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1.
J. afr. imag. méd ; 13(1): 31-35, 2021. Tables, figures
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1342864

ABSTRACT

Objectif :Décrire le profil épidémiologique et remnologique des pathologies retrouvées chez les patients adressés pour IRM hypophysaire dans le service d'imagerie médicale du CHU-B. Patients et Méthode :il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive, réalisée au service d'imagerie médicale du CHU de Brazzaville de janvier 2014 à décembre 2018. Tous les patients adressés pour IRM hypophysaire étaient inclus. Les examens ont été réalisés sur une IRM de haut champ de 1,5 Tesla sans et avec injection de produit de contraste. Les données épidémiologiques, l'indication et les résultats retrouvés ont été traitées avec le logiciel Microsoft Excel 2013. Résultats :Cinquante-huit IRM étaient retenues durant la période d'étude. L'âge moyen des patients était de 38,24 ± 11,52 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 12 à 74 ans et un âge médian de 36 ans. Le sexe ratio (F/H) était de 4,8 avec 48 femmes (82,76%). La galactorrhée était le motif de consultation le plus fréquemment retrouvé (21,88% des cas), suivie des aménorrhées (18,75%). L'adénome hypophysaire était la pathologie la plus fréquente devant les selles turciques vides et les kystes de la poche de Rathke. Conclusion :La pathologie hypophysaire est l'apanage du sujet jeune de sexe féminin. Son mode de révélation le plus fréquent est celui de troubles gynécologiques et/ou endocriniens. Les adénomes constituent la quasi-totalité de la pathologie hypophysaire avec une nette prédominance de macroadénome. L'IRM apporte des informations essentielles au diagnostic de cespathologies malgré son accessibilité et sa disponibilité qui restent encore limité.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pituitary Neoplasms , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Central Nervous System Cysts , Galactorrhea , Pituitary Gland , Congo
2.
Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.) ; 34(2): 160-163, mar.-abr. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394445

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible (PRES por las siglas en inglés Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome) es una entidad clínica caracterizada por cefalea, alteraciones visuales y crisis convulsivas. Ésta es una entidad subdiagnosticada, que tiene como fisiopatología la alteración del vaso de regulación cerebral y se puede presentar en féminas gestantes, lo que puede llegar a confundirse con eclampsia. Caso clínico: Paciente de 20 años sin antecedentes patológicos, con embarazo de término normoevolutivo. Presentó ruptura prematura de membranas e ingresó para conducción de trabajo; se preparó a la paciente para analgesia obstétrica; sin embargo, previamente al procedimiento presentó crisis convulsivas de características tonicoclónicas generalizadas. Se realizó un manejo avanzado de la vía aérea y se realizó una cesárea de urgencia; se obtuvo producto único vivo y fue ingresada a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. El perfil toxémico no reportó alteraciones y la tomografía computarizada inicial no mostró alteraciones estructurales. Se le retiró a la paciente la ventilación mecánica 12 horas después. Se realizó una resonancia magnética que mostró en fase T2, hiperintensidad subcortical parieto-occipital derecho. Permaneció en vigilancia y fue egresada a piso sin complicaciones ni secuelas neurológicas. Conclusiones: El tratamiento del PRES va enfocado al control de la presión arterial, y el soporte orgánico y metabólico. No todos los enfermos con PRES se recuperan neurológicamente ad integrum; sin embargo, la proporción de pacientes que cursan sin secuelas es mayor en pacientes obstétricas. La resonancia magnética es el estudio de elección; el hallazgo característico es el edema simétrico de la materia blanca en la región occipital de los hemisferios cerebrales, en particular las regiones parieto-occipitales, no obstante, existen otro tipo de presentaciones radiológicas.


Abstract: Introduction: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a clinical entity characterized by headache, visual disturbances and convulsive seizures. It is a sub-diagnosed entity that, due to its trigger being cerebral vasoregulation disorders, may present in pregnant women, which may be confused with eclampsia. Clinical case: Patient of 20 years of age, without pathological antecedents, with term pregnancy, evolutionary norm. Who enters by exit of mucous plug, followed by premature rupture of membranes, so it is admitted for conduction of labor, however presents convulsive crisis, generalized clonic tonic. Advanced airway management is decided, and an emergency caesarean section is performed, obtaining a single live product, and the patient is admitted to the ICU. His toxemic profile was reported without alterations, his initial CT scan without structural alterations, and mechanical ventilation was removed twelve hours later. MRI is performed where subcortical right parieto-occipital hyperintensity is observed, being kept under surveillance and graduated to floor without complications. Conclusions: The treatment of PRES syndrome is focused on organic and metabolic supports and mainly on tension Figures. Not all are reversible, however, the pregnant patient is more frequent than present evolution without sequelae. Magnetic resonance is the study of choice for this clinical entity, and the typical findings are symmetrical edema of white matter in the posterior cerebral hemispheres, particularly the parieto-occipital regions, but there are variations.


Resumo: Introduçao: A síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível (PRES) é uma entidade clínica caracterizada por dor de cabeça, distúrbios visuais e convulsões. É uma entidade subdiagnosticada, cuja fisiopatologia é a alteração do vaso de regulação cerebral, pode ocorrer em mulheres grávidas, o que pode ser confundido com eclampsia. Caso clínico: Paciente de 20 anos, sem antecedentes patológicos, com gestação á término e evolução normal. Apresentou ruptura prematura de membranas e ingressou para indução do trabalho de parto, preparou-se para analgesia obstétrica, porém antes do procedimento apresentou convulsões com características tônicas clônicas generalizadas. Foi realizado manejo avançado das vias aéreas e cesariana de emergência, obtendo-se um único produto vivo, e foi admitida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O perfil toxémico não relatou alterações, a tomografia computadorizada inicial não mostrou alterações estruturais e a ventilação mecânica foi removida doze horas depois. Foi realizada ressonância magnética que mostrou na fase T2, hiperintensidade subcortical parieto-occipital direita. A paciente permaneceu sob vigilância e recebeu alta sem complicações ou sequelas neurológicas. Conclusões: O tratamento do PRES, está focado no controle da pressão arterial, suporte orgânico e metabólico. Nem todos os pacientes com PRES se recuperam neurologicamente ad integrum, no entanto, a proporção de pacientes que não apresentam sequelas é maior em pacientes obstétricos. A ressonância magnética é o estudo de eleição; o achado característico é edema simétrico de substância branca na região occipital dos hemisférios cerebrais, particularmente regiões parietooccipitais, porém existem outros tipos de apresentações radiológicas.

