inglés en los residentes de Estomatología. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología entre enero 2018-diciembre 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y sistémico-estructural; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta en forma de cuestionario a estudiantes y entrevista a informantes clave. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado demostró la necesidad de diseñar un sistema de actividades que incluye tres folletos: el primero, con actividades para la impartición de clases dirigido a profesores y estudiantes; el segundo, con respuestas a interrogantes y orientaciones metodológicas generales y un set de audiciones auténticas con sus transcripciones; y el tercero, ofrece ayuda a los estudiantes en su estudio individual. Conclusiones: el sistema de actividades diseñado se caracteriza por su flexibilidad y enfoque interdisciplinar, tiene en cuenta el desarrollo de las cuatro habilidades del idioma, las subhabilidades y sus funciones. Fue valorado de forma satisfactoria por los especialistas quienes reconocieron sus adecuadas pertinencia social y pedagógica, estructura lógica, factibilidad, originalidad y valor científico-pedagógico.
ABSTRACT Background: language preparation, as established by the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), constitutes a first order need in the process of training and updating future professionals in the medical sciences. Objective: to design a system of activities to develop communication skills in the English language in Dentistry residents. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dentistry Faculty from January 2018 to December 2019. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural; empirical ones: documentary analysis, survey in the form of a questionnaire to students and interview with key informants. Results: the diagnosis showed the need to design a system of activities that includes three booklets: the first, with activities for teaching classes aimed at teachers and students; the second, with answers to questions and general methodological guidelines and a set of authentic auditions with their transcripts; and the third, offers help to students in their individual study. Conclusions: the designed activity system is characterized by its flexibility and interdisciplinary approach; it takes into account the development of the four language skills, sub skills and their functions. It was satisfactorily evaluated by specialists who recognized its adequate social and pedagogical relevance, logical structure, feasibility, originality and pedagogical-scientific value.
Subject(s)
Students, Dental , Teaching , Health Strategies , Language , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: el desarrollo vertiginoso de la ciencia y la técnica incorpora constantemente nuevos adelantos al quehacer diario del ejercicio médico, lo cual reclama una continua capacitación. Esta necesidad se acentúa cuando se trata de la atención a pacientes graves en el contexto del postoperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular, donde la mayoría son atendidos en unidades de terapia intensiva. Objetivos: diseñar un material docente de apoyo bibliográfico para los temas incluidos en el Módulo 25: Cuidados postoperatorios cardiovasculares en el adulto y el niño, del programa de estudio de tercer año de la residencia de Cardiología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en el Cardiocentro "Ernesto Che Guevara", de Villa Clara, durante diciembre 2017-mayo 2018. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción y sistémico-estructural; empíricos: análisis documental y cuestionario a docentes médicos especialistas; y matemáticos estadísticos para los valores absolutos y relativos. Resultados: la literatura sobre los temas del módulo se encuentra dispersa, es extensa y posee acceso parcialmente limitado, el cuestionario de satisfacción sobre el material diseñado, obtuvo en todas las variables analizadas la categoría 4, lo que avala su actualización, pertinencia, integración, estructura y organización de los contenidos. Conclusiones: el material de apoyo resultó adecuado, con buena aceptación, y se tuvieron en cuenta las recomendaciones emitidas por los especialistas en su elaboración final.
ABSTRACT Background: the vertiginous development of science and technology constantly incorporates new advances to the daily task of medical practice, which calls for continuous training. This need is accentuated when dealing with the care of serious patients in the context of postoperative cardiovascular surgery, where the most of them are treated in intensive care units. Objectives: to design a teaching aid for bibliographic support for the subjects included in Module 25: Cardiovascular post-operative care in adults and children, of the third year study program of the cardiology residency. Methods: a development research was carried out in the "Ernesto Che Guevara" Cardiologic center, in Villa Clara, from December 2017 to 2018. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction and systemic-structural; empirical ones: documentary analysis and questionnaire to specialized medical teachers; and statistical mathematics for absolute and relative values. Results: the literature on the subjects of the module is scattered, it is extensive and has partially limited access, the satisfaction questionnaire on the teaching aid designed, obtained in the entire variables analyzed category 4, which supports its updating, relevance, integration, structure and organization of the contents. Conclusions: the teaching aid was adequate, with good acceptance, and the recommendations issued by the specialists in its final elaboration were taken into account.
Subject(s)
Cardiology , Cardiology Service, Hospital , Education, Medical , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: para el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas en inglés se pueden aprovechar las habilidades adquiridas en la lengua materna y los conocimientos en el campo de la investigación al comunicar sus resultados indagatorios en ese idioma. Objetivo: elaborar un manual con temas de índole sociocultural relacionados con la profesión para desarrollar las habilidades comunicativas e investigativas en las asignaturas del ciclo inglés general de la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante el año 2014. Fueron aplicados métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y el sistémico-estructural; empíricos: análisis documental y bibliográfico, la observación participativa, encuesta en forma de cuestionario a estudiantes y entrevista a informantes clave; y el matemático para los valores absolutos y relativos. La propuesta fue valorada por criterios de especialistas. Resultados: se evidenció un insuficiente desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas y comunicativas en inglés entre los estudiantes. Los documentos revisados corroboraron la posibilidad de fortalecerlas vinculándolas, por lo que se elaboró un manual con temas de índole sociocultural como bibliografía de consulta para los proyectos de investigación en inglés, con vistas a su participación en eventos interculturales. Conclusiones: el manual resultó eficaz por su actualización de los contenidos y por sus fundamentos científico-metodológicos. Constituyó una herramienta útil para guiar a docentes y alumnos en el desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas y comunicativas en inglés.
