Desenvolvimento do conhecimento profissional docente no seio de práticas colaborativas: um estudo no contexto de um programa de formação de professores / Desarrollo del conocimiento profesional docente en el seno de las prácticas colaborativas: un estudio en el contexto del programa de formación de profesorado / Development of professional teacher knowledge within collaborative practices: a study in the context of teacher initial education

Este estudo analisou a construção do conhecimento profissional docente de residentes de Educação Física no contexto do programa Residência Pedagógica no seio de uma comunidade. Participaram um professor orientador, três professores preceptores e 24 residentes, que se reuniram semanalmente, numa dinâmica de trabalho construtivo-colaborativo, totalizando 18 meses. As fontes de dados foram relatórios, casos de ensino e portfólios reflexivos, produzidos por seis residentes selecionados propositadamente. Os dados foram triangulados e submetidos à análise temática. Os residentes desenvolveram diferentes conhecimentos, mas foram as capacidades relacionadas ao agir profissional que mais se destacaram. Os dispositivos formativos contribuíram para desenvolver a racionalidade reflexiva, crítica e comunicativa dos residentes. A comunidade revelou-se espaço de partilha, de desenvolvimento de interações estreitas e horizontais entre diferentes saberes e profissionais, permitindo a transição do conhecimento-para-prática e conhecimento-na-prática para o conhecimento-da-prática, bem como a passagem de uma posição periférica e individual do conhecimento para um saber construído no coletivo. (AU)

Este estudio analizó la construcción del conocimiento profesional docente de residentes de Educación Física en el contexto del Programa Residencia Pedagógica en el seno de una comunidad. Participaron un profesor orientador, tres profesores colaboradores y 24 residentes (estudiantes en prácticas), que se reunieron semanalmente durante 18 meses en una dinámica de trabajo constructivo-colaborativo. Las fuentes de datos fueron informes, casos de enseñanza y portafolios reflexivos, producidos por seis residentes seleccionados deliberadamente. Los datos fueron triangulados y sometidos al análisis temático. Los residentes desarrollaron diferentes conocimientos, pero fueron las capacidades relacionadas al actuar profesional las que más se destacaron. Los dispositivos formativos contribuyeron para desarrollar la racionalidad reflexiva, crítica y comunicativa de los residentes. La comunidad ha demostrado ser un espacio de intercambio, de desarrollo de interacciones estrechas y horizontales entre diferentes saberes y profesionales, permitiendo la transición del conocimiento-para-práctica y conocimiento-en-práctica al conocimiento-de-la-práctica, así como el paso de una posición periférica e individual del conocimiento a un saber construido en la colectividad. (AU)

This study analyzed the construction of teaching professional knowledge of Physical Education residents in the context of the Pedagogical Residency program within a community. One supervisor, three collaborating teachers and 24 residents (undergraduate students) participated. They met weekly for 18 months in a dynamic of constructive-collaborative work. Data sources were reports, teaching cases, and reflective portfolios produced by six purposefully selected residents. Data were triangulated and subjected to thematic analysis. Residents developed different knowledge, but the skills related to professional action stood out the most. The formative devices contributed to developing the residents' reflective, critical, and communicative rationality. The community proved to be a space for sharing, for the development of close and horizontal interactions between different types of knowledge and professionals, allowing the transition from knowledge-to-practice and knowledge-in-practice to knowledge-of-practice, as well as the transition from a peripheral and individual position of knowledge for a knowledge built collectively. (AU)

Intelligent identification of the big data of liver injury-related adverse drug reactions based on text database / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To establish the intelligent identification method for the big data of liver injury-related adverse drug reaction (ADR) based on the construction of text database. Methods With the keywords including "drug-induced liver injury" and "abnormal liver function" and a search time of January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016, 5% (4152 cases) of the case reports of liver injury-related ADR were retrieved and extracted from the China Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System, and then based on clinical reevaluation by physicians, these cases were classified into "negative cases", "suspected cases", and "confirmed cases". On this basis, key elements (including ADR name, biochemical parameter, and clinical symptoms) were identified. An intelligent identification method for liver injury-related ADR was established based on the correlation analysis between key elements and clinical reevaluation and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for determining cut-off values, and the method of cross validation was used to evaluate the performance of this intelligent identification method. Results The formula for the evaluation and identification of liver injury-related ADR was as follows: total score (M)=symptom score+index score+ADR name score. This formula showed the best discriminatory ability to distinguish "negative case" from "suspected case" or "confirmed case" at M=5 (area under the ROC curve [AUC]=0.97), with a sensitivity of 99.57% and a specificity of 84.61%, and it showed the best discriminatory ability to distinguish "confirmed case" from "suspected case" or "negative case" at M=12 (AUC=0.938), with a sensitivity of 87.93% and a specificity of 85.98%. Conclusion This method provides reference and basis for intelligent identification and evaluation of big data on liver injury-related ADR and is expected to effectively reduce the burden of manual processing of ADR big data and provide effective tools and methodological demonstration for early risk signal identification and warning of liver injury-related ADR.

