Interleukin-31, Interleukin-31RA, and OSMR Expression Levels in Post-burn Hypertrophic Scars

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have shown the role of interleukin-31 (IL-31) and its receptors in inducing pruritus in certain skin disorders, knowledge of its role in post-burn hypertrophic scars is insufficient. Therefore, the histopathological expression levels of IL-31, IL-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA), and oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in post-burn hypertrophic scar tissues were investigated and compared with normal tissue expression levels. METHODS: Samples of hypertrophic scar tissue were obtained from 20 burn patients through punch biopsy. Normal samples were obtained from areas adjacent to the burn injury site of the same patients. Samples were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraplast, and processed into serial 5-μm sections. Immunohistochemistry results were semi-quantitatively evaluated for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, epidermal and dermal thickness were assessed with a microscope and digital camera. Intensities were rated on a scale of 1 to 4. RESULTS: Percentages for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR in the epidermal basal layer cell cytoplasm were significantly greater in the burn scar tissue compared to normal skin, as well as the dermal and epidermal thickness (p < .05). There was a significant difference in IL-31 epidermal basal layer intensity in burn scar tissue compared to normal skin (p < .05). Besides the OSMR basal layer intensity, IL-31 and IL-31RA intensities between the burn scar and normal tissues were not significant. However, correlations were significant, indicating that the greater the infiltration percentage, the higher the intensity (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR expression levels are increased in hypertrophic scars compared with normal tissue.

Association Between Il-31 Serum Levels And Other Predisposing Factors With Allergic Diseases In Hrpz Ii And Husm, Kelantan, Malaysia

@#Interleukin 31 (IL-31)is one of the cytokines which appears to be an important regulator of Th2 responses. Previous study has been done to determine IL-31 serums levels in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the serum levels of IL-31 in allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic asthma (AA) is not many reported and still unclear. The objective of this cross sectional study is to determine an association between IL-31 and other predisposing factors with allergic diseases in HRPZ II (Hospital Raja PerempuanZainab II) and HUSM (Hospital UniversitiSains), Kelantan, Malaysia. This study involved 70 patients of AD, 70 patients of AR, 70 patients of AA and 70 healthy controls from staffs and people in HUSM.Five milliliters of blood were withdrawn and centrifuged for 5 minutes at 2000 rpm to obtain the serum and analyzed for IL-31 levels by using enzymelinked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits (Human IL 31 Duoset, R&D System). Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between IL-31 levels and predisposing factors among allergic diseases. The levels of IL-31 and other predisposing factors showed significant associations in smoking status, occupational exposure and area of living for AD and AR, however in AA, the significant association only found in smoking status and occupational exposure. In conclusion, we found that there were associations between IL-31 serum levels and other predisposing factors with AD, AR and AA. The findings can be the pilot study to determine IL-31 levels in allergic diseases in Malaysia.

IL-31 and its soluble receptor expression in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 实用医学杂志

Objective Through testing levels of serum IL-31 and its soluble form of oncostatin M receptor (sOSMR)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in disease activity and remission ,to analyze the relationship between their levels and disease activity ,and further explore the pathogenesis of RA and treatment to provide new ideas. Method 60 patients with RA were selected ,and 23 healthy controls were selected as controls. The serum levels of IL-31 and sOSMR in the 2 groups were detected by ELISA. Results Firstly,The levels of IL-31 in se-rum of RA patients were higher than those of control(P < 0.05). The levels of serum IL-31 in RA moderate and high activity group were higher than those in the low activity group and remission group(all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the level of serum sOSMR in RA and control(P>0.05),and the levels of serum sOSMR in RA activity groups and remission group were no statistical difference(P > 0.05). (2)The IL-31 were positively correlated with RF,CDAI,ESR and CRP levels(all P<0.05). Conclusion IL-31 may be involved in the pathological and development process of RA and related to disease activity ,which can be an indicator of RA disease activity assessment.

IL-31 and its soluble receptor expression in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 实用医学杂志

Objective Through testing levels of serum IL-31 and its soluble form of oncostatin M receptor (sOSMR)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in disease activity and remission ,to analyze the relationship between their levels and disease activity ,and further explore the pathogenesis of RA and treatment to provide new ideas. Method 60 patients with RA were selected ,and 23 healthy controls were selected as controls. The serum levels of IL-31 and sOSMR in the 2 groups were detected by ELISA. Results Firstly,The levels of IL-31 in se-rum of RA patients were higher than those of control(P < 0.05). The levels of serum IL-31 in RA moderate and high activity group were higher than those in the low activity group and remission group(all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the level of serum sOSMR in RA and control(P>0.05),and the levels of serum sOSMR in RA activity groups and remission group were no statistical difference(P > 0.05). (2)The IL-31 were positively correlated with RF,CDAI,ESR and CRP levels(all P<0.05). Conclusion IL-31 may be involved in the pathological and development process of RA and related to disease activity ,which can be an indicator of RA disease activity assessment.