ABSTRACT Background: for the development of communication skills in English, the skills acquired in the mother tongue and the knowledge in the field of research can be exploited by communicating the researching results in that language. Objective: to elaborate a manual with topics of sociocultural nature related to the profession to develop the communicative and researching abilities in the subject of the general English cycle of the Dentistry degree. Methods: a development research was carried out in the Dentistry Faculty of Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, during 2014. Theoretical methods were applied: analytic-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical and systemic-structural; empirical ones: documentary and bibliographic analysis, participatory observation, survey in the form of a questionnaire for students and interviews with key informants; and the mathematical ones for absolute and relative values. The proposal was assessed by specialists´ criteria. Results: an insufficient development of the researching and communicative abilities in English among the students was evidenced. The revised documents corroborated the possibility of strengthening them by linking them, so a manual with sociocultural topics was prepared as a reference bibliography for research projects in English, in view to their participation in intercultural events. Conclusions: the manual was effective due to its updating of contents and its scientific-methodological foundations. It was a useful tool to guide teachers and students in the development of research and communication skills in English.
Subject(s)
Students, Dental , Teaching , Education, Medical , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN El estudio de las normas del cráneo presenta gran complejidad y sus contenidos se encuentran dispersos en diferentes literaturas poco accesibles. Por tal motivo se elaboró un manual como material de apoyo sobre el tema, destinado a la preparación de los residentes de la especialidad de Anatomía Humana, el cual, además de las invariantes de contenidos propios contiene aspectos relacionados con la vinculación clínica, tan necesaria para una preparación integral. Es objetivo de estos autores describir su conformación y disponibilidad a fin de que pueda servir como material de consulta para los interesados en su uso.
ABSTRACT The study of cranial norms presents great complexity and its contents are scattered in different literatures that are not very accessible. For this reason a text was developed as a handbook aid on the subject, intended for the preparation of residents of the Human Anatomy specialty, which, in addition to the core contents, contains aspects related to clinical linkage, so necessary for a comprehensive preparation. It is the objective of these authors to describe its conformation and availability so that it can serve as a reference material for those interested in its use.
Subject(s)
Students , Education, Medical , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de mortes e incapacidades, acometendo principalmente a população idosa. As sequelas ocasionadas pela doença fazem com que a pessoa idosa dependa de cuidados de outras pessoas. Os cuidadores familiares, frequentemente, possuem dúvidas e dificuldades nos cuidados a serem realizados no domicílio, evidenciando-se a necessidade de material de apoio. Objetivo: Construir e validar um manual educativo para cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas dependentes de cuidados após o AVC. Métodos: Estudo metodológico composto por quatro etapas: grupo focal, elaboração do manual, validação de conteúdo e validação de aparência. A primeira etapa constou de um grupo focal com cinco cuidadores, para identificar as suas dúvidas e dificuldades quanto ao cuidado no domicílio à pessoa idosa dependente após o AVC. Na segunda etapa, foi elaborado o manual educativo pelo grupo de pesquisa. Na terceira, ocorreu a validação de conteúdo por consenso de 18 especialistas, e a validação de aparência, por 12 cuidadores, na quarta etapa. A pesquisa foi realizada com cuidadores familiares de idosos em acompanhamento na Linha de Cuidado do AVC do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC); enfermeiros que atuavam na mesma instituição; e enfermeiros do grupo de pesquisa. A análise dos dados se baseou na análise temática, no cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e consenso da população-alvo (75%). O projeto obteve aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição sob o nº 18007. Resultados: Na primeira etapa, formularam-se quatro categorias: Tornar-se cuidador de um familiar após AVC; Dificuldades vivenciadas; Despreparo para lidar com o familiar dependente; e Estratégias de enfrentamento. Na segunda etapa elaborou-se o manual educativo. No consenso de especialistas, obteve-se IVC global de 0,97 e, na validação de aparência, consenso de 95,51% pela população-alvo. Conclusão: Foi construído um manual educativo para cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas após o AVC e validado quanto ao conteúdo pelos especialistas, e à aparência pela população-alvo. Poderá ser utilizado pelas instituições que assistem a pessoa idosa dependente de cuidados após o AVC e seus cuidadores, como forma de reforço das orientações dos profissionais.
