Maladie thromboembolique veineuse chez la femme au service de cardiologie du CHU de Kati / Venous thromboembolic disease in women in the cardiology department of the Kati university hospital

Introduction : La maladie thromboembolique veineuse (MTEV) regroupe : la thrombose veineuse profonde(TVP) et l'embolie pulmonaire(EP).Ce travail a été initié pour identifier les particularités féminines si elles existent. Matériels et Méthode : il s'agissait d'étude rétrospective, descriptive réalisée dans le service de cardiologie du CHU de Kati sur une période allant du 01 janvier 2014 au 31 décembre 2021. Ont été inclues les patientes hospitalisées durant la dite période pour maladie thromboemboliqueveineuse. Les variables étudiées étaient les données sociales démographiques, les facteurs de risque, les paramètres cliniques et paracliniques, les aspects thérapeutiques et évolutifs. Résultats : Au total nous avons enregistré 68 cas de MTEV dont 40 (58,8%) femmes. Il s'agissait 12 (30%) cas de TVP, 25 (62,5%) d'EP et leur association dans 3 (7,5%) cas. La majorité (82,5%) des patientes était des femmes au foyer.Le post partum représentait 10% des cas. La probabilité clinique, selonle score de Wells était élevée chez 93% des TVP, intermédiaire pour les cas d'embolie pulmonaire avec 50%. L'angioscanner révélait que l'embolie pulmonaire était bilatérale dans 80% des cas. L'héparine et l'AVK ont été les plus utilisés. La mortalité était de 7,5%. Conclusion : les femmes sont plus victime des maladies thromboemboliques veineuses que les hommes. Le post partum est une situationparticulière chez la femme. Les récidives ne sont pas rares

Introduction: Venous thromboembolic disease (MTEV) includes: deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).This work was initiated to identify the female particularities if they exist.Materials and Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive study conductedin the cardiology department of the Kati university hospital over a period from January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2021.Patients hospitalized during the period for venousthromboembolic disease were included.The variables studied were demographic social data, risk factors, clinical and para-clinical parameters, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Results: In total we recorded 68 cases of MTEV of which 40 (58.8%) women. There were 12 (30%) cases of deep vein thrombosis, 25 (62.5%) cases of pulmonary embolism and their association in 3 (7.5%) cases.The majority (82.5%) of patients were housewives.Thepostpartum accounted for 10% of cases.The clinical probability according to the Wells score was high in 93% of deep vein thrombosis, intermediate for cases of pulmonary embolism with 50%.Angio-CT showed that pulmonary embolism was bilateral in 80% of cases. Heparin and anti-vitamin K were the most commonly used. Mortality was 7.5%. Conclusion: women are more victims of venous thromboembolic diseases than men. Postpartum is a special situation for women. Recurrences are not uncommon

Profil métabolique des patients hypertendus pris en charge dans le service de cardiologie du CHU mère-enfant ?le Luxembourg" / Metabolic profile of hypertensive patients treated in the cardiology department of the university teaching hospital le Luxembourg

Objectif : Évaluer le profil du syndrome métabolique (SM) dans une population hypertendue au Mali. Patients et méthodes : Étude prospective du 1er juin 2022 au 31 juin 2022, dans le service de cardiologie du CHU Mère ­enfant le Luxembourg de Bamako. Notre échantillon d'étude était composé de patients hypertendus adultes, âgés de 18 ans et plus, reçus en consultation externe. Les patients étaient inclus dans notre étude après consentement éclairé. Le SM a été établi sur la base des définitions de l'International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Résultats : Sur 520 patients, 238 ont été inclus dans notre étude. La prévalence du SM était de 30,2 % selon les critères de l'IDF. On notait une prédominance féminine (66 %).L'âge moyen était de 57 ± 5 ans.L'HTA grade II était majoritaire avec 39%.Soixantequinze pourcent des patients avec syndrome métabolique ont présenté 3 facteurs de risque.L'AVC ischémique a été la complication la plus retrouvée avec un taux de 12%.La bithérapie était indiquée chez 59,23% des patients. Les inhibiteurs calciques ont été les plus prescrits avec un taux de74,5%. Le SM constitue une réalité au Mali. Des mesures adéquates de prévention sont nécessaires afin de limiter sa progression