3.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(2): 614-622, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954162

ABSTRACT

Aim of this study is to measure the volume of the uterine layers in healthy women according to the menstrual cycle phases and to test the agreement between three methods. The study was performed with 28 healthy women. Participants were divided into three groups as follicular (n=7), luteal (n=10) and postmenopausal phase (n=11). We used the point-counting and planimetry method in MR images and the ellipsoid methods in images obtained by transvaginal ultrasonography. Spearman correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations between the volumes of uterine layers and age (p<0.01). The volumes of the total uterus, the total myometrium and the endometrium measured with planimetry and point-counting methods were significantly lower in the postmenopausal women (p<0.01). While volumes of total uterus and the total myometrium significantly lower in the postmenopausal group in measurements done using ellipsoid method, the decrease in the volume of the endometrium was not statistically significant. The Bland-Altman test results indicated an excellent agreement between point-counting and planimetry methods in the volumetric measurements. The ellipsoid method might be inadequate for determining uterine layers volume particularly the endometrium volume. The stereological methods permit unbiased and efficient estimation of volume of uterine layers in vivo examination of MRI.


El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el volumen de las capas uterinas en mujeres sanas de acuerdo con las fases del ciclo menstrual y probar la concordancia de tres métodos. El estudio se realizó en 28 mujeres sanas. Las participantes se dividieron en tres grupos, folicular (n=7), luteal (n=10) y fase posmenopáusica (n=11). Utilizamos el método de conteo puntual y planimetría en imágenes de resonancia magnética y utilizamos los métodos elipsoides en imágenes obtenidas por ultrasonografía transvaginal. El análisis de correlación de Spearman mostró correlaciones negativas significativas entre los volúmenes de las capas uterinas y la edad (p <0,01). Se midieron con planimetría los volúmenes total de útero, el miometrio y endometrio, los métodos de recuento de puntos fueron significativamente más bajos en las mujeres posmenopáusicas (p <0,01). Por otra parte, el volumen total de útero y el total del miometrio fue significativamente menor en el grupo posmenopáusico en las mediciones realizadas con el método elipsoide. La disminución en el volumen del endometrio no fue estadísticamente significativa. Los resultados de las pruebas de Bland-Altman indicaron una excelente concordancia entre los métodos de recuento de puntos y de planimetría en las mediciones volumétricas. El método elipsoide puede ser inadecuado para determinar el volumen de las capas uterinas, particularmente en el volumen del endometrio. Los métodos estereológicos permiten una estimación imparcial y eficiente del volumen de las capas uterinas en el examen in vivo de la resonancia magnética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Uterus/anatomy & histology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Anatomy/methods
4.
Rev. argent. mastología ; 37(134): 134-157, abr. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1118133

ABSTRACT

El seguimiento de la mama operada e irradiada consta de estudios mamográficos y ecográficos anuales, realizando la primera mamografía a los 6 meses de efectuada la radioterapia. En pacientes con cirugía reconstructiva, el método de imágenes elegido para el seguimiento variará según el tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico que se haya realizado. En pacientes con mutaciones genéticas, el seguimiento debe realizarse con Imagen por Resonancia Magnética (irm) dado el riesgo aumentado de cáncer de mama contralateral. Entre los hallazgos benignos más comunes se encuentran el edema, la necrosis grasa, las distorsiones, las calcificaciones con centro radiolúcido y de hilos de sutura. La mamografía es, en la actualidad, el método de estudio imagenológico ampliamente recomendado en la vigilancia del cáncer de mama y se utiliza para el seguimiento a corto plazo de una enferma de cáncer recientemente tratada con tratamiento quirúrgico conservador de la mama. Sin embargo, la irm es el método que mejor evalúa a la mama operada e irradiada. Posee la mayor sensibilidad para detectar carcinoma mamario primario o debido a recidiva; además, permite el diagnóstico diferencial entre fibrosis y recidiva en la cicatriz y la evaluación de los implantes en las mamas reconstruidas.


The follow-up of the operated and irradiated breast consists about an annual mammographic study and an ultrasound study, doing the first mammography 6 months after radiotherapy was performed. In patients with reconstructive surgery, the imaging method chosen for alternative follow-up depends on the type of surgical procedure that has been performed. In patients with genetic mutations, follow-up should be performed with mri, given the risk of contralateral breast cancer. Among the most common benign findings are edema, fat necrosis, distortions, calcifications with radius centers and suture threads. Mammography is currently the most useful method of study in the surveillance of breast cancer, and is used for the short-term follow-up of a recently treated cancer disease, with conservative surgical treatment of the breast. However, mri is the best diagnostic method for the operated and irradiated breast. It has the highest sensitivity to detect primary breast carcinoma or due to a recurrence, and allows the differential diagnosis between fibrosis and recurrence in the scar and the evaluation of the implants in the reconstructed breasts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Mammography , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
5.
J. coloproctol. (Rio J., Impr.) ; 37(3): 251-254, July-Sept. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893988

ABSTRACT

Abstract Crohn disease is defined as a chronic inflammatory and idiopathic process that can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. The small intestine is the most frequently affected place, so small bowel morphology investigation is often mandatory.For decades small bowel was almost inaccessible to endoscopies, and, studies like enteroclysis and bowel transit time test, were considered gold standard tests. Recently, innovative imaging techniques, improved diagnosis and follow-up of Crohn disease patients by allowing the exploration of this gut segment.Authors review literature, concerning the role of computed tomography enterography and magnetic resonance enterography in the evaluation of small bowel Crohn disease.Authors conclude that the choice of examination to be made should be weighted considering several factors such as the age of the patient, their tolerability, the Crohn's disease phenotype and the availability of hospital resources.