Introduction: Stroke is the main causes of death and disabilities, specially in aging population. Stroke' sequels become the older adult dependent of caregivers. Often, the family caregivers present concerns about the care at home and it is necessary support material. Aim: To construct and validate educational handbook to family caregivers of older adults dependents on care after stroke. Methods: Methodological study with four stages: focus group, handbook elaboration, content validation and appearance validation. The first stage it consisted of the focus group with five caregivers to identify concerns and difficulties related to the care of dependent older adults post stroke at home. The educational handbook was elaborated by research group at the second stage. In the third stage, content validation was performed by consensus of 18 experts and the appearance validation by 12 caregivers in the fourth stage. The research was conducted with family caregivers of older adults from Linha de Cuidado do AVC of Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HSNC); Nurses from the HSNC; and nurses from research group. Thematic analyses was performed, calculation of Content Validity Index (CVI) and consensus target population (75%). The project was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (nº 18007). Results: In the firts stage, four categories were formulated: become caregiver of a family member post stroke; Difficulties experienced; Unpreparedness to handle with the dependent family member; and Coping strategies. The educational handbook was developed in the second stage. The experts consensus obtained global CVI of 0.97, and in the appearance consensus of 95.51% by the target population. Conclusion: The educational handbook was developed to family caregivers of older adults post stroke and validated the content by experts, and the appearance by target poulation. It can be used by institutions that assist dependent older adults after stroke and their caregivers to reinforce professional orientations.
Introducción: el Accidente Vascular del Cerebral (AVC) es una de las principales causas de muertes e incapacidades, afectando principalmente a la población anciana. Las secuelas ocasionadas por la enfermedad hacen que la persona mayor dependa del cuidado de otras personas. A menudo los cuidadores familiares tienen dudas y dificultades en los cuidados a realizar en el domicilio, evidenciándose la necesidad de material de apoyo. Objetivo: construir y validar un manual educativo para cuidadores familiares de personas ancianas dependientes de cuidados después de AVC. Métodos: estudio metodológico compuesto por cuatro etapas: grupo focal, elaboración del manual, validación de contenido y validación de apariencia. En la primera etapa, se realizó un grupo focal con cinco cuidadores, para identificar sus dudas y dificultades en el cuidado en el domicilio a la persona anciana dependiente después del AVC. En la segunda etapa, se elaboró el manual educativo por el grupo de investigación. En la tercera, se realizó la validación del contenido por consenso de 18 expertos y, la validación de apariencia, por 12 cuidadores, en la cuarta etapa. La investigación fue realizada con cuidadores familiares de ancianos en seguimiento en la Línha de Cuidado do AVC del Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC); enfermeros que actúan en la misma institución; y enfermeros del grupo de investigación. Para análisis de los datos, se realizó análisis temáticos, cálculo del Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) y consenso de la población-objetivo (75%). El proyecto obtuvo aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Grupo Hospitalar Conceição con el número 18007. Resultados: en la primera etapa, se formularon cuatro categorías: Hacerse cuidador de un familiar después del AVC; Dificultades vivenciadas; Despreparo para tratar con el familiar dependiente; y Estrategias de enfrentamiento. En la segunda etapa se elaboró el manual educativo. En el consenso de expertos, se obtuvo un IVC global de 0,97 y, en la validación de apariencia, consenso del 95,51% por la población-objetivo. Conclusión: Fue construido un manual educativo para cuidadores familiares de personas ancianas después de AVC y validado en cuanto al contenido, por los expertos, y la apariencia, por la población-objetivo. Puede ser utilizado por las instituciones que asisten a la persona anciana dependiente de cuidados después de AVC y sus cuidadores, como forma de refuerzo de las orientaciones de los profesionales.
Subject(s)
NursingABSTRACT
Fundamento: el manejo de adecuadas estrategias de aprendizaje constituye un factor indispensable para el aprendizaje significativo y desarrollador de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: diseñar un manual didáctico sobre estrategias de aprendizaje para el estudio de los contenidos de la asignatura Filosofía y Sociedad I. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque cualitativo, en la carrera de Medicina, en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Lidia Doce Sánchez" de Sagua la Grande, durante el período de enero 2015 a junio 2016. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y la modelación; empíricos: encuesta en forma de cuestionario y la observación; y matemáticos, para los valores absolutos y relativos. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudiantes encuestados refirió no tener conocimientos sobre las estrategias de aprendizaje y su aplicación; las más empleadas son la repetición, los resúmenes y el subrayado o sombreado de los contenidos; solo una minoría menciona los esquemas y mapas conceptuales. A partir de las dificultades detectadas se diseñó un manual didáctico, como soporte bibliográfico sobre el tema. Conclusiones: el manual elaborado incluye 59 ejemplos de estrategias de aprendizaje para el estudio de los contenidos de la asignatura Filosofía y Sociedad I. Fue valorado por los especialistas como pertinente, factible de utilizar y con adecuada calidad científico-metodológica.