Research on the construction of drug knowledge base based on machine learning / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To construct a drug knowledge base based on drug instructions.Methods:Six hundred randomly selected drug instructions were labeled manually and divided into training set and test set. The training was based on bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM) and conditional random fields(CRF) model to complete the recognition of medical entities. The extracted entities were standardized by the hybrid model of " similarity calculation and rule mapping table" , and then the drug information was imported into the Access database.Results:In the task of named entity recognition based on Bi-LSTM and CRF model, except for the crowd entities, the other entities had achieved good results with an F-value higher than 85%. Based on the hybrid model of " similarity calculation and rule mapping table" , the accuracy of entity standardization was 88.23%.Conclusions:The effect of the machine learning model in this study is similar to that of other named entity recognition and entity standardization studies, which can complete the task of drug knowledge base construction satisfactorily.

Evidence on Nursing Administration Epistemology / Evidencias sobre una Epistemología de la Administración en Enfermería / Evidências sobre uma Epistemologia de Administração em Enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: Reflecting critically on the epistemological aspects of the of knowledge construction on Nursing Administration in Brazil. Methods: This is an article of theoretical reflection that aims to assess the epistemological aspects of the construction of knowledge about Nursing Administration. Results: The knowledge about Nursing Administration has a long way to go, as its epistemological repertoire is still timid. In addition, the lack of distinction of this knowledge in the communication of research products underestimates the production on Nursing Administration, as these products appear diluted in other areas of Nursing (care, research, and teaching). Final considerations: Due to the reflections, the need for new scientific evidence is highlighted, whose formulation of research questions can contribute to the delineation of phenomena that distinguish Nursing Administration as an area of research knowledge.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar críticamente sobre los aspectos epistemológicos de la construcción del conocimiento sobre Administración en al ámbito de la Enfermería en Brasil. Métodos: Este es un artículo de reflexión teórica que tiene como objetivo evaluar los aspectos epistemológicos de la construcción del conocimiento sobre Administración en Enfermería. Resultados: El conocimiento sobre la Administración en Enfermería tiene un largo camino por recorrer, ya que su repertorio epistemológico aún es tímido. Además, la falta de distinción de este conocimiento en la comunicación de los productos de investigación subestima la producción sobre Administración en Enfermería, ya que estos productos parecen diluidos en otras áreas de la Enfermería (cuidado, investigación y enseñanza). Consideraciones finales: debido a las reflexiones, se destaca la necesidad de nuevas pruebas científicas, cuya formulación de preguntas de investigación puede contribuir a la delimitación de fenómenos que distinguen a la Administración en Enfermería como un área de conocimiento de investigación.

RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir criticamente sobre os aspectos epistemológicos da construção do saber sobre Administração em Enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um artigo de reflexão teórica que tem por objeto a apreciação dos aspectos epistemológicos da construção do saber sobre Administração em Enfermagem. Resultados: O conhecimento sobre Administração em Enfermagem tem um longo caminho a trilhar, pois seu repertório epistemológico ainda é tímido. Além disso, a falta de distinção desse saber na comunicação de produtos de pesquisa subestima a produção sobre Administração em Enfermagem, pois esses produtos aparecem diluídos em outras áreas da Enfermagem (assistência, pesquisa e ensino). Considerações finais: Em razão das reflexões, ressalta-se a necessidade de novas evidências científicas cuja formulação de perguntas de pesquisa possa contribuir para o delineamento de fenômenos que distingam a Administração em Enfermagem como área de conhecimento em pesquisa.