Resumo A doença de Crohn é definida como um processo inflamatório e idiopático crônico que pode afetar qualquer parte do trato gastrintestinal. O intestino delgado é o local mais frequentemente afetado e, assim, com frequência torna-se obrigatória uma investigação da morfologia do intestino delgado.Durante décadas, o intestino delgado era praticamente inacessível às endoscopias; nesse contexto, estudos como a enteróclise e a determinação do tempo de trânsito intestinal eram considerados como os critérios diagnósticos principais. Recentemente, técnicas imaginológicas inovadoras aperfeiçoaram o diagnóstico e seguimento de pacientes com doença de Crohn, por permitirem a exploração desse segmento intestinal.Os autores revisam a literatura pertinente ao papel da enterografia por tomografia computadorizada e da enterografia por ressonância magnética na avaliação da doença de Crohn no intestino delgado.Os autores concluem que a escolha do exame a ser realizado deve levar em conta diversos fatores, como a idade do paciente, tolerabilidade, o fenótipo da doença de Crohn e a disponibilidade dos recursos hospitalares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Crohn Disease/diagnostic imaging
6.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 38(1): 188-198, ene.-abr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902336

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Los tumores cerebrales pueden presentar cambios morfológicos dependiendo de su grado de malignidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es poder detectar y cuantificar estos cambios morfológicos a partir imágenes de resonancia magnética, ya que puede representar una ventaja importante para el diagnóstico no invasivo de los pacientes. Una forma de identificar dichos cambios morfológicos es a través de la medición de su tortuosidad. La tortuosidad discreta es un descriptor que caracteriza curvas bidimensionales, como el contorno de una región. En este trabajo se propone una variante para calcular la tortuosidad de superficies volumétricas. Esta técnica se basa en el uso del código cadena de cambios de pendientes del contorno superficial de un volumen y la denominamos como tortuosidad discreta tridimensional. Este descriptor se utiliza como un índice morfométrico para estudiar la tortuosidad de tumores cerebrales. Para ello se analizan imágenes de resonancia magnética de 20 pacientes con presencia de gliomas de bajo y alto grado de malignidad, considerando cuatro regiones de interés: edema, tumor entero, región activa y necrosis. Como resultado, se muestran los distintos grados de tortuosidad de las diversas regiones, encontrándose solo en algunas de ellas diferencias significativas. Cabe señalar que una desventaja que se tiene presente, es la dependencia de la medición a la utilización de un método robusto de segmentación de las regiones, sin embargo la propuesta de la tortuosidad discreta para superficies volumétricas es satisfactoria.


Abstract: A decision tree based system with heuristic weight factors oriented to diagnosis by Morphological changes in brain tumors may be related to their malignancy. The objective of this work is to be able to detect and quantify these changes in a magnetic resonance imaging, since it can represent an important advantage for the noninvasive diagnosis in patients. One way to identify such morphological changes can be through the measurement of their tortuosity. The discrete tortuosity is a descriptor that characterizes bi-dimensional curves, as the contour of a region. In this work an alternative procedure for calculating the volumetric tortuosity of a surface is proposed. This technique is based in the slope chain code of the surface contour of a volume, and here we call it tridimensional discrete tortuosity. This descriptor is used as a morphometric index to study the tortuosity of brain tumors. For this, magnetic resonance images from 20 patients with low and high malignancy levels were analyzed, considering four regions: edema, whole tumor, enhancing region, and necrotic region. As a result, the tortuosities of the different regions are presented, with significant differences only in some of them. It should be noted that a disadvantage that is present, is the dependence of the measurement to the use of a robust method of segmentation, nevertheless the proposal of the discrete tortuosity for volumetric surfaces is satisfactory.

7.
Univ. sci ; 20(2): 247-259, may.-ago. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-755656

ABSTRACT

The lulo La Selva P32 is a cross over different kinds of lulo. Though its sensory characteristics improvement, its life span is very short. Due to it is a new kind of lulo, there are not so many studies over the ripening process. In order to understand some softening processes, in this work it is evaluated the xylanase kinetics at the lulo peel during ripening, and the results are correlated with the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) relaxation time T2 . During ripening time, it is observed that the xylanase is one of the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the cell wall polymers. In addition, two T2 values regimes were distinguished by the xylanase kinetics. Although the correlation coefficient of 0.82 and p = 0.024 values, the results suggest that T2 weighted MRI can be useful as a non-invasive tool for ripening process monitoring.


El Lulo La Selva P32 es un fruto producto del entrecruzamiento de varias especies de lulo. Aunque tiene mejores características organolépticas, su vida útil es corta. Dado que se trata de una variedad relativamente nueva de lulo, no hay muchos estudios sobre su proceso de maduración. En este trabajo, con el fin de entender algunos de los procesos de ablandamiento de esta variedad de lulo, por una parte, se evalúa la cinética de la xilanasa en la corteza durante la maduración y, por otra parte, estos resultados se correlacionan con el tiempo de relajación T2 , de la Imágenes de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (IRM). Durante la maduración se observó que la xilanasa es una de las enzimas involucradas en la hidrólisis de los polímeros de la pared celular. Además, a partir de los resultados de la cinética de la xilanasa, se pudieron distinguir dos regímenes de valores T2 . Aunque el coeficiente de correlación fue de 0.82 y p = 0.024, los resultados sugieren que la determinación de T2 por medio de IRM se puede utilizar como una herramienta no invasiva en el proceso de monitoreo de maduración.