Background: the management of adequate learning strategies is an essential factor for a meaningful and developing learning of university students. Objective: to design a didactic manual on learning strategies for the study of the contents of the subject Philosophy and Society I. Methods: a developing research was carried out within the qualitative approach, in the Medicine career, in "Lidia Doce Sánchez" Medical Sciences University Site of Sagua la Grande, from January 2015 to June 2016. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical and modeling; empirical: survey in the form of questionnaire and observation; and mathematical ones, for absolute and relative values. Results: most of the surveyed students reported not having knowledge about the learning strategies and their application; the most used are repetition, summaries and underlining or shading of the contents; only few of them mention schemas and conceptual maps. Based on the difficulties detected, a didactic manual was designed as a bibliographic support on the subject. Conclusions: the elaborated manual includes 59 learning strategies for the study of the contents of the subject Philosophy and Society I. It was valued by the specialists as pertinent, feasible to use and with adequate scientific-methodological quality.
Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Health StrategiesABSTRACT
Fundamento: la atención al recién nacido constituye un reto para el médico general, el cual debe estar capacitado para la continuidad de su cuidado en la comunidad. Objetivo: elaborar un manual instructivo para perfeccionar la capacitación del médico general en su atención al recién nacido, una vez que este se incorpora a la comunidad. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante septiembre 2015-enero 2016. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: análisis documental, la encuesta como cuestionario y la entrevista a informantes clave. El producto fue valorado por criterio de especialistas. Resultados: se diagnosticaron necesidades de aprendizaje acerca de la atención al recién nacido, por falta de experiencia profesional y pocas horas planificadas en el programa de Pediatría para su tratamiento, por lo que se omiten aspectos importantes; la mayoría de los médicos generales consideraron tener carencias sobre el manejo del recién nacido, el cuidado que conlleva el de alto riesgo y reconocimiento de los signos de alerta sugestivos de enfermedades neonatales que pueden ser diagnosticados en la comunidad; no existe ningún material que facilite la consulta de estos temas, por lo que se elaboró un manual instructivo. Conclusiones: constituye un material de apoyo para elevar el desempeño profesional en la solución de los problemas de la atención al recién nacido en la práctica médica; su consulta propicia el mejoramiento del estado de salud de esta población infantil.
Background: newborn care is a challenge for the general practitioner, who must be trained for their follow up in the community. Objective: to elaborate an instructional manual to strengthen the training of the general practitioner in the newborn care, once it is incorporated into the community. Methods: a development research was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from September 2015 to January 2016. Theoretical methods were used: analytic-synthetic and inductive-deductive; and empirical: documentary analysis, the survey in questionnaire form and the interview to key informants. The product was evaluated by specialists' criteria. Results: training needs were diagnosed regarding newborn care, due to lack of professional experience and few hours planned in the pediatric program for treatment, so important aspects are omitted; the majority of general practitioners consider that they have shortcomings in the management of the newborn, the high risk care and identification of alarming signs which suggest a neonatal disease that can be diagnosed in the community; there is no postgraduate modality to supply these insufficiencies, so an instructional manual on the subject was prepared. Conclusions: this material aid contributes to elevate the professional performance in the solution of the problem of newborn care in the medical practice; its study promotes the improvement of the health status of the newborn.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Child Care , Child Health Services , Child Health , Education, Medical , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
Fundamento: el creciente desarrollo y competitividad durante la evaluación clínica de un fármaco a nivel internacional, impone mayores exigencias en el cumplimiento de los estándares para el registro de los productos médicos. Objetivo: presentar el diseño del Manual de Procedimientos para salas de hospitalización que ejecutan ensayos clínicos. Métodos: se cumplieron una serie de etapas, donde se comenzó en primer lugar con el análisis de las dificultades encontradas en la visita de evaluación del Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos. La segunda etapa de revisión documental, la tercera de discusión grupal y la cuarta de consulta a expertos. Desarrollo: se elaboró el Manual de Procedimientos para salas de hospitalización que ejecutan ensayos clínicos. Quedó estructurado de manera inicial por una serie de contenidos de orden general y luego se establecieron los diferentes procedimientos que incluyeron, de enfermería, propios de la ejecución de ensayos clínicos, metrología, mantenimiento y verificación de equipamiento y del trabajo del nutricionista en sala. La elaboración del Manual estuvo contextualizada en la preparación del sitio para la recertificación en Buenas Prácticas Clínicas por el Centro para el Control Estatal de la Calidad de los Medicamentos, Equipos y Dispositivos médicos. Conclusiones: se estableció un instrumento, sobre la base de normativas nacionales e internacionales actualizadas, para establecer una metodología uniforme de los diferentes procesos que se llevan a cabo en las salas de hospitalización que ejecutan ensayos clínicos para cumplir las Buenas Prácticas Clínicas.