Integrating “ancient” and “present” to build a new system of intelligent traditional Chinese medicine / 第二军医大学学报

Difficult inheritance and poor clinical service ability are two major problems limiting the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the gradual maturity of artificial intelligence technology in the medical field, under the background of national strategy for promoting TCM development, the construction of comprehensive ecological TCM knowledge base and intelligent system will change and improve the traditional inheritance model of TCM and enhance the clinical service ability of TCM. Meanwhile, the formulation of relevant laws and regulations will promote the development of intelligent TCM and further enhance the service ability of TCM. In the program, we aim to develop a novel intelligent TCM system that covers the construction and analysis of TCM knowledge at the grassroots level, so as to provide a new model for the promotion of intelligent TCM in China.

Application of artificial intelligence technology: Clinical demands, status and challenges of clinical decision support system for rare diseases / 第二军医大学学报

The incidence of rare diseases is extremely low, but the overall number of patients with rare diseases is quite large. The consequences of rare diseases are severe and impose a heavy burden on patients, their families and the entire society. Although there are many researches on gene sequencing technology and clinical decision support system (CDSS) combined with artificial intelligence technology to assist the diagnosis of rare diseases, the diagnosis of rare diseases remains a great challenge in clinical practice. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the CDSS for rare diseases, aiming to analyze the current technique status and challenges of artificial intelligence technology in rare diseases.

Avaliação do grau de conhecimento sobre xerostomia em estudantes de graduação do curso de odontologia / Knowledge of the degree of evaluation about xerostomia in undergraduate students of dentistry

A xerostomia é uma alteração da saliva que causa sensação de ressecamento bucal, devido à produção di¬minuída de saliva. Dentre os fatores etiológicos, estão: a hipofunção das glândulas salivares, a ingestão de medicamentos, tratamento de radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço, stress, alcoolismo, fumo, emoções constantes, síndrome de Sjögren, dentre outras. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de conheci¬mento sobre xerostomia dos alunos do último ano de graduação do curso de Odontologia do Centro Uni¬versitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Caracteriza-se em um estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Foram incluídos alunos de ambos os gêneros, maiores de 18 anos de idade, perten¬centes ao último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia. O universo e amostra foram compostos por 62 alunos sendo 31 do gênero masculino (50%) e 31 do gênero feminino (50%). Observou-se que no questionário 100% dos alunos definiram corretamente a xerostomia. A maioria dos alunos conhecem as características da saliva e da xerostomia (91,4% e 87,9%, respectivamente), e 85,5% souberam indicar o correto tratamento da xerostomia. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que foi satisfatório o grau de conhecimento dos alunos do último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia sobre xerostomia

Among the etiological factors are: salivary glands hypofuntion, drugs ingestion, radiation treatment in the head and neck, stress, alcoholism, smoking, constant emotions, Sjögren's syndrome, among others. This research aimed to evaluate the degree of knowledge about xerostomia of undergraduate students from the last year of the dentistry course at Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. It is character¬ized in a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. Students from both genders were included, older than 18 years old, and belonging to the last year of the dentistry degree course. The universe and the sample was composed of 62 students, 31 male (50%) and 31 females (50%). It was noted that in the questionnaire, 100% of them correctly defined xerostomia. Most students know the characteristics of saliva and dry mouth (91.4% and 87.9%, respectively), and 85.5% could indicate the correct treatment of xerostomia. Given the results, it was concluded that the knowledge level of the last year students in the dentistry degree course about xerostomia was satisfactory

Using ontologies to retrieve health evidence information from clinical notes / Uso de ontologias para recuperar informação de evidência em saúde a partir de notas clínicas / El uso de ontologías para recuperar información de evidencia em salud a partir de las notas clínicas

Objective: To present a strategy to search evidence databases directly from clinical notes, thus relieving health professionals from performing searches. Method: An ontology related to health domain, specifically for the domain of adult asthma, was developed to illustrate how to extract search terms from clinical notes. Another ontology was developed to describe evidence databases. Results: Synthetic notes, simulating clinical conditions for patients with respiratory diseases, were used to search information from two evidence databases, PubMed and PEDro. SPARQL queries were automatically generated to connect both ontologies. Conclusion: This scenario demonstrated how to search for evidence from electronic health records notes, helping health professionals to receive relevant information while they assist patients.

