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@#AIM: To investigate the application of PBL(problem based learning)teaching mode in ophthalmology nursing teaching.<p>METHODS: Totally 90 students from two classes of Ophthalmology nursing major were included in the study. The mid-term examination of ophthalmological nursing as baseline. LBL group received traditional teaching(LBL). On the basis of LBL group, PBL+LBL group received PBL. The final examination, course satisfaction and self-subjective feelings of the two groups were compared.<p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference in final scores of basic examinations, operation skills and case analysis between LBL group and its baseline(<i>P</i>>0.05). In PBL+LBL group, the final scores of basic examination, operation skills and case analysis were significantly improved(<i>P</i><0.05). Compared with LBL group, the final scores of basic examination, operation skills and case analysis in PBL+LBL group were significantly higher(<i>P</i><0.05). The interest and satisfaction of students in PBL+LBL group were significantly higher than those in LBL group(<i>P</i><0.05). The percentages who felt making progress in active learning, communication, teamwork, self-study and problem-solving ability in PBL+LBL group were significantly higher than those in LBL group(All <i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The combination of PBL and LBL can effectively improve the teaching effect of ophthalmic nursing for higher vocational students and lay a solid foundation for clinical work.
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Los materiales poliméricos han sido ampliamente investigados para aplicaciones biomédicas, teniendo especial relevancia cuando se encuentran en forma de micro- y nano-partículas. Últimamente se ha ampliado su campo de aplicación al ser conjugados con péptidos y ácidos nucleicos, por lo tanto, el interés en el estudio de este tipo de materiales, así como también en la formulación de nanoestructuras funcionalizadas como materiales, dispositivos y vehículos de transporte de agentes terapéuticos ha aumentado. Las recientes investigaciones en nanosistemas se inspiran en fenómenos naturales que estimulan la integración de señales moleculares y la mimetización de procesos a nivel celular, de tejidos y órganos. Tecnológicamente, la capacidad de obtener nanoestructuras esféricas mediante la combinación de materiales que presenten propiedades distintas a las que ningún otro material individual posee por sí solo, es lo que hace que las nanocápsulas sean particularmente atractivas. Las potenciales ventajas de los sistemas de nanopartículas de tipo polimérico se destacan a lo largo de cada parte de este artículo de revisión. El presente artículo aborda los aspectos más relevantes sobre la estructura, composición y algunos métodos de elaboración de los sistemas nanoparticulados. Además, expone algunos de los trabajos más recientes, centrados en sistemas de nanopartículas basados en polímeros dirigidos a la administración de agentes, publicados en artículos especializados de investigación y revisiones durante los últimos años.
Polymeric materials have been extensively investigated for biomedical applications including micro- and nanoparticles. Modern advances have broadened horizons for application with peptides and nucleic acids. Therefore, interests increased in the formulation of materials, devices and vehicles for transporting therapeutic agents in functionalized nanostructures. Recent nano-systems are inspired by natural phenomena that stimulate the integration of molecular signals and the mimicking of natural cellular processes, at tissue and organ levels. Technologically, the ability to obtain spherical nanostructures, which combine different properties, that no other single material possesses on its own, makes nanocapsules particularly attractive. Potential advantages over polymer nanoparticulate systems are highlighted throughout each part of this review article. Here, we address the most relevant aspects of structure, composition and methods of formulation of nanoparticulate systems. In addition, we outline some of the more recent works focusing on nanosized preparations, based on agent-directed polymers, found in specialized research articles that have emerged in the recent years.
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Polymers/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Tissue Engineering , Quantum Dots , Nanocapsules/chemistry , Nanospheres/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for standardizing clinical pharmacist training.METHODS: According to actual situation in our hospital, a new clinical pharmacist training teaching method [lecture-based learning (LBL) -case-based learning (CBL) combination method] was created by integrating the training resources of clinical teaching and research department and extending teaching content. The comprehensive skills of trainees after training were compared between 2015 (traditional one-to-one teaching model) and 2016 (LBL-CBL combination method). RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: In 2016, trainees are significantly improved in the ability to analyze (3. 8 score vs. 2. 8 score) and deal with clinical problems (2. 9 score vs. 2. 5 score) compared with those in 2015. LBL-CBL combination method can satisfy the demands of clinical pharmacists training in our hospital. Not only basic theory and clinical knowledge of trainees are improved, but also clinical thinking and comprehensive skill of trainees are strengthened by using LBL-CBL combination method. LBL-CBL combination method can be used in clinical pharmacists training and its usual tests, and contributes to the improvement of clinical pharmacist training teaching.
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Objective To determine the effects and advantage of PBL teaching method combined with LBL teaching method over LBL teaching method. Methods The interns from Department of Clinical Laboratory were selected as teaching subjects. Fifty interns were assigned randomly into two groups, 25 in PBL+LBL group, 25 in LBL group. After the designed teaching, the exam scores and satisfaction question-naire was evaluated. All the data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0. Counting data was analyzed with Chi-square, Fisher test because of smaller number. Results In the exam test, the scores in PBL+LBL teaching group were significantly higher than that in the LBL group [(84.40±5.14) vs. (78.72±6.51)]. In the questionnaires, the satisfaction rate in the PBL+LBL group was also higher than that in the LBL group. The PBL+LBL teach-ing is helpful for improving the self-learning and collabora-tion ability of the students. Conclusion PLB+LBL teaching method in tumor diagnosis showed improved teaching effects and higher satisfaction rate.