Background: the growing development and competitiveness during the clinical evaluation of a drug worldwide imposes greater demands on compliance with the standards for registration of medical products. Objective: to present the design of the Procedures Manual for hospital wards where clinical trials are executed. Methods: a series of stages were fulfilled, starting in first place with the analysis of difficulties found in the evaluations in the visit of the National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials. The second stage was a document review, the third a group discussion, and the fourth was an expert consultation. Development: a procedures manual for wards where clinical trials are executed was elaborated. It was first structured with a series of contents of general nature and then the different procedures were established: nursing, execution of clinical trials, metrology, equipment maintenance and verification and the Nutritionist work at the ward. Its elaboration was contextualized in clinical site preparation for recertification in GCP by the Center for State Quality Control of Drugs and Medical Devices. Conclusions: an instrument, based on updated national and international regulations, was established, using a uniform methodology of different processes that are carried out in hospital wards while executing clinical trials in compliance with Good Clinical Practice methodology.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: bebês que nascem com anomalias craniofaciais e/ou síndromes associadas normalmente necessitam de cuidados especiais. A presença da família é essencial para garantir os cuidados com o bebê, podendo nessa capacitação, ser utilizado um recurso como um manual. Objetivo: elaborar e avaliar a eficácia de um manual educativo da área de terapia ocupacional (TO), sobre as técnicas de estimulação neuropsicomotora, a partir da análise de juízes e do conhecimento adquirido pelos pais e/ou cuidadores de crianças com fissuras labiopalatinas e/ou síndromes associadas. Material e método: Foi elaborado e desenvolvido um manual de orientações para pais/cuidadores sobre a estimulação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com FLP e/ou síndromes associadas, voltado para crianças na faixa etária de zero a um ano de idade com fissuras labiopalatinas e/ou síndromes associadas,e o mesmo foi submetido à análise de juízes para a indicação de sugestões sobre a adequação da linguagem, dos aspectos técnicos, das imagens e de apresentação. Após adequações, o manual foi utilizado porutilizado por 7 pais e/ou cuidadores. Esta etapa foi durante um mês, na Unidade de Cuidados Especiais (UCE) do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru/ SP (HRAC/USP) em três etapas: pré-intervenção, orientações e intervenções e, pós-intervenções. Os pais e/ou cuidadores responderam a um questionário na pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção para verificar conhecimentos e aquisição dos mesmos por meio de escores de acertos. As respostas das perguntas realizadas. Os questionários foram tabuladoas e foi realizada a comparação do momento pré e pós-intervenção: através do Teste T-pareado (nível de significância de 0,05%). Resultados: em todos os aspectos analisados pelos juízes foram sugeridos alterações, especialmente quanto anos itens, linguagem, aspectos técnicos e imagens. Quanto a análise do conhecimento adquidoradquirido pelos pais e/ou cuidadores, e no pré-teste a porcentagem era de aproximadamente 7,1 acertos enquanto no pós-teste era 9,1. Conclusão: o manual educativo foi eficaz como estratégia de conhecimento.
Introduction: babies born with craniofacial anomalies and / or associated syndromes usually require special care. The presence of the family is essential to ensure the care of the baby. Objective: to elaborate and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational manual in the area of occupational therapy (OT) on neuropsychomotor stimulation techniques, based on the analysis of judges and knowledge acquired by parents and / or caregivers of children with cleft palate and / or syndromes associated. Method: a manual aimed at children in the age group of zero to one year old with cleft lip and palate and / or associated syndromes, was submitted to the analysis of judges for suggestions on the adequacy of the language, technical aspects, images and presentation. After adjustments, the manual was used by 7 parents and / or caregivers for one month in the Special Care Unit (UCE) of the Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of the University of São Paulo, Bauru / SP (HRAC / USP) in three stages: Pre-intervention, guidelines and interventions, and postinterventions. Parents and / or caregivers answered a questionnaire in the pre-intervention and post-intervention to verify knowledge and their acquisition by means of scores of correct answers. The questionnaires were tabulated and compared using the paired T-test (significance level 0.05%). Results: all aspects analyzed by the judges were suggested changes, especially in the language items, technical aspects and images. As for the analysis of the knowledge acquired by the parents and / or caregivers in the pre-test the percentage was approximately 7.1 hits while in the post-test was 9.1. Conclusions: the educational manual was effective as a knowledge strategy.