O Lulo La Selva P32 é um produto fruto do cruzamento de várias espécies de lulo com um tempo de vida útil curto. Existem poucos estudos para entender os mecanismos que influenciam o amolecimento no lulillo. Este artigo se relaciona com a atividade da xilanase na casca do lulillo com a mobilidade das águas livres (tempo de relaxamento T2 ). O T2 se quantificou por imagens de ressonáncia magnética e a atividade da xilanase por métodos bioquímicos. Se observou uma tendencia no comportamiento dos valores do T2 na mobilidade das águas livres semelhantes á atividade da xilanase, associando-se a migração da água desde o exterior do fruto pela ação da enzima, involucrada na hidrólise de polímeros da parede celular. Apesar do coeficiente de correlação (0.82) e do p (0.024), os resultados sugerem que as imagens de ressonáncia poderiam ser uma alternativa nao destrutiva na indústria de exportação, visto que permite determinar o início da senescencia do fruto, baseado em condições fisiológicas e bioquímicas.

8.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(1): 96-99, Mar. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-743770

ABSTRACT

Physical anthropometry is a subdivision of human anatomy science, which has uses in medical industries. A lot of studies showed that genetic, racial, and socioeconomic factors and educational background play rule in anthropometry. We aim this study to determine the presence of differences between gender and corpus callosum size. MRIs were collected from Ardebil and Kermanshah states done in 2013, the participants were informed about this study. They were selected based on age more than 20-years old, absence of demyelization and degenerative diseases, clean history of for neurosurgery, and previous cerebrovascular accidents. MRIs were analyzed by PmsDview program in the midsagittal section by using 9 landmarks, and the data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0. The mean corpus callosum in men was 551.9547±130.55 mm2, and 613.2353±99.98 mm2, and by using t-test (p<0.05), there was no difference in corpus callosum size in both genders. By comparing the results of this study results and other studies we believe that genetic, racial factors, beside education background play great rule to determine corpus callosum size. We suggest that such research to be done in other states of Iran, and Middle East and Asian countries which can confirm genetic and racial factors in anthropometry.


La antropometría física es una rama de la anatomía humana utilizada en las industrias médicas. Una gran cantidad de estudios ha demostrado que factores genéticos, raciales y socioeconómicos, así como antecedentes educativos forman parte de las reglas en la antropometría. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la presencia de diferencias entre el sexo y el tamaño del cuerpo calloso. Se obtuvieron imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) pertenecientes a sujetos de los estados de Ardebil y Kermanshah en Irán, el año 2013. Los participantes fueron informados acerca del estudio y seleccionados en base a la edad y debían ser mayores de 20 años. Fueron incluidos casos con ausencia de desmielinización o enfermedades degenerativas, un historial sin antecedentes de neurocirugía o accidentes cerebrovasculares previos. Las IRM fueron analizadas con el programa PmsDview en la sección sagital mediana usando 9 puntos de referencia; los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS 19.0. El tamaño promedio del cuerpo calloso en los hombres fue 551,9547±130,55 mm2, y en mujeres 613,2353±99,98 mm2. Mediante el uso de la prueba t (p<0,05), no hubo diferencia en el tamaño del cuerpo calloso en ambos sexos. Al comparar estos resultados con otros estudios, existen factores genéticos, raciales, además de la educación, que juegan un papel importante al determinar el tamaño del cuerpo calloso. Sugerimos que este tipo de investigación que se realice en otros estados de Irán, el Medio Oriente y en los países asiáticos, para confirmar que los factores genéticos y raciales modifican la antropometría.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Corpus Callosum/anatomy & histology , Organ Size , Sex Characteristics , Iran , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Sex Factors
9.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 43(3): 154-161, jul.-sep. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-735111

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Aún existen dudas sobre la conectividad cerebral en el trastorno bipolar tipo I (TBI) y son necesarios estudios con resonancia magnética funcional en estado de reposo (RMf-ER) durante la eutimia para identificar alteraciones funcionales del trastorno. Objetivo: Evaluar con RMf-ER la diferencias de activación cerebral entre los pacientes eutí-micos con TBI y los sujetos de control y explorar el efecto del litio en esta activación. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 21 pacientes eutímicos con TBI y 12 controles, usando RMf-ER y un análisis de componentes independientes. En el grupo con TBI, también se realizó una comparación entre 10 pacientes con TBI en monoterapia con litio y 11 sin medicación. Resultados: Se encontró mayor activación en el hipocampo derecho (p = 0,049) y el cíngulo posterior (p = 0,040) en la Default Mode Network (DMN) del grupo TBI frente a los controles. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo de TBI con litio y los pacientes con TBI sin medicación. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican alteraciones en la activación y la conectividad cerebral en el TBI durante la eutimia y principalmente en el cíngulo posteriory el hipocampo dentro de la DMN, la cual podría tener relevancia en la regulación afectiva.


Introduction: As there are still doubts about brain connectivity in type I bipolar disorder (BID), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) studies are necessary during euthymia for a better control of confounding factors. Objective: To evaluate the differences in brain activation between euthymic BID patients and control subjects using resting state- functional-magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), and to identify the lithium effect in these activations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 21 BID patients (10 receiving lithium only, and 11 non-medicated) and 12 healthy control subjects, using RS fMRI and independent component analysis (ICA). Results: Increased activation was found in the right hippocampus (P = .049) and posterior cingulate (P = .040) within the Default Mode Network (DMN) when BID and control group were compared. No statistically significant differences were identified between BID on lithium only therapy and non-medicated BID patients. Conclusions: The results suggest that there are changes in brain activation and connectivity in BID even during euthymic phase and mainly within the DMN network, which could be relevant in affect regulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Social Control, Formal , Bipolar Disorder , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Patients , Rest , Brain , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Control Groups , Cross-Sectional Studies , Callitrichinae , Gyrus Cinguli
10.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 34(2): 145-155, Apr. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-740153

ABSTRACT

Polymers synthesized by plasma derived from pyrrole have been recently implanted in rats with spinal cord injuries (SCI) using a complete section model; the polymers contribute to the functional recovery after the injury. In this work, the SCI in rats was studied using noninvasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also computerized axial tomography taken chronologically with and without polymeric implants. 3D reconstructions were used to follow the structural arrangement, the location of the implant and the formation of cysts. MRI shows a clear differentiation between white and gray matter, the implanted material and cysts due to secondary damage after the injury.