Objective: To assess the profile of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a hypertensive population in Mali. Patients and methods: Prospective study from June 1, 2022 to June 31, 2022, in the cardiology department of the Mother-Child University Hospital in Bamako, Luxembourg. Our study sample consisted of adult hypertensive patients, aged 18 years and older, received as an outpatient. Patients were included in our study after informed consent. The SM was established based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions. Results: Out of 520 patients, 238 were included in our study. The prevalence of SM was 30.2% according to IDF criteria. There was a female predominance (66%). The mean age was 57 ± 5 years. Grade II hypertension was in the majority with 39%. Seventy-five percent of patients with metabolic syndrome had 3 risk factors. Ischemic stroke was the most common complication with a rate of 12%. Dual therapy was indicated in 59.23% of patients. Calcium channel blockers were the most prescribed with a rate of 74.5%. SM is a reality in Mali. Adequate preventive measures are necessary to limit its progression

Prise en charge anesthésiologique de l'anévrisme cérébral au Mali / Anesthesiological management of cerebral aneurysm in Mali

Objectif : Décrire la prise en charge anesthésiologique de l'anévrisme cérébral au Mali. Patients et Méthodes : étude descriptive à recueil historique de 8 ans (Novembre 2012 à Octobre 2020) au CHU « Hôpital du Mali ¼ des patients opérés pour anévrisme cérébral avec un dossier médical complet. La saisie et l'analyse ont été effectuées par SSPS version 25. Résultats : Durant la période d'étude, 32 patients répondaient à nos critères soit une prévalence de 2,1%. L'âge moyen était de 45,2 ± 12,5 ans. Le ratio femme-homme était de 2,55. Les patients résidaient à Bamako dans 71,9 %. L'HTA était l'antécédent médical le plus fréquent. Les patients étaient de grade I de WFNS dans 87,5%. La classe ASA II représentait 84,4%. Une prémédication a été faite dans 96,9%. Une anesthésie générale a été faite chez tous les patients. Une antibioprophylaxie a été faite chez tous les patients. La perte sanguine moyenne était de 737,3 ± 460,5 ml. Une transfusion per opératoire a été prescrite dans 46,8%. L'évènement indésirable per opératoire était cardiovasculaire dans 96,9 %. La durée moyenne de la chirurgie était de 267,1±77,1 minute. Celle de l'anesthésie était de 427,9 minutes. En réanimation, une complication a été observée dans 34,4%. La mortalité était de 25%. La durée moyenne de séjour était de 6,3 jours. Conclusion: Au Mali la prise en charge de l'anévrysme cérébral est en progrès malgré une mortalité encore élevée.

Objective: To Describe the anesthesiological management of cerebral aneurysm in Mali. Patients and Methods: This was an observational study, descriptive with historical collection of 8 years (November 2012 to October 2020) at the department of the university hospital "Hôpital du Mali" concerning 32 patients operated for cerebral aneurysm with a complete medical file. Input and analysis were performed by SSPS version 25. Results: During the study period, 32 patients met our criteria, a prevalence of 2.1%. The median age was 45.2 ± 12.5 years. The female-to-male ratio was 2.55. Patients resided in Bamako in 71.9%. High blood pressure was the most common medical history. Patients were grade I WFNS in 87.5o_ièvg%. ASA class II accounted for 84.4%. Premedication was done in 96.9%. General anesthesia was applied to all patients. Antibiotic prophylaxis was given to all patients. The average blood loss was 737.3 ± 460.5 ml. An intraoperative transfusion was prescribed in 46.8%. The intraoperative adverse event was cardiovascular in 96.9%. The average duration of surgery was 267.1±77.1 minutes. That of anesthesia was 427.9 minutes. In intensive care, a complication was observed in 34.4%. Mortality was 25%. The average length of stay was 6.3 days. Conclusion: In Mali, the management of cerebral aneurysm is progressing despite still high mortality.