Subject(s)
Child , Psychomotor Performance , Cleft Lip , Occupational TherapyABSTRACT
Introducción: El proceso de enseñanza de la medicina ha cambiado a través de la historia en la medida que sus estudiantes cambian. Los profesores de medicina se adaptan con dificultades a los nuevos estudiantes y muchas veces no son capaces de reconocer los nuevos intereses de sus propios alumnos. En este contexto resulta importante analizar qué métodos de estudio utilizan los actuales alumnos durante los siete años de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: Estudio basado en metodología mixta: cualitativa (grupales focales)y cuantitativa (encuestas) aplicadas a alumnos de quinto, sexto o séptimo año de la carrera, médicos recién egresados y docentes activos de la Escuela de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica. Resultados: Los resultados de nuestro estudio muestran que los métodos de estudio que más utilizan los estudiantes de medicina son: apuntes de clases (1-5 años) y los manuales (internado). Los encuestados creen que los manuales son muy importantes, que facilitan el aprendizaje, que deben estar actualizados y que de preferencia deben estar disponibles en formato digital. Los docentes usaron como método preferente de estudio, durante la carrera de medicina, los libros de texto. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de medicina han cambiado, y así han evolucionado sus técnicas de estudio/ aprendizaje. Es indispensable que los métodos docentes se adapten a estas nuevas características; por lo que es indispensable ayudar a los profesores a modernizar sus técnicas docentes adaptándolas a las necesidades de los alumnos.(AU)
Introduction: The process of teaching medicine has changed throughout history as its students change. The medical professors adapt with difficulties to the new students and many times they are not able to recognize the new interests of its own students. In this context, it is important to analyze what methods of study the current students use during the seven years of the medical career. Methods: This study was based on a mixed methodology: qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (surveys) applied to students in the fifth, sixth or seventh year of the medical studies, recently graduated doctors and active teachers of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Results: The results of our study show that the study methods most used by medical students are: class notes (1-5 years) and handbooks (internship). Respondents believe that handbooks are very important, that they facilitate learning, that they should be up to date and that they should preferably be available in digital format. The teachers used as a preferred method of study, during the medical career, textbooks. Conclusion: Medical students have changed, and so have their study / learning techniques evolved. It is essential that teaching methods adapt to these new characteristics; thus, it is essential to help teachers to modernize their teaching techniques by adapting them to the needs of students.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Books , Materia Medica Study Methods , Students, Medical , Handbook , Intergeneration IntervalABSTRACT
Trata-se de um estudo do tipo qualitativo, descritivo, realizado no período de março de 2014 a dezembro de 2015, tendo como objetivo desenvolver uma tecnologia educacional descrita como cartilha, com orientações para a doação de sangue voltada para o professor, para promoção da informação e conscientização sobre o ato de doar sangue. O referencial teórico foi a Teoria Freireana da educação humanista, libertadora e conscientizadora. A doação de sangue é um ato que assegura a sobrevivência de muitos indivíduos acometidos por diferentes morbidades. No Brasil a doação de sangue é realizada por um pequeno percentual da população brasileira. Segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde 1,9% da população é doadora de sangue, enquanto que a taxa ideal para autossuficiência seria de 3 a 5%. Múltiplas são as estratégias de captação de doadores de sangue. Sendo a estratégia educativa uma destas; objetivou-se construir a cartilha do tipo perguntas e respostas, intitulada: A doação de sangue no Brasil- Professor: Faça do Seu Aluno um Herói! A cartilha é um recurso educativo e nela são apresentadas as orientações sobre a doação de sangue voltadas para os professores do ensino fundamental II e médio. O embasamento para a construção da cartilha originou-se das orientações do Ministério da Saúde sobre doação de sangue, revisão de literatura e revisão integrativa da literatura intitulada; " Estratégias de captação de doadores de sangue no Brasil". A ideia da cartilha é que o professor "traduza" e leve à construção dos conhecimentos sobre a doação de sangue com e entre os alunos
This is a qualitative, descriptive study, held from March 2014 to December 2015, with the aim of developing an educational technology as seen in the booklet, full of instructions for blood donation for teachers. Also, it has the aim of providing information and awakening about blood donation act. The theoretical frame of reference used was the Freireana Educational humanistic, liberating and awakening theory. Blood donation is an action that provides the survival of several individuals affected by numerous morbidities. In Brazil, blood donation is reached by a low percent of it´s population. According to Ministry of Health, 1,9% of population is blood donor, where the ideal rate to self-sufficiency would be between 3 and 5%. There are multiple attraction blood donators strategies. And the educational strategy is one of them; the booklet was designed with question-and-answer format, entitled:"Blood donation in Brazil-Teacher: Make Your Student a Hero! ". The publication is an educational feature which has guidelines about blood donation for teachers of junior and high school. The basis of it´s development was inspired by Ministry of Health´s guidelines about blood donating, literature review, and integrative literature review entitled, "Blood donators attraction strategies in Brazil". The material is useful for the teacher to understand it and take it to knowledge developing about blood donation among and with the students
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching Materials , Blood Donors/education , Teacher Training , Blood Banks/methods , School TeachersABSTRACT
Fundamento: la Ginecología Infantojuvenil es una rama muy sensible de la Ginecología, por las edades de sus pacientes y los temas que estudia. Objetivo: elaborar un manual instructivo sobre Ginecología Infantojuvenil para la docencia dirigido a los médicos generales y los especialistas en Ginecología y Obstetricia que laboran en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Hospital Universitario Gineco-Obstétrico "Mariana Grajales", de enero a diciembre de 2014. La muestra estuvo constituída por 12 docentes con experiencias en la Ginecología Infantojuvenil. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo para la fundamentación teórica, la elaboración del informe investigativo y explicar conceptos relacionados con el tema; empíricos: análisis documental del programa de estudio y los cursos de postgrado para valorar el grado de actualización en dichos contenidos, y la encuesta a docentes para determinar los núcleos de contenido que debían ser abordados en el material instructivo. Resultados: se evidencia la necesidad de actualizar los contenidos relacionados con el manejo y protocolos de actuación en relación con las afecciones infantojuveniles, por lo que se elaboró un manual instructivo con los temas demandados por los docentes consultados: trastornos menstruales posmenarquia, infecciones y malformaciones congénitas. Conclusiones: el manual instructivo para la atención integral en Ginecología Infantojuvenil fue evaluado como pertinente, de calidad y utilidad práctica por criterio de especialistas, porque contribuye a perfeccionar la preparación de los médicos involucrados en la atención de excelencia que demanda la prestación del referido servicio.