Polímeros sintetizados por plasma derivados del pirrol, han sido implantados en ratas con lesión de médula espinal (LME) usando un modelo de lesión por sección completa; los polímeros contribuyen a la recuperación funcional después de la lesión. En este trabajo, la LME se estudió usando técnicas no invasivas como imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM) y tomografía axial computarizada tomada cronológicamente en sujetos con y sin implante polimérico. Se usaron reconstrucciones 3D para seguir el arreglo estructural, la localización del implante y la formación de quistes. Las IRM muestran una clara diferenciación entre materia gris, materia blanca, material implantado y quistes formados debido a los mecanismos de daño secundario después de la lesión.

11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 70(10): 807-813, Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-651597

ABSTRACT

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has been traditionally described as the association of recurrent or bilateral optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Identification of aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) has deeply changed the concept of NMO. A spectrum of NMO disorders (NMOSD) has been formulated comprising conditions which include both AQP4-IgG seropositivity and one of the index events of the disease (recurrent or bilateral optic neuritis and LETM). Most NMO patients harbor asymptomatic brain MRI lesions, some of them considered as typical of NMO. Some patients with aquaporin-4 autoimmunity present brainstem, hypothalamic or encephalopathy symptoms either preceding an index event or occurring isolatedly with no evidence of optic nerve or spinal involvement. On the opposite way, other patients have optic neuritis or LETM in association with typical lesions of NMO on brain MRI and yet are AQP4-IgG seronegative. An expanded spectrum of NMO disorders is proposed to include these cases.


Neuromielite óptica (NMO) tem sido tradicionalmente caracterizada como associação de neurite óptica recorrente ou bilateral e mielite tranversa longitudinalmente extensa (MTLE). O conceito de NMO tem mudado desde a identificação do anticorpo antiaquaporina-4. A NMO é atualmente considerada como um espectro de condições contendo pelo menos um dos eventos índices da doença (neurite óptica recorrente ou bilateral e MTLE) e soropositividade para AQP4-IgG. A maioria dos pacientes apresenta lesões cerebrais à imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM), algumas delas típicas de NMO. Pacientes soropositivos podem desenvolver sintomas de tronco encefálico, hipotálamo e de encefalopatia precedendo os eventos índices, ou isoladamente, na ausência de qualquer evidência de alteração visual ou espinal. Por outro lado, há pacientes soronegativos que apresentam ou neurite óptica ou MTLE associada a lesões cerebrais típicas de NMO à IRM. Todas essas situações estão incluídas no espectro expandido de NMO aqui proposto.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , /blood , Autoantibodies/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Neuromyelitis Optica/diagnosis , /immunology , Autoantibodies/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neuromyelitis Optica/immunology
12.
West Indian med. j ; 61(1): 49-57, Jan. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672849

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Compared with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior visualization of the fetal brain. It confirms and characterizes brain abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound, particularly in late pregnancy when acoustic windows are difficult or fetal position is inaccessible. Prior to July 2008, only two studies were attempted at our institution as local technical expertise was unavailable. Following collaboration with a neuroradiologist at an expert centre, images of sufficient quality for diagnosis were obtained. OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to evaluate the initial experience with fetal brain MRI and its effects on patient counselling and management in a resource limited healthcare system. METHOD: In seven fetuses with abnormal ultrasound neuroimaging, fetal MRI was performed with T2- weighted single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) sequences using a 1.5T magnet (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging did not alter ultrasound diagnosis in two patients (28%); however, it changed the diagnosis in three (43%), provided additional information in one (14%) and changed management in two (28%) patients. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging availability further elucidated brain pathology, aided patient counselling, parental decision-making and multidisciplinary management.


ANTECEDENTES: A diferencia del ultrasonido, la imagen por resonancia magnética (IRM) ofrece una visualización superior del cerebro fetal. Mediante ella, se hace posible confirmar y caracterizar las anormalidades detectadas por el ultrasonido prenatal, particularmente en la última etapa del embarazo, cuando las ventanas acústicas son difíciles, o la posición fetal es inaccesible. Antes del 2008 de julio, se intentaron sólo dos estudios en nuestra institución, ya que a nivel local no se disponía de conocimientos técnicos especializados. Tras la colaboración con un neuroradiólogo en un centro especializado, se obtuvieron imágenes de calidad suficiente para realizar el diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la experiencia inicial con el IRM del cerebro fetal y sus efectos en cuanto a brindar consejos y tratamiento a los pacientes en un sistema de atención a la salud con recursos limitados. MÉTODO: En siete fetos con neuroimágenes de ultrasonido anormales, se llevó a cabo un IRM fetal con secuencias potenciadas en T2 como single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE), usando un imán 1.5T (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). RESULTADOS: La imagen por resonancia magnética (IRM) no alteró el diagnóstico del ultrasonido en dos pacientes (28%). Sin embargo, cambió el diagnóstico en tres (43%), dio información adicional en uno (14%), y cambió el tratamiento en dos (28%) pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: Poder contar con la imagen de resonancia magnética permitió dilucidar aún más la patología del cerebro, ayudar a dar consejos al paciente, tomar decisiones a los padres, y alcanzar un tratamiento multidisciplinario.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nervous System Malformations/diagnosis , Jamaica , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
13.
Rev. ADM ; 68(5): 244-248, sept.-oct. 2011. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-655858