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Teaching model plays an important role in clinical education. Problem based learning (PBL) model, with an outstanding feature of stimulating the learning enthusiasm of students, was applied by many American colleges. American College of Acupuncture&Oriental Medicine (ACAOM) combined PBL teaching model with traditional lecture based learning (LBL) model, which had achieved good results. In this article, PBL model and its characters were explored via qualitative case analysis, to provide reference for universities and colleges of traditional Chinese medicine on clinical education.
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Objective:To observe the the effects of sustained-release coatings of HU-308 on the biological characteristics of rat oste-oblasts(ROBs)on Ti surface.Methods:The heparin/chitosan sustained release coatings containing HU-308 at different concentra-tions were prepared by layer-by-layer assembly technology on the alkali-and heat-treated Ti surface.The alkali-and heat-treated Ti samples were randomly divided into six groups,the samples in C group were used as control,in P group were treated by heparin/chi-tosan coatings and in T1,T2,T3 and T4 groups were treated by heparin/chitosan sustained-release coating containing HU-308 at dif-ferent concentrations.The adhesion,proliferation and ALP activity of ROBs cultured on the coatings were assessed at different times. Results:The adhesion,proliferation and ALP activity of ROBs of T4 group (the impregnating concentration of HU-308 was 0.025 mg/L)were the highest.Conclusion:The sustained-release coating with low concentration of HU-308 may improve the adhesion , proliferation and ALP activity of ROBs.
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Objective: To prepare microcapsules for controlled release of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), and determine its encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile in vitro. Methods: The microcapsules loaded with HCPT were prepared using a novel coating technology based on the layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of oppositely charged polylysine (PLL) and alginate (ALG) polyelectrolytes with good biocompatibility onto microcrystal templates. Results: The microcapsules fabricated by this method had visible core-shell structure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); The entrapment efficiency of the microcapsules was as high as (68.41 ± 0.72)%; The release rate of HCPT decreased as the bilayers increased in vitro. Conclusion: The microcapsules of HCPT prepared by LBL have higher entrapment efficiency and are characterized with controlled drug release, which has potential for future application.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of PBL+LBL double-track mode in Ophthalmology teaching.Methods:121 students were divided into two groups.Trial group practiced PBL+LBL double-track teaching,while control group practiced LBL teaching.Results:The results of exam showed that the students in trial group had a significant higher score in sum score and analysis subjects than those in control group(P
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Objective:To investigate the effect of PBL+LBL double-track in long-term-system clinical medicine in Gynecology and Obstetrics.Methods:We divided the students of 2001-seven-year-progrems in random into two groups: trial group practiced PBL+LBL double-track teaching,control group practiced LBL teaching.Results The results showed that although the two groups had no significant difference in examinational total score and in foundational subjects,but the trial group had a significant higher score in comprehend subjects.The students exhibited great enthusiasm to the PBL.And the students learned and absorbed more knowledge of gynecology and obstetrics and literature retrieval.The education method played a comprehensive functional role for the teacher-directed and student-oriented tutorial process,and the teaching effects improved.Meanwhile,the teachers need to be prepared with more knowledge to meet the students query.Conclusions:PBL+LBL double-track teaching method can improve the students'activeness and can culture their ability of self-study;and at the same time the new teaching method can remain the systematicness,profundity and extent of knowledge.It is a better way in clinical education,and is well accepted by both students and teachers as it can greatly improve teaching efficacy.
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To explore an appropriate teaching model in medical computer science in China, this paper, based on the actual state of medical computer science,points out that PBL teaching model accords with our disciplinary goal in training medical education talents in medical university and discusses how PBL teaching model is applied to medical computer science.
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OBJECTIVE:To determine the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of oxetacillin and sulbactam in oxetacillin-sulbactam tablets.METHODS:20healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into2groups.In a crossover de?sign,a single oral dose of two tablets of domestic oxetacillin-sulbactam tablets or imported Tai Ba Meng LBL 500 tablets(one tablet of the two formulations contains oxetacillin250mg,sulbactam250mg)were given,then the drug concentrations in plas?ma were assayed by RP-HPLC.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of oxetacillin in domestic and imported tablets were as follows:T max were(1.04?0.26)h and(1.10?0.28)h;C max were(5.16?1.30)mg/L and(5.25?1.21)mg/L;AUC 0～∞ were(13.30?3.12)mg/(h?L)and(13.33?3.53)mg/(h?L)respectively.The pharmacokinetic parameters of sulbactam in domestic and imported tablets were as follows:T max were(0.80?1.0)h and(0.81?0.17)h,C max were(5.73?1.44)mg/L and(5.70?1.46)mg/L,AUC 0～∞ were(13.25?2.41)mg/(h?L)and(13.28?2.26)mg/(h?L)respectively.CONCL_ USION:Domestic oxetacillin-sulbactam tablets and imported Tai Ba Meng LBL 500 tablets were bioequivalent.