Background: the Infant-youngsters Gynecology is a very sensitive branch of Gynecology, for the ages of its patients and the topics that it studies. Objective: to elaborate an instructive manual on Infant-youngsters Gynecology for teaching, for general practitioners and Gynecology and Obstetrics specialists who work in the Primary Health cares (PHC). Method: it was carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study in "Mariana Grajales" Gynecological-obstetric University Hospital, from January to December 2014. The sample comprised 12 experienced professors in Infant-youngsters Gynecology. Theoretical methods were used: analytic-synthetic and inductive-deductive for the theoretical background, the elaboration of the research report and to explain concepts related with the topic; empiric ones: documental analysis of the study program and the post-graduate courses to value the updating level in its contents, and the survey to the professors to determine the content cores that should be approached in the instructive material. Results: it is evidenced the necessity of updating the contents related with the management and performance protocols in connection with Infant-youngstersaffections, that ´s why an instructive manual was elaborated with the topics that the consulted professors suggested: menstrual disorders, post-menarche, infections and congenital malformations. Conclusions: the instructive manual for the comprehensive attention in Infant-youngsters Gynecology was evaluated as pertinent, with quality and practical usefulness by specialists' criteria, because it contributes to perfect the preparation of the doctors involved in the excellence attention that demands the referred service.
Subject(s)
Comprehensive Health Care , Faculty, Medical , Gynecology , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To describe nursing workload in Intensive Care Units (ICU) in different countries according to the scores obtained with Nursing Activities Score (NAS) and to verify the agreement among countries on the NAS guideline interpretation. Method This cross-sectional study considered 1-day measure of NAS (November 2012) obtained from 758 patients in 19 ICUs of seven countries (Norway, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, Egypt, Greece and Brazil). The Delphi technique was used in expertise meetings and consensus. Results The NAS score was 72.8% in average, ranging from 44.5% (Spain) to 101.8% (Norway). The mean NAS score from Poland, Greece and Egypt was 83.0%, 64.6% and 57.1%, respectively. The NAS score was similar in Brazil (54.0%) and in the Netherlands (51.0%). There were doubts in the understanding of five out 23 items of the NAS (21.7%) which were discussed until researchers’ consensus. Conclusion NAS score were different in the seven countries. Future studies must verify if the fine standardization of the guideline can have a impact on differences in the NAS results.
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a carga de trabalho de enfermagem em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de diferentes países, segundo o Nursing Activities Score (NAS), e padronizar o manual do NAS para uso nessas Unidades. Método Estudo transversal realizado em 19 UTI de sete países (Noruega, Holanda, Espanha, Polônia, Egito, Grécia e Brasil) com um total de 758 pacientes adultos, em novembro de 2012. Resultados A média do NAS total da amostra foi 72.81%, com variação entre 44.46% (Espanha) e101.81% (Noruega). Nas UTI da Polônia, Grécia e Egito, as médias foram de 83.00%, 64.59% e 57.11%, respectivamente. As médias NAS no Brasil (53.98%) e na Holanda (50,96%) foram similares. Dos 23 itens da escala, houve dúvidas no entendimento de 5(21.74%), que foram solucionados por consenso entre os pesquisadores. Conclusão O estudo mostrou diferentes cargas de trabalho de enfermagem nas UTI estudadas. Um manual padronizado do NAS para uso nessas unidades contribuirá para sanar dúvidas em futuras aplicações.