Aspects cliniques de la maladie hémorroïdaire interne à l'hôpital du District de la Commune IV de Bamako (Mali) / Clinical aspects of internal haemorrhoidal disease in the district hospital of Council IV of Bamako (Mali)

Introduction. La maladie hémorroïdaire interne est la plus fréquente des affections proctologiques et constitue un motif extrêmement répandu de consultation en proctologie. L'objectif de ce travail était de décrire les aspects cliniques de la maladie hémorroïdaire interne à l'hôpital du district de la commune IV de Bamako. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale descriptive sur un groupe de malades vus en consultation à l'unité de Gastro-entérologie de l'hôpital du district de la commune IV de Bamako. Entre le 1er Novembre 2019 et le 31 Octobre 2020, le recrutement des patients a été réalisé. Les variables recueillies étaient les données sociodémographiques (âge, sexe, profession), les symptômes anaux (saignement anal, douleur anale, suintements muco-glaireux, prurit anal), les facteurs de risque (les troubles du transit intestinal, la période du troisième trimestre de la grossesse, l'accouchement, le post-partum immédiat), les stades de la maladie hémorroïdaire interne, les autres pathologies anales associées, les complications, l'hémogramme. Résultats. Durant la période d'étude, 128 patients ont été vus en consultation parmi lesquels 85 avaient une maladie hémorroïdaire interne, soit une fréquence de 66,40%. La procidence hémorroïdaire a été observée chez 18,8% de nos patients. En fonction de son degré, le grade I représentait 34,1%, le grade II 55,3%, le grade III 9,4% et le grade IV 1,2%. Conclusion. Cette première étude réalisée sur la maladie hémorroïdaire interne à l'hôpital du district de la commune IV de Bamako montre que la maladie hémorroïdaire interne est l'affection proctologique la plus fréquente.

Introduction. Internal haemorrhoidal disease is the most common proctological condition and is an extremely common reason of consultation in proctology. The objective of this work was to describe the clinical aspects of internal haemorrhoidal disease in the district hospital of the commune IV of Bamako. Patients and methods. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study on a cohort of patients seen in consultation at the Gastroenterology Unit of the District Hospital of Bamako's commune IV. The recruitment was carried out between November 1, 2019 and October 31, 2020. The variables of study were socio-demographic data (age, sex, profession), anal symptoms (anal bleeding, anal pain, muco-glue oozing, anal pruritus), risk factors (intestinal transit disorders, third trimester of pregnancy, childbirth, immediate postpartum), stages of internal haemorrhoidal disease, other associated anal pathologies, complications, blood count. Results. During the study period, 128 patients were seen in consultation, among whom 85 had internal haemorrhoidal disease (66.40%). Hemorrhoidal procidence was found in 18.8% of patients. Concerning the severity, grade I represented 34.1%, grade II 55.3%, grade III 9.4% and grade IV 1.2%. Conclusion. This pioneer study on internal haemorrhoidal disease in the district hospital of commune IV of Bamako (Mali) showed that internal hemorrhoidal disease is the most common proctological condition in Bamako.

Etiologies des pneumopathies bactériennes non tuberculeuses en milieu néphrologique au centre Hospitalo-Universitaire du Point G à Bamako, Mali / Etiologies of non-tuberculous bacterial pneumonitis in a nephrological environment at Point G University Hospital in Bamako, Mali

Contexte + objectif : les signes cliniques et paracliniques en particulier radiologique ne sont pas spécifi ques d'un processus infectieux. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les micro-organismes non tuberculeux en cause au cours des infections respiratoires dans le service de Néphrologie du CHU du Point G. Méthode : il s'agissait d'une étude prospective et descriptive allant du 1er janvier 2018 au 30 juin 2019, soit 18 mois. Etaient inclus, tous les patients en insuffi sance rénale chronique (IRC) souffrant d'une pneumopathie infectieuse diagnostiquée cliniquement, radiologiquement et/ou bactériologiquement. Résultats : Nous avons colligés 35 patients, 21 hommes et 14 femmes. L'âge moyen a été de 46,8 ± 13,9 ans avec des extrêmes de 23 et 76 ans. Les patients âgés de plus de 45 ans étaient majoritaires (54,3%). L'IRC était terminale chez tous nos patients avec un débit de fi ltration glomérulaire moyen de 6,7 ml/min/1,73m2. La radiographie thoracique de face a révélé une pneumopathie alvéolaire (65,7%), une pleuropneumopathie (28,6%) et une pneumopathie cavitaire (5,7%). Les bactéries non tuberculeuses retrouvées à l'examen cytobactériologique des crachats étaient : Klebsiella pneumoniae (25,7%), Escherichia coli (11,4%), Citrobacter frendii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans soit 5,7% pour chacune, Enterobacter clocae et Enterococcus sp avec 2,9% chacune. Quatre (11,4%) sur 35 présentaient une tuberculose dont 1 cas (2,9%) de coïnfection de germe banal. Conclusion: Le diagnostic de la tuberculose par bacilloscopie entraine des cas de méconnaissance des germes banals associés.