Association Between IL-31 Serum Levels And Other Predisposing Factors With Allergic Diseases In HRPZ II and HUSM, Kelantan, Malaysia

Interleukin 31 (IL-31)is one of the cytokines which appears to be an important regulator of Th2 responses. Previous study has been done to determine IL-31 serums levels in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the serum levels of IL-31 in allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic asthma (AA) is not many reported and still unclear. The objective of this cross sectional study is to determine an association between IL-31 and other predisposing factors with allergic diseases in HRPZ II (Hospital Raja PerempuanZainab II) and HUSM (Hospital UniversitiSains), Kelantan, Malaysia. This study involved 70 patients of AD, 70 patients of AR, 70 patients of AA and 70 healthy controls from staffs and people in HUSM.Five milliliters of blood were withdrawn and centrifuged for 5 minutes at 2000 rpm to obtain the serum and analyzed for IL-31 levels by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits (Human IL 31 Duoset, R&D System). Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between IL-31 levels and predisposing factors among allergic diseases. The levels of IL-31 and other predisposing factors showed significant associations in smoking status, occupational exposure and area of living for AD and AR, however in AA, the significant association only found in smoking status and occupational exposure. In conclusion, we found that there were associations between IL-31 serum levels and other predisposing factors with AD, AR and AA. The findings can be the pilot study to determine IL-31 levels in allergic diseases in Malaysia.

Effect and mechanism of IL-31 on the expression of VEGF, EGF and EGFR in 16HBE cells / 基础医学与临床

Objective_To explore the influence and mechanism of IL-31 on the expression of VEGF, EGF and EG-FR in 16HBE cells.Methods_16HBE cells were cultured and treated with IL-31 with or without SB203580 or SP600125, real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to determine the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, EGF and EGFR respectively.Meanwhile, Western blot was used to examine the changes of P38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways.Results_Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of VEGF, EGF and EGFR was increased markedly under the stimulation of IL-31 ( P<0.01 ) , the expression of p-P38 MAPK and p-JNK signifi-cantly increased ( P<0.01) .Compared with IL-31 group, the expression of p-P38 MAPK significantly decreased in IL-31 combined with SB203580 or SB203580 group ( P <0.01 ) , while the expression of p-JNK markedly decreased in IL-31 combined with SP600125 or SP600125 group( P<0.01) .Compared with IL-31 group, the expression of VEGF was significantly decreased in IL-31 combined with SB203580 or SP600125 group ( P <0.01 ) , while the expression of EGF and EGFR was markedly declined in IL-31 combined with SB203580 group ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions_IL-31 may up-regulate the expression of VEGF through activating P38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways and up-regulate the expression of EGF and EGFR through activating P38 MAPK signaling path-way in16 HBE cells.

Identifying Polymorphisms in IL-31 and Their Association with Susceptibility to Asthma

BACKGROUND: Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is a T helper type 2 effector cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic and allergic diseases. IL-31 may be involved in promoting allergic inflammation and in inducing airway epithelial responses such as allergic asthma. METHODS: Single-base extension analysis was used to detect the genotypes of IL-31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and we compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the IL-31 SNPs between patients with asthma and healthy controls. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the IL-31 SNPs between patients with asthma and healthy controls. Furthermore we compared the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-31 SNPs between patients with atopic asthma, those with non-atopic asthma and healthy controls. This showed that the SNPs were not associated with the susceptibility to atopic asthma. There were no significant differences in the haplotype frequencies of IL-31 SNPs between patients with asthma and healthy controls. In patients with asthma, the IL-31 SNPs were significantly correlated with total serum levels of IgE (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that, the IL-31 SNPs may be associated with IgE production in patients with asthma.

IL-31 Serum Protein and Tissue mRNA Levels in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Severe pruritus is the primary symptom in atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, the novel cytokine IL-31 has been implicated in the itching associated with AD. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to determine whether IL-31 serum levels are elevated in AD patients and to better characterize the relationship between serum IL-31 level and other established laboratory parameters. METHODS: We recruited 55 AD patients, 34 with allergic type AD and 21 with non-allergic type AD, and 38 healthy, non-atopic controls. We checked the laboratory values, severity score, and serum IL-31 levels in all patients and controls, and IL-31 mRNA levels in lesion skin were measured in 13 subjects with AD and in four controls. RESULTS: AD patients displayed significantly higher levels of serum IL-31 that were associated with serum IgE, disease severity, and subjective itch intensity. In AD patients, IL-31 mRNA levels from the lesional skin samples also correlated with serum IL-31 level. CONCLUSION: IL-31 is likely one of the many mediators inducing inflammation and pruritus in AD. Although our limited sample size prevents us from making any definitive conclusions, our data demonstrate a strong correlation between IL-31 mRNA level and serum IL-31 protein level, which has never been reported before. Moreover, we found correlations between serum IL-31 level and serum IgE, eosinophil cationic protein, disease severity, and subject itch intensity in certain degrees in AD patients.