RESUMEN Objetivo Describir la carga de trabajo de enfermería en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de diferentes países según el Nursing Activities Score (NAS) y establecer una guía estandarizada para su utilización en UCI. Método estudio observacional en 19 UCIs de siete países (Noruega, Países Bajos, España, Polonia, Egipto, Grecia y Brasil) incluyendo 758 pacientes adultos en Noviembre de 2012. Resultados La puntuación media total en la escala NAS fue de 72.81% com valores entre 44.46% (España) y 101.8% (Noruega). Las medias NAS en Polonia, Grecia y Egipto fue de 83.0%, 64.59% y 57.11% respectivamente. El NAS medio fue similar en Brasil (53.98%) y los Países Bajos (50.96%). De los 23 ítems de la escala hubo problemas en la interpretación de 5 de ellos (21.74%). Este problema se resolvió mediante el consenso entre los investigadores. Conclusión El presente estudio demuestra variación en la carga de trabajo en UCI de diferentes países. La guía estandarizada de puntuación del NAS puede servir como una herramienta para resolver dudas en futuras aplicaciones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Workload , Critical Care , Intensive Care Units , Nursing Care , Nursing, Team , Reference Standards , Cross-Sectional Studies , Resource GuideABSTRACT
Objective: To develop a proposal for metrics for protocols and other technical products to be applied in assessing the Postgraduate Programs of Medicine III - Capes. Methods: The 2013 area documents of all the 48 Capes areas were read. From the analysis of the criteria used by the areas at the 2013's Triennal Assessment, a proposal for metrics for protocols and other technical products was developed to be applied in assessing the Postgraduate Programs of Medicine III. This proposal was based on the criteria of Biological Sciences I and Interdisciplinary areas. Results: Only seven areas have described a scoring system for technical products. The products considered and the scoring varied widely. Due to the wide range of different technical products which could be considered relevant, and that would not be punctuated if they were not previously specified, it was developed, for the Medicine III, a proposal for metrics in which five specific criteria to be analyzed: Demand, Relevance/Impact, Scope, Complexity and Adherence to the Program. Based on these criteria, each product can receive 10 to 100 points. Conclusion: This proposal can be applied to the item Intellectual Production of the evaluation form, in subsection "Technical production, patents and other relevant production". The program will be scored as Very Good when it reaches mean ≥150 points/permanent professor/quadrennium; Good, mean between 100 and 149 points; Regular, mean between 60 and 99 points; Weak mean between 30 and 59 points; Insufficient, up to 29 points/permanent professor/quadrennium.
Objetivo: Desenvolver proposta de métricas para protocolos e outras produções técnicas a serem aplicadas na avaliação dos Programas de Pós-Graduação da Área Medicina III da Capes. Métodos: Foram lidos os documentos de área de 2013 de todas as 48 Áreas da Capes. A partir da análise dos critérios utilizados por elas na avaliação trienal 2013, foi desenvolvida uma proposta de métricas para protocolos e outras produções técnicas. Esta proposta foi baseada nos critérios adotados pelas Áreas Ciências Biológicas I e Interdisciplinar. Resultados: Apenas sete áreas descreveram sistema de pontuação para produtos técnicos, e as produções consideradas e a pontuação variaram amplamente. Dada à imensa gama de produções técnicas diferentes que podem ser consideradas relevantes, e que não seriam contempladas em sistema de pontuação caso fossem especificadas, foi desenvolvida para a Medicina III uma proposta de métricas em que são analisados cinco critérios específicos para cada produção: Demanda, Relevância/Impacto, Abrangência, Complexidade e Aderência ao Programa. Com base nestes critérios, cada produção pode receber de 10 a 100 pontos. Conclusão: Esta proposta poderá ser aplicada ao item Produção Intelectual da Ficha de Avaliação, subitem "Produção técnica, patentes e outras produções consideradas relevantes". Será considerado Muito Bom o Programa que obtiver média ≥150 pontos/docente permanente/quadriênio; Bom, média entre 100 e 149 pontos; Regular, média entre 60 e 99 pontos; Fraco, média entre 30 e 59 pontos; e Deficiente média ≤29 pontos/docente permanente/quadriênio.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Graduate/standards , Pamphlets , Brazil , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
A set of exposure factors that reflects the characteristics of individual behavior capable of influencing exposure is essential for risk and exposure assessment. In 2007, the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook was, therefore, issued, driven by the need to develop reliable exposure factors representing the Korean population. The purpose of this study was to overview the development process of the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook and major recommended exposure values for the Korean population to allow information exchanges and comparison of recommended values among nations. The researchers reviewed the domestic data that could be used in the development of exposure factors, confirmed a knowledge gap, and set a priority of development by phases. A methodology to measure exposure factors was established to develop measuring techniques and test their validity. Data were processed or a survey was conducted according to the availability of data. The study thus produced recommended values for 24 exposure factors grouped by general exposure factors, food ingestion factors, and activity factors by setting up a database of exposure factors and carrying out statistical analysis. The study has significantly contributed to reducing the potential uncertainty of the risk and exposure assessment derived by the application of foreign data or research findings lacking representativeness or grounds by developing a set of exposure factors reflecting the characteristics of the Korean people. It will be necessary to conduct revisions in light of the changing statistical values of national data and the exposure factors based on Korean characteristics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asian People , Environmental Exposure , Internet , Program Development , Republic of Korea , Risk Assessment , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
Exposure factors based on the Korean population are required for making appropriate risk assessment. It is expected that handbooks for exposure factors will be applied in many fields, as well as by health department risk assessors. The present article describes the development of an exposure factors handbook that specifically focuses on human activities in situations involving the possible risk of exposure to environmental contaminants. We define majour exposure factors that represent behavioral patterns for risk assessment, including time spent on routine activities, in different places, on using transportation, and engaged in activities related to water contact including swimming, bathing and washing. Duration of residence and employment are also defined. National survey data were used to identify recommended levels of exposure factors in terms of time spent on routine activities and period of residence and employment. An online survey was conducted with 2073 subjects who were selected using a stratified random sampling method in order to develop a list of exposure factors for the time spent in different places and in performing water-related activities. We provide the statistical distribution of the variables, and report reference levels of average exposure based on the reliable data in our exposure factors handbook.