Context and objective. Clinical and paraclinical signs, in particular radiological signs, are not specifi c to an infectious process. The objective of this study was to determine the non-tuberculous microorganisms involved in respiratory infections in the Nephrology department of the CHU du Point G. Methods. This was a prospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019, (18 months). Included were all patients with chronic renal failure (CKD) suffering from an infectious pneumonia diagnosed clinically, radiologically and / or bacteriologically. Results. We collected 35 patients, 21 men and 14 women. The mean age was 46.8 ± 13.9 years with extremes of 23 and 76 years. The majority of patients over the age of 45 were 54.3%. IRC was terminal in all of our patients with an average glomerular filtration rate of 6.7 ml / min / 1.73m2. The chest chest X-ray revealed alveolar pneumonitis (65.7%), pleuropneumopathy (28.6%) and cavitary pneumonitis (5.7%). The non-tuberculous bacteria found on cytobacteriological examination of sputum were: Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.7%), Escherichia coli (11.4%), Citrobacter frendii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, or 5.7% for each , Enterobacter clocae and Enterococcus sp with 2.9% each. Four (11.4%) out of 35 presented with tuberculosis, including 1 case (2.9%) of common coinfection. Conclusion. The diagnosis of tuberculosis by bacilloscopy leads to cases of ignorance of the associated banal germs.

Etat des lieux de la règlementation des essais cliniques au Mali / State of play of the regulation of clinical trials in Mali

Objectif: L'objectif était de réaliser l'état des lieux de la réglementation des essais cliniques au Mali. Matériel et Méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive réalisée du 1er septembre au 15 décembre 2019. Elle a consisté en une recherche documentaire et une enquête de terrain dans les centres de recherche, les comités d'éthique et les structures règlementaires du Mali. Résultats: En 2019, il y a eu 15 essais cliniques autorisés et réalisés par trois centres de recherche, dont 12 vaccinaux et 3 médicamenteux tous approuvés par un comité d'éthique. Le cadre juridique des essais cliniques est régi au Mali par deux textes dont l'un législatif et l'autre réglementaire. Ils prévoient l'autorisation, la suspension ou l'interdiction de la recherche biomédicale par le ministre en charge de la santé. Les insuffisances recensées sont relatives à la faible remontée et au manque d'évaluation des données de pharmacovigilance, la rareté des inspections des sites et surtout l'absence de comité technique d'évaluation règlementaire des dossiers à la Direction de la Pharmacie et du Médicament (DPM). Conclusion: Le renforcement du cadre juridique est, plus que jamais, nécessaire pour assurer la protection des droits, la sécurité et le bien-être des sujets de recherche dans un contexte de délocalisation croissante des essais cliniques vers nos pays

Objective: The objective was to take stockof the regulation of clinical trials in Mali. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out of the September 1 to December 15, 2019. It consisted of a literature search and a survey in research centers, ethics committees and regulatory structures in Mali. Results: In 2019, there were 15 clinical trials authorized and conducted by three research centers, including 12 vaccines and 3 drugs trials all approved by an ethics committee. The legal framework for clinical trials is governed in Mali by two texts, one legislative and the other regulatory. They provide for the authorization, suspension or prohibition of biomedical research by the minister in charge of Health. The shortcomings identified relate to the low recovery and lack of evaluation of pharmacovigilance data, the scarcity of site inspections and especially the absence of a technical committee for regulatory evaluation of files at the Pharmacy and Medicines Department (DPM). Conclusion: The strengthening of the legal framework is, more than ever, necessary to ensure the protection of the rights, safety and well-being of research subjects in a context of increasing relocation of clinical trials to our countries

Hygiène bucco-dentaire des militaires des unités d'élites des forces de défense et de sécurité du Mali / Oral hygiene of the military of the elite units of the defense and security forces of Mali