ABSTRACT

A lo largo del tiempo se han utilizado diversos materiales de obturación para pulpotomías de dientes temporales, con características tales que aseguren el éxito del tratamiento, tal como elOxido de zinc y eugenol, IRM, Ionómero de vidrio y actualmenteelMTA,que ha mostrado excelentes propiedades en comparación con otros materiales.Por tantoel objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento clínico y radiográficodel trióxido mineral agregado (MTA) encomparación con el material de restauración intermedia (IRM) utilizado en el tratamiento en pulpotomía de molares temporales,en pacientesque acuden a la clínica de especialidaden Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México,en el periodo de abril de 2010 a febrero de 2011.Materiales y métodos:Se seleccionaron 10 pacientes de entre 3 y 6 años de edad con caries en molares temporales; a cada uno se les realizaron pulpotomías empleando MTA e IRM formando dos grupos: 1. Grupo control con IRM en 11 molares y 2. Grupo con MTA en 12. Se realizaron evaluaciones clínicas y radiográficas a tres y seis meses.Resultados: De los 10 pacientes incluidos, uno fue excluido del estudio por no asistir a las citas control. La muestra definitiva incluye 6 niños y 3 niñas, con promedio de edad de 4.3años. Los dientes restaurados con mayor frecuencia fueron elprimer molar superior derecho e izquierdo temporal con 6 restauraciones cada uno. En la evaluación clínica no se observaron signos o síntomas de patología, alanálisis radiográficono se observo signos de patología a los tres y seis meses. Conclusiones: Ambos materiales demostraron ser una elección adecuada para la terapéutica de pulpotomías y mantener el órgano dentario con funcionalidad hasta el momento de suexfoliación. Se observó éxito en el tratamiento en el aspecto clínico y radiográfico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Dental Care for Children/methods , Root Canal Filling Materials/therapeutic use , Pulpotomy/methods , Tooth, Deciduous , Evaluation Study , Schools, Dental , Mexico
14.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(7): 593-604, July 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557306

ABSTRACT

A imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) é o método de diagnóstico por imagem não invasivo mais sensível para avaliar as partes moles, particularmente o encéfalo, porém trata-se de uma técnica onerosa. O método fundamenta-se no fenômeno da ressonância magnética nuclear que ocorre quando núcleos atômicos com propriedades magnéticas presentes no corpo são submetidos a um campo magnético intenso, sendo posteriormente excitados por energia de radiofrequência e gerando, por sua vez, um sinal de onda de radiofrequência capaz de ser captado por uma antena receptora, passando por um processo matemático, chamado Transformada de Fourier, para posterior formação da imagem. Esse estudo objetivou realizar 10 exames completos da cabeça em cadáveres de cães normais à IRM e confeccionar um Atlas com as estruturas identificadas. As imagens foram adquiridas em um aparelho de ressonância magnética Gyroscan S15/HP Philips com campo magnético de 1,5Tesla. Os cadáveres foram posicionados com a cabeça no interior de uma bobina de cabeça humana e foram submetidos a cortes iniciais sagitais a partir de onde se planejou os cortes transversais e dorsais nas sequências de pulso spin-eco T1, T2 e DP. Em T1 utilizou-se TR=400ms e TE=30ms, T2 utilizou-se TR=2000ms e TE=80ms e na DP utilizou-se TR=2000ms e TE=30ms. A espessura do corte foi de 4mm, o número de médias foi igual a 2, a matriz foi de 256x256, o fator foi igual a 1,0 e o campo de visão foi de 14cm. A duração do exame completo da cabeça foi de 74,5minutos. As imagens obtidas com as sequências utilizadas e com a bobina de cabeça humana foram de boa qualidade. Em T1 a gordura tornou-se hiperintensa e o líquido hipointenso. Em T2 a gordura ficou menos hiperintensa e o líquido hiperintenso. A cortical óssea e o ar foram hipointensos em todas as sequências utilizadas devido a baixa densidade de prótons...


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive method of diagnostic imaging to evaluate soft tissues, specially the brain, however it is expensive. The method is based on the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon that occurs when atomic nucleus with magnetic proprieties in the body are submitted to a strong magnetic field, and excited with radio frequency generating a radio frequency signal captured by a receptive antenna. The signal is processed by Fourier Transform for the image formation. This study had the objective to obtain 10 complete exams of heads in cadavers of normal dogs to MRI and to make an Atlas of head structures. The images were obtained with a magnetic resonance unit Gyroscan S15/HP Philips using a magnetic field of 1,5Tesla. The cadavers were positioned with the head into a human head coil and submitted to sagittal slices used to plan transverse and dorsal slices in T1, T2 and DP spin-echo sequences. In T1 we adjusted TR=400ms and TE=30ms, in T2 TR=2000ms and TE=80ms and in DP TR=2000ms and TE=30ms. The slice thickness was 4mm, the number of averages 2, the matrix 256x256, the factor 1,0 and the field of view 14cm. The duration of the complete exam of the head was 74,5minutes. The images obtained with the described sequences and with the human head coil was of good quality. In T1 fat was hyperintense and fluid was hypointense. In T2 fat was less hyperintense and fluid was hyperintense. The cortical bone and the air were hypointense in all sequences used because of the low proton density. The DP sequence showed the best contrast between white and gray matter when compared with T2 and T1 sequences...


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/veterinary , Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological/veterinary , Head/anatomy & histology , Dogs
15.
West Indian med. j ; 59(2): 192-195, Mar. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672597

ABSTRACT

A retrospective analysis was done of all patients referred for MRI of the lumbar spine at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, during the three-year period January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2007. Data were collected to determine patients' age, gender, weight and the presence or absence of degenerative disc disease (DDD). The patients' presenting symptoms were not evaluated. There were 362 patients examined: 154 males, 204 females and four uncharacterized, aged between 8 and 87 (mean age = 50.45) years. Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), was found in 283 (78.2%) patients: 121 males, 159 females and three unidentified, with a total of 669 degenerate discs. L 4/5 and L 5/S 1 were most frequently affected accounting for 31.2% and 30.6% of degenerate discs respectively. Patients with DDD were significantly heavier and significantly older than patients without disc disease. Gender was not predictive of DDD in general nor of involvement of any particular disc though a marginally significant tendency was found for males to more frequently have DDD at L1/2 and L5/S1. CONCLUSION: Degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine occurred more frequently in older and heavier patients. Gender did not affect the presence or the extent of the disease; compared to females, males showed a marginally increased tendency to have DDD at L1/2 and L5/S1.


Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de todos los pacientes remitidos para IRM de la espina lumbar en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, durante el periodo de tres años comprendido de enero 1 de 2005 a diciembre 31 de 2007. Se recogieron datos de los pacientes a fin de determinar su edad, género, peso y la presencia o ausencia de la enfermedad degenerativa del disco (EDD). Los síntomas presentes en los pacientes no fueron evaluados. Se examinaron 362 pacientes: 154 varones, 204 hembras y cuatro no caracterizados, de edades entre 8 y 87 (edad promedio = 50.45) años. La enfermedad degenerativa del disco (EDD) se halló en 283 (78.2%) pacientes: 121 varones, 159 hembras y tres no identificados, para un total de 669 discos degenerados. L 4 /5 y L 5 / S 1 fueron los más frecuentemente afectados, representando el 31.2% y 30.6% de los discos degenerados, respectivamente. Los pacientes con EDD tenían significativamente más peso y mayor edad que aquellos sin la enfermedad del disco. El género no era en general predictivo de EDD ni de involucración de disco alguno en particular, si bien se halló marginalmente una tendencia significativa a una mayor frecuencia en la manifestación de EDD en L1 / 2 y L5 / S1 entre los varones CONCLUSIÓN: La enfermedad degenerativa del disco de la espina lumbar se presentó en pacientes de mayor edad y mayor peso. El género no afectó la presencia o la magnitud de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, en comparación con las hembras, los varones mostraron una tendencia marginalmente mayor a presentar EDD en L1/2 y L5/S1.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/diagnosis , Lumbar Vertebrae , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies
16.
Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection ; (12): 274-278, 2010.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-387258

ABSTRACT

Objective To screen and isolate the radioresistance related genes of IRM-2 mice.Methods cDNA library of IRM-2 mice was constructed by SMART technique.Total RNA was isolated from spleens of IRM-2 male mice.The first-strand cDNA was synthesized by using PowerScript reverse transeriptase,and double-strand cDNA was synthesized and amplified by long PCR.The PCR products were purified,digested with restriction enzyme Sfi I.The ds-cDNA fragment lessthan 500 bp was fractionated and ligated to the Sfi I-digested pDNR-LIB vector.The ligation mixture was transformed into E.coil DH5α by electroporution transformation to generate the unamplified cDNA library.The quality of cDNA library was identified by PCR technique.130 clones from cDNA library were sequenced and compared with GenBank database.Results The cDNA library contained 2.25 x 106 independent clones with an average insert size of 1.2 kb.The ratio of recombination and full-length was 95% and 55%,respectively.21 pieces of EST sequences from cDNA library were not the same as the known mice genes and registered into GenBank EST database,with registered number DW474856-DW474876.Conclusions cDNA library of IRM-2 mice has been constructed successfully.21 pieces of EST implies that radioresistance correlative genes may be in IRM-2 mice,which will lay a foundation for isolating and identifying radioresistance related genes in further study.

17.
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry ; : 359-367, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-151376

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with glass ionomer cement (GIC), and to compare it with that of MTA, GIC, IRM and SuperEBA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups such as 1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 1 : 2 groups depending on the mixing ratios of MTA powder and GIC powder. Instead of distilled water, GIC liquid was mixed with the powder. This study was carried out using MG-63 cells derived from human osteosarcoma. They were incubated for 1 day on the surfaces of disc samples and examined by scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of test materials quantitatively, XTT assay was used. The cells were exposed to the extracts and incubated. Cell viability was recorded by measuring the optical density of each test well in reference to controls. RESULTS: The SEM revealed that elongated, dense, and almost confluent cells were observed in the cultures of MTA mixed with GIC, MTA and GIC. On the contrary, cells on the surface of IRM or SuperEBA were round in shape. In XTT assay, cell viability of MTA mixed with GIC group was similar to that of MTA or GIC at all time points. IRM and SuperEBA showed significantly lower cell viability than other groups at all time points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this research MTA mixed with GIC showed similar cellular responses as MTA and GIC. It suggests that MTA mixed with GIC has good biocompatibility like MTA and GIC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acrylic Resins , Aluminum Compounds , Calcium Compounds , Cell Survival , Drug Combinations , Glass , Glass Ionomer Cements , Glutamates , Guanine , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Osteosarcoma , Oxides , Silicates , Silicon Dioxide , Water , Pemetrexed
18.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(4): 1287-1295, jul. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519130

ABSTRACT

A ressonância magnética é a propriedade física exibida por núcleos de determinados elementos que, quando submetidos a um campo magnético forte e excitados por ondas de rádio em determinada freqüência (Freqüência de Larmor), emitem rádio sinal, o qual pode ser captado por uma antena e transformado em imagem. A imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) é o método de diagnóstico por imagem não-invasivo mais sensível para avaliar partes moles, particularmente o encéfalo, porém trata-se de uma técnica onerosa. Ela apresenta grande potencial diagnóstico, poucos efeitos deletérios e muitos benefícios a serem obtidos com o seu uso. Além disso, a IRM fornece informações anatômicas acuradas, imagens em qualquer plano do corpo, bom contraste e resolução espacial e por si só pode sugerir um diagnóstico. Porém, não permite um diagnóstico histológico específico e deve ser interpretada em contexto com outros achados clínicos e patológicos. Esta revisão teve como objetivos mostrar as bases físicas da ressonância magnética e propiciar mais conhecimento aos veterinários.


Magnetic resonance is the physical propriety exhibited by the atomic nucleus of determined elements when they are submitted to a strong magnetic field and excited with radio waves in determined frequency (Larmor's Frequency). These originate a radio frequency signal, which can be captured by a receptive antenna and transformed in images. Although expensive, magnetic resonance is the most sensitive method of imaging to evaluate soft tissues, mainly the brain. Extensive diagnostic potential, few hazard effects, accurate anatomic information, images in any plain of the body, good contrast and spacial resolution are some advantages of this method. However, it does not allow a specific histological diagnosis and must be interpreted in context with others clinical and pathological findings. This review had the aim to show the physical bases of magnetic resonance to bring more knowledge to veterinarians.