Objetivo: Apresentar uma estratégia para pesquisar bases de evidências a partir de notas clínicas, aliviando os profissionais de saúde da tarefa de elaborar buscas. Método: Uma ontologia no domínio da saúde, especificamente sobre asma em adultos, foi desenvolvida para ilustrar como obter informação para a estratégia de busca a partir das notas clínicas. Outra ontologia captura informações sobre as bases de evidências. Resultados: Notas sintéticas, simulando condições clínicas de pacientes com doenças respiratórias, foram utilizadas para buscar informação em duas bases de evidências distintas, PubMed e PEDro. Consultas em SPARQL foram automaticamente geradas para conectar as ontologias. Conclusão: Este cenário demonstrou a viabilidade de procurar por evidências a partir de registros eletrônicos de saúde, ajudando os profissionais de saúde a obter informações relevantes enquanto atendem pacientes.

Objetivo: Presentar una estrategia para buscar bases de evidencia directamente de las notas clínicas, creadas en los registros electrónicos de salud, con ontologías para capturar conocimiento relacionado a la salud y a las bases de evidencia. Método: Una ontología, que se define para el dominio de la salud de asma del adulto, se utiliza para extraer información relevante de notas clínicas. Otra ontología captura información sobre bases de evidencia. Resultados: Notas simulando las condiciones clínicas para pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias se utilizaron para buscar información de dos bases de evidencia, PubMed y Pedro. Consultas SPARQL se generan automáticamente para conectar ambas ontologías. Conclusión: En este escenario se ha demostrado la viabilidad de la búsqueda de evidencia desde los registros electrónicos de salud, ayudando a los profesionales de salud para obtener información relevante al reunirse con pacientes.

Los enfermeros y la seguridad del paciente en la praxis hospitalaria / Os enfermeiros e a segurança do paciente na práxis hospitalar / Nurses and patient safety in hospital practice

Study of qualitative nature, with the aimof analyzing nurses' knowledge on patient safety in the hospital environment.Field research was conducted in October 2015 at a general hospital in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, by means of semi-structured interviews with 43 nurses.The data were analyzed with the use ofBardin'scontent analysis method, identifying two categories:nurses' knowledge on patient safety in hospital practice and patient safety in nursing practice:strengths/strategies and weaknesses/difficulties.The results pointed that nurses have knowledge on patient safety based on the World Health Organization and the Patient Safety National Program, and they demonstrated concern for aligning work processes and improving safety culture in health services (AU).

Estudo de natureza qualitativa, com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre segurança do paciente no ambiente hospitalar. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em um hospital geral do sul de Minas Gerais, em outubro de 2015, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 43 enfermeiros. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo, conforme Bardin, identificando duas categorias: conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre segurança do paciente na práxis hospitalar e segurança do paciente na práxis do enfermeiro: fortalezas/estratégias e fragilidades/dificuldades. Os resultados apontam que os enfermeiros possuem o conhecimento sobre segurança do paciente embasado na Organização Mundial de Saúde e Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente e demonstram preocupação em alinhar os processos de trabalho e melhorar a cultura de segurança no serviço de saúde (AU).

Estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa, con el objetivo de analizar el conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre seguridad del paciente en el ámbito hospitalario. La investigación de campo fue realizada en un hospital general de Minas Gerais, en octubre de 2015, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 43 enfermeros. Datos analizados utilizando técnica de análisis de contenido según Bardin, identificándose dos categorías: conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre seguridad del paciente en la praxis hospitalaria y seguridad del paciente en la praxis del enfermero: fortalezas/estrategias y debilidades/dificultades. Los resultados expresan que los enfermeros poseen el conocimiento sobre seguridad del paciente basado en la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el Programa Nacional de Seguridad del Paciente, y demuestran preocupación por ordenar los procesos de trabajo y mejorar la cultura de seguridad del servicio de salud (AU).