Introduction: L'hygiène orale représente l'ensemble des mesures prises pour garder la cavité́ orale propre et saine en maintenant les surfaces dentaires dépourvues de plaque et de tartre. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'hygiène buccodentaire des Unités d'Élites des forces de défense et de sécurité du Mali. Méthodologie : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive qui s'est déroulée du 01 Septembre 2020 au 30 Aout 2021 dans le service d'Odontologie de l'Infirmerie Hôpital de Bamako (IHB). La population d'étude était constituée de militaires en service dans les différentes Unités d'Élites des corps d'Armée du Mali venus en consultation dans le service d'Odontologie et par d'autres Unités dans leur Quartier Général (QG) compte tenu de leur confidentialité. Résultats : Dans cette étude, la tranche d'âge 30 ­ 39 ans était la plus représentée avec 49,2%. Les sous-officiers étaient les plus représentés avec 55,0%. Parmi les Unités d'Élites, la CIR représentait 34,8%. Pour le brossage des dents, 85,9% se brossaient les dents. Par rapport au nombre de brossage par jour, 54,7% se brossaient les dents 1 fois par jour. Tandis que 48,1% se brossaient les dents avec une brosse de type Medium. Pour le saignement après le brossage, 42,6% avaient un saignement après le brossage. Conclusion: Cette étude a montré que les militaires avaient une connaissance sur l'hygiène buccodentaire car ils se brossaient majoritairement 1 à 2 fois par jour. Toutefois, beaucoup de militaires présentaient un saignement après brossage. Devant cette situation, une nouvelle orientation de la politique de santé bucco-dentaire basée sur l'odontologie préventive s'impose afin d'améliorer la santé et la qualité́ de vie de ces militaires

Introduction: Oral hygiene represents all the measures taken to keep the oral cavity clean and healthy by keeping the dental surfaces free of plaque and tartar. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral hygiene of elite units of the defense and security forces of Mali. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from September 01, 2020, to August 30, 2021, in the odontology department of Bamako Military Hospital. The study population involved soldiers of various Elite Units of the Armed Forces of Mali who came for consultation in the odontology service. Results: In this study, the 30-39 age group was the most represented with 49.2%. NCOs were the most represented with 55.0%. Among Elite Units, the CIR accounted for 34.8%. For tooth brushing, 85.9% brushed their teeth. Regarding the number of brushings per day, 54.7% brushed their teeth once a day. While 48.1% brushed their teeth with a medium brush. For bleeding after brushing, 42.6% had bleeding after brushing. Conclusion: This study showed that the military had knowledge of oral hygiene because they brushed mostly 1 to 2 times a day. However, many soldiers had bleeding after brushing. Faced with this situation, a new orientation of the oral health policy based on preventive odontology is necessary in order to improve the health and quality of life of these soldiers

Information about COVID-19: Lessons learned from Mali

Introduction. In Mali, information related to COVID-19 is regularly shared by the coordination board against COVID-19 through daily official press releases and situation reports. The goal of this study was to analyze data related to the tested samples; and the confirmed, contacts, recovered and dead cases in order to take lessons for the future. Population and methods. Data from the first 100 days after the detection of the first cases in Mali were collected and recorded on an Excel file before they got analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Analyses were descriptive and correlational. Results. We included 14938 tested samples, 2260 confirmed cases, 12864 contact cases, 1502 recovered cases and 117 deaths were reported during the first 100 days of the epidemic. There was a positive correlation between the number of confirmed cases; and the number of tested samples, the number of recovered cases and the number of deaths. These results suggest that the number of confirmed cases increase with the number of tested samples. Conclusion. These results call for more testing and encourage the identification, location and follow-up of COVID-19 cases. They can also be used to support the improvement of data quality and the response to COVID-19. As a result, they can contribute to improve population health

Gestion de la qualité des soins au service d'acceuil des urgences (SAU) de l'hôpital du Mali: enjeux et perspectives / Management of the quality of care at the emergency reception service (SAU) of the hospital of Mali : challenges et perspectives

Introduction : La Neurochirurgie au Mali reste une discipline relativement jeune par rapport aux autres spécialités chirurgicales. Le but de ce travail est de décrire le parcours des urgences neurochirurgicales admises au SAU de l'hôpital du Mali.Patient et méthodes : C'est une étude prospective transversale analytique qui s'est déroulée au SAU de l'hôpital du Mali sur une durée de 02 mois. Sont inclus dans cette étude, tous les patients admis au SAU et dont on a eu recours à un avis neurochirurgical. Nous avons recensé et analysé les données épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et thérapeutiques chez 82 patients. Résultats : Sur un total de 152 patients admis au SAU, il y'avait 82 cas pour lesquels un avis neurochirurgical a été demandé soit 53, 95 % des admissions. Parmi ces 82 patients, il y avait 50 cas de traumatismes crâniens, 20 cas de traumatismes du rachis, 08 cas d'accident vasculaire cérébral hémorragique (AVCH), 03 cas de suppurations intracrâniennes et 01 cas de tumeur cérébrale. Nous avons opéré 41 patients (50%) et mis en observation 32 patients (39,02%). Malgré nos efforts, 09 patients sont sortis contre avis médical ou par faute de moyens. Nous avons noté 03 cas de décès. Conclusion : La qualité des soins et l'accès aux soins sont très souvent considérés par les patients comme les éléments essentiels de la performance d'un système de santé. En tant que Etablissement Public Hospitalier (EPH) de niveau 3, il doit bénéficier d'un plateau technique adéquat et d'un personnel médical et paramédical suffisant afin d'assurer une prise en charge correcte des patients