Subject(s)
Animals , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Veterinary Medicine , Physics
19.
Univ. sci ; 13(3): 281-289, oct.-dic. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582118

ABSTRACT

La resolución en experimentos de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) con gases que hacen uso de gradientes de campo magnético, suele verse reducida debido a la rápida difusión de los mismos. En este artículo se presenta una solución a este problema basada en la mezcla de gases hiperpolarizados con láser (3He o Xe) con otros gases más pesados o más ligeros. De este modo, el coeficiente de difusión es modificado hasta en un orden de magnitud. La señal de imágenes en una dimensión de 3He es descrita en función de la concentración en una mezcla binaria de gases, y se muestra la existencia de una concentración óptima para ciertos parámetros de resolución en las imágenes. Los experimentos muestran que con dicha concentración, se consiguen ganancias de hasta 10 veces la señal del 3He puro, concordando con la teoría para difusión no restringida. Finalmente, se ilustra el método en imágenes 2D de 3He mezclado con diversos gases en un pulmón, que contiene cavidades restrictivas de diversos tamaños.


Resolution of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments with gases employing magnetic field gradients is greatly reduced due to their rapid diffusion. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem basedon a mixture of gases hyperpolarized with laser (LP) (3He or Xe) with other heavier and lighter buffer gases. In this way the diffusion coefficient can be modified up to one order of magnitude. The signal of 1D images of 3He is described as a function of the concentration in a binary mixture of gases, and we show the existence of an optimum concentration for some image resolution parameters. Experimentsshow that with this concentration, the signal can gain an increase of up to 10 times the signal with pure 3He, in agreement with the theory of non-restricted diffusion. Finally, the method is illustrated with 2D images of LP-3He mixed with several gases in a lung containing restrictive cavities with different sizes.


A resolução nos experimentos de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) com gases que usam gradientes de campo magnético, frequentemente é reduzida por causa da rápida difusão dos mesmos. Neste artigo apresenta-se uma solução para este problema baseada na mistura de gases hiperpolarizados com laser (3He ou Xe) com outros gases mais pesados ou mais leves. Desta forma, o coeficiente de difusão é modificado até uma ordem de magnitude. O sinal de imagensnuma dimensão de 3He é descrita em função da concentração numa mistura binária de gases, e se mostra a existência de uma concentraçãootimizada para certos parâmetros de resolução das imagens. Os experimentos mostram que com essa concentração, conseguem-se ganânciasde até 10 vezes o sinal do 3He puro, concordando com a teoria para a difusão não restringida. Finalmente, ilustra-se o método em imagens2D de 3He misturando com diversos gases num pulmão, que contem cavidades restritivas de diversos tamanhos.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Lung
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4a): 931-935, dez. 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470116

ABSTRACT

Rather than acute inflammation, long-standing multiple sclerosis (MS) course is hallmarked by relentless axonal loss and brain atrophy, both with subtle clinical expression and scarcely visible on conventional MRI studies. Brain atrophy imaging has sophisticated methodological requirements, not always practical and accessible to most centers. Corpus callosum (CC) is a major inter-hemispheric white matter bundle, grossly affected by long term MS and easily assessed by MRI. To determine whether a practical imaging method can reliably follow presumed axonal loss in patients with progressive MS, we designed a 5-year prospective open label study, enrolling 128 consecutive patients (75 relapsing-remitting (RR) and 53 secondary-progressive (SP)), on regular immunomodulatory therapy compared to control group, formed by 23 patients with MRI considered normal. On a conventional best mid-saggital T1W, CC index (CCI) was obtained by measuring anterior, medium and posterior segments of CC, normalized to its greatest anteroposterior diameter using an orthogonal semi-automated linear system. CCI was measured at baseline and at least once yearly. Results were plotted intra-individually; baseline values were used as reference. At baseline, CCI was able to distinguish SP patients from RR and controls, and on follow-up, despite some overlap, demonstrated a progressive reduction from baseline on both RR and SP groups compared to controls. From the third year on, difference between SP and RR patients reached statistical significance, which did not correlated with disability measured by EDSS. So, a corpus callosum index proved practical and feasible to longitudinally demonstrate morphometric callosal changes with potential to be used as a tool for long-term follow-up, mostly in SP patients.


Mais do que inflamação aguda, a perda celular e conseqüente atrofia cerebral são os fatos patofisiológicos mais marcantes na fase progressiva da esclerose múltipla (EM). No entanto, correlatos clínicos e de imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) destes eventos, requerem sofisticada tecnologia, nem sempre prática e quase nunca acessível à maioria dos centros de tratamento. Deste modo, considerando a hipótese de que esta perda celular compromete fibras associativas que compõem o corpo caloso (CC), estrutura facilmente acessível à IRM convencional, nosso grupo elaborou um estudo prospectivo aberto, atualmente com 5 anos de duração, e envolvendo 128 pacientes consecutivos, todos em acompanhamento regular em nosso centro de tratamento para a EM. A aquisição do índice de CC se deu através de um "melhor" corte meio-sagital em estudo convencional de imagem ponderada por T1, utilizando um sistema linear ortogonal semi-automatizado. Este índice foi obtido no início do seguimento e sua evolução foi acompanhada anualmente. A partir do terceiro ano deste seguimento, sua diferença entre os pacientes com a forma surto-remissiva e aqueles com a forma secundariamente progressiva alcançou significância estatística. Esta diferença não mostrou correlação com o grau de incapacidade medido pelo EDSS. Assim, um índice de CC mostrou-se uma medida prática para o seguimento de alterações morfométricas do corpo caloso, provando assim potencial para ser utilizado no acompanhamento em longo prazo de pacientes com EM, em especial aqueles com a forma progressiva.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Multiple Sclerosis/pathology , Atrophy , Case-Control Studies , Disease Progression , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prospective Studies
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