Memória de um movimento: a revista Saúde em Debate e a reforma sanitária brasileira / The history of a movement: Saúde em Debate magazine and Brazilian health reform

Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos momentos significativos da trajetória da revista Saúde em Debate. Para isso utilizamos documentos, estudos históricos, números da revista, trabalhos acadêmicos e depoimentos de sanitaristas que contribuíram para a sua criação. Nesses 39 anos de existência, embora possam ter ocorrido variações na política editorial da revista, o papel de ser um meio de intercâmbio e debate do pensamento crítico sanitário e de alguma forma intervir no processo politico nacional, não se alterou. A revista consolidou-se como um veículo de comunicação científica, especialmente nas áreas da política e da gestão em saúde, ampliando o escopo temático ao longo do tempo. Entre os desafios da revista, além de sua manutenção financeira, está em tornar-se, também, um instrumento de difusão do pensamento latinaomericano do campo da saúde.

Abstract This article traces significant moments in the history of the magazine Saúde em Debate – sourcing references and information from documents, historical studies, editions of the magazine, academic work and interviews with physicians and writers who contributed to its creation. In its 39 years of existence, although there may have been variations in the magazine's editorial policy, its role as a means for exchange of ideas and debate on critical health thinking, and making a contribution by in some way intervening in the Brazilian political process, has not changed. The magazine established itself with a firm reputation as a vehicle of scientific communication especially in the areas of health policy and management, expanding the scope of subjects over time. Among the challenges it has faced, as well as that of financial sustenance, has been its role as an instrument for dissemination of Latin American thinking in the field of health.

Healthcare Decision Support System for Administration of Chronic Diseases / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: A healthcare decision-making support model and rule management system is proposed based on a personalized rule-based intelligent concept, to effectively manage chronic diseases. METHODS: A Web service was built using a standard message transfer protocol for interoperability of personal health records among healthcare institutions. An intelligent decision service is provided that analyzes data using a service-oriented healthcare rule inference function and machine-learning platform; the rules are extensively compiled by physicians through a developmental user interface that enables knowledge base construction, modification, and integration. Further, screening results are visualized for the self-intuitive understanding of personal health status by patients. RESULTS: A recommendation message is output through the Web service by receiving patient information from the hospital information recording system and object attribute values as input factors. The proposed system can verify patient behavior by acting as an intellectualized backbone of chronic diseases management; further, it supports self-management and scheduling of screening. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic patients can continuously receive active recommendations related to their healthcare through the rule management system, and they can model the system by acting as decision makers in diseases management; secondary diseases can be prevented and health management can be performed by reference to patient-specific lifestyle guidelines.

Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of the Sentences in Three Clinical Practice Guidelines / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are an effective tool for minimizing the gap between a physician's clinical decision and medical evidence and for modeling the systematic and standardized pathway used to provide better medical treatment to patients. METHODS: In this study, sentences within the clinical guidelines are categorized according to a classification system. We used three clinical guidelines that incorporated knowledge from medical experts in the field of family medicine. These were the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults from the same institution; and the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2010 report from the American Diabetes Association. Three annotators each tagged 346 sentences hand-chosen from these three clinical guidelines. The three annotators then carried out cross-validations of the tagged corpus. We also used various machine learning-based classifiers for sentence classification. RESULTS: We conducted experiments using real-valued features and token units, as well as a Boolean feature. The results showed that the combination of maximum entropy-based learning and information gain-based feature extraction gave the best classification performance (over 98% f-measure) in four sentence categories. CONCLUSIONS: This result confirmed the contribution of the feature reduction algorithm and optimal technique for very sparse feature spaces, such as the sentence classification problem in the clinical guideline document.

Expert System Shells for Rapid Clinical Decision Support Module Development: An ESTA Demonstration of a Simple Rule-Based System for the Diagnosis of Vaginal Discharge / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using expert system shells for rapid clinical decision support module development. METHODS: A readily available expert system shell was used to build a simple rule-based system for the crude diagnosis of vaginal discharge. Pictures and 'canned text explanations' are extensively used throughout the program to enhance its intuitiveness and educational dimension. All the steps involved in developing the system are documented. RESULTS: The system runs under Microsoft Windows and is available as a free download at http://healthcybermap.org/vagdisch.zip (the distribution archive includes both the program's executable and the commented knowledge base source as a text document). The limitations of the demonstration system, such as the lack of provisions for assessing uncertainty or various degrees of severity of a sign or symptom, are discussed in detail. Ways of improving the system, such as porting it to the Web and packaging it as an app for smartphones and tablets, are also presented. CONCLUSIONS: An easy-to-use expert system shell enables clinicians to rapidly become their own 'knowledge engineers' and develop concise evidence-based decision support modules of simple to moderate complexity, targeting clinical practitioners, medical and nursing students, as well as patients, their lay carers and the general public (where appropriate). In the spirit of the social Web, it is hoped that an online repository can be created to peer review, share and re-use knowledge base modules covering various clinical problems and algorithms, as a service to the clinical community.