Introduction : Neurosurgery in Mali remains a relatively young discipline compared to other surgical specialties.The aim of this study is to describe the course of neurosurgical emergencies in "Hôpital du Mali". Patients and methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional analytical study that took place at the emergency department of "hôpital du Mali" over a period of 02 months. Are included in this study, all the patients admitted in emergency for whom neurosurgical advice was sought. We identified and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data in 82 patients.Results: Out of a total of 152 patients admitted to our emergency unit, there were 82 cases for which a neurosurgical opinion was requested, ie 53.95% of admissions. Among these 82 patients, there were 50 cases of head trauma, 20 cases of spinal trauma, 08 cases of brain stroke, 03 cases of intracranial suppurations and 01 case of brain tumor. We operated on 41 patients (50%) and observed 32 patients (39.02%). Despite our efforts, 09 patients were released against medical advice or for lack of funds. We noted 03 cases of death. Conclusion: The quality of care and access to care are very often seen by patients as essential elements of the performance of a health system. As a level 3 public hospital, it must have an adequate technical platform and sufficient medical and paramedical staff to ensure correct patient care

Diagnostic et évaluation de la réponse thérapeutique de la leucémie myéloïde chronique au Mali par l'hybridation in situ fluorescente / Diagnosis and evaluation of the response to treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia in Mali by fluorescent in situ hybridization

La leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) est une hémopathie maligne caractérisée par la présence du chromosome Philadelphie ou du gène de fusion BCR/ABL1. Au Mali, les approches génétiques de diagnostic et d'évaluation de la réponse thérapeutique de la LMC font défaut d'où l'intérêt de développer la méthode FISH (Hybridation in situ en Fluorescence) pour diagnostiquer et évaluer la réponse thérapeutique de la LMC. Méthodes. Nous avons analysé les cellules sanguines de 25 patients référés pour diagnostic ou évaluation thérapeutique de la LMC. Nous avons réalisé la FISH sur des cellules interphasiques et des métaphases, et la capture d'images cellulaires a été faite avec un microscope à épifluorescence. Résultats. Au total, 25 patients ont été inclus dont 16 pour diagnostic et 9 pour évaluation thérapeutique. Nous avons obtenu un taux de succès de 92% pour l'obtention des métaphases. En outre, nous avons observé des réarrangements ABL1/BCR à la FISH chez 22 des 25 patients. Parmi ces 22 patients, 16 ont présenté un patron de signaux typiques et 6 des patrons de signaux atypiques. Conclusion. Nous avons établi la technique FISH au Mali pour le diagnostic et l'évaluation thérapeutique de la LMC et identifié des formes atypiques de la translocation t(9 ;22).

Objective. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome or its molecular equivalent, the BCR/ABL1 fusion gene. Diagnosis and monitoring of CML are done by detecting this chromosome, the BCR/ABL1 gene, or the BCR/ABL1 transcript. In Mali, genetic tools of diagnosis and follow-up are still lacking, so we did this study with the objectives of developing the FISH technique to diagnose, to follow up, and to characterize the cytogenetic profile of CML patients. Methods. We carried out FISH technique by using the dual color dual fusion probe for BCR/ABL1 on interphase nuclei and metaphases. Slides were scanned with an epifluorescence microscope. Results. A total of 25 patients (16 for diagnostic and 9 for follow-up) were included. We achieved a 92% success rate for obtaining metaphases. The BCR/ABL1 gene fusion signal was present in 22 patients. Among those 22 patients, 16 presented a typical signal pattern and 6 presented atypical signal patterns. Conclusion. We set up the FISH technique in Mali for the diagnosis and the follow-up of CML patients and identified atypical translocation of t(9;22).

Features of malaria among patients HIV infected in a Department