Development of Korean Rare Disease Knowledge Base / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: Rare disease research requires a broad range of disease-related information for the discovery of causes of genetic disorders that are maladies caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. A rarity in cases makes it difficult for researchers to elucidate definite inception. This knowledge base will be a major resource not only for clinicians, but also for the general public, who are unable to find consistent information on rare diseases in a single location. METHODS: We design a compact database schema for faster querying; its structure is optimized to store heterogeneous data sources. Then, clinicians at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) review and revise those resources. Additionally, we integrated other sources to capture genomic resources and clinical trials in detail on the Korean Rare Disease Knowledge base (KRDK). RESULTS: As a result, we have developed a Web-based knowledge base, KRDK, suitable for study of Mendelian diseases that commonly occur among Koreans. This knowledge base is comprised of disease summary and review, causal gene list, laboratory and clinic directory, patient registry, and so on. Furthermore, database for analyzing and giving access to human biological information and the clinical trial management system are integrated on KRDK. CONCLUSIONS: We expect that KRDK, the first rare disease knowledge base in Korea, may contribute to collaborative research and be a reliable reference for application to clinical trials. Additionally, this knowledge base is ready for querying of drug information so that visitors can search a list of rare diseases that is relative to specific drugs. Visitors can have access to KRDK via http://www.snubi.org/software/raredisease/.

Application of Social Network Analysis to Health Care Sectors / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the feasibility of social network analysis as a valuable research tool for indicating a change in research topics in health care and medicine. METHODS: Papers used in the analysis were collected from the PubMed database at the National Library of Medicine. After limiting the search to papers affiliated with the National Institutes of Health, 27,125 papers were selected for the analysis. From these papers, the top 100 non-duplicate and most studied Medical Subject Heading terms were extracted. NetMiner V.3 was used for analysis. Weighted degree centrality was applied to the analysis to compare the trends in the change of research topics. Changes in the core keywords were observed for the entire group and in three-year intervals. RESULTS: The core keyword with the highest centrality value was "Risk Factor," followed by "Molecular Sequence Data," "Neoplasms," "Signal Transduction," "Brain," and "Amino Acid Sequence." Core keywords varied between time intervals, changing from "Molecular Sequence Data" to "Risk Factors" over time. "Risk Factors" was added as a new keyword and its social network was expanded. The slope of the keywords also varied over time: "Molecular Sequence Data," with a high centrality value, had a decreasing slope at certain intervals, whereas "SNP," with a low centrality value, had an increasing slope at certain intervals. CONCLUSIONS: The social network analysis method is useful for tracking changes in research topics over time. Further research should be conducted to confirm the usefulness of this method in health care and medicine.

Sistemas de apoio à decisão baseados em diretrizes interpretadas por computador: um breve histórico e outros tópicos / Clinical decision support systems based on computer-interpretable guideline: a brief history and others topics / Sistemas de soporte a la decisión sobre la base de guías interpretadas por un ordenador: una breve historia yotros temas

Este artigo aborda aspectos sobre a construção de sistemas de apoio à decisão clínica (SADC) e relata o desenvolvimento histórico de sistemas que utilizam bases de conhecimento (BC) de forma a armazenar diretrizes digitais em saúde, ou seja, diretrizes interpretadas por computador (DIC). Também são apresentados os principais requisitos que definem um SADC.

The present paper focuses on the construction of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and recounts the chronological development of systems that use Knowledge Bases (KB) in order to store digital guidelines, i.e. Computer-Interpretable Guidelines (CIG). We also present the main requirements that define a CDSS.

Este artículo se centra en la construcción de sistemas de apoyo de decisiones clínicas (SADC) y se relaciona con el desarrollo histórico de los sistemas que utilizan las bases de conocimiento para almacenar las directrices digitales de la salud, es decir, directrices interpretado por ordenador. También se presentan los principales requisitos que definen a un SADC.

Plataforma de e-servicios para educación e higiene nutricionales, orientada a la población infantil / E-services platform for child-oriented nutritional education and health

Una buena alimentación es uno de los pilares básicos para el correcto desarrollo tanto físico como intelectual de los niños. En una sociedad en la que cada vez la edad de escolarización de los pequeños es más temprana, la coordinación entre familia y escuela adquiere un rol vital para garantizar una correcta alimentación y cuidado del niño. Este artículo presenta los fundamentos de una plataforma web multidispositivo que favorece la colaboración y formación nutricional de los diferentes agentes involucrados en los procesos de cuidado y educación de los niños (padres, educadores, especialistas), haciendo uso de los últimos avances producidos en el campo de las tecnologías semánticas para mejorar la precisión y adecuación de las recomendaciones realizadas automáticamente por el sistema.

A good diet is one of the pillars for ensuring the proper physical and intellectual development of children. In a society in which schooling is initiated at increasingly early ages, the coordination between school and family acquires a vital role in assuring proper child nourishment and care. This article presents the foundations of a multi-device web platform that fosters the collaboration and nutritional training of the different actors (parents, educators, specialists) involved in the processes of care and education of children. The platform uses the latest advances in the field of semantic technologies to improve the accuracy of the recommendations made automatically by the system.

A Multi-Classifier Based Guideline Sentence Classification System / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: An efficient clinical process guideline (CPG) modeling service was designed that uses an enhanced intelligent search protocol. The need for a search system arises from the requirement for CPG models to be able to adapt to dynamic patient contexts, allowing them to be updated based on new evidence that arises from medical guidelines and papers. METHODS: A sentence category classifier combined with the AdaBoost.M1 algorithm was used to evaluate the contribution of the CPG to the quality of the search mechanism. Three annotators each tagged 340 sentences hand-chosen from the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7) clinical guideline. The three annotators then carried out cross-validations of the tagged corpus. A transformation function is also used that extracts a predefined set of structural feature vectors determined by analyzing the sentential instance in terms of the underlying syntactic structures and phrase-level co-occurrences that lie beneath the surface of the lexical generation event. RESULTS: The additional sub-filtering using a combination of multi-classifiers was found to be more effective than a single conventional Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF)-based search system in pinpointing the page containing or adjacent to the guideline information. CONCLUSIONS: We found that transformation has the advantage of exploiting the structural and underlying features which go unseen by the bag-of-words (BOW) model. We also realized that integrating a sentential classifier with a TF-IDF-based search engine enhances the search process by maximizing the probability of the automatically presented relevant information required in the context generated by the guideline authoring environment.

Classificação de microáreas de risco com uso de mineração de dados / Classification of risk micro-areas using data mining

Objetivo: Identificar, com o auxílio de técnicas computacionais, regras referentes às condições do ambiente físico para a classificação de microáreas de risco. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, desenvolvida na cidade de Curitiba, PR, em 2007, dividida em três etapas: identificação de atributos para classificar uma microárea; construção de uma base de dados; e aplicação do processo de descoberta de conhecimento em base de dados, por meio da aplicação de mineração de dados. O conjunto de atributos envolveu as condições de infra- estrutura, hidrografia, solo, área de lazer, características da comunidade e existência de vetores. A base de dados foi construída com dados obtidos em entrevistas com agentes comunitários de saúde, sendo utilizado um questionário com questões fechadas, elaborado com os atributos essenciais, selecionados por especialistas. Resultados: Foram identificados 49 atributos, sendo 41 essenciais e oito irrelevantes. Foram obtidas 68 regras com a mineração de dados, as quais foram analisadas sob a perspectiva de desempenho e qualidade e divididas em dois conjuntos: as inconsistentes e as que confirmam o conhecimento de especialistas. A comparação entre os conjuntos mostrou que as regras que confirmavam o conhecimento, apesar de terem desempenho computacional inferior, foram consideradas mais interessantes. Conclusões: A mineração de dados ofereceu um conjunto de regras úteis e compreensíveis, capazes de caracterizar microáreas, classificando-as quanto ao grau do risco, com base em características do ambiente físico. A utilização das regras propostas permite que a classificação de uma microárea possa ser realizada de forma mais rápida, menos subjetiva, mantendo um padrão entre as equipes de saúde, superando a influência da percepção particular de cada componente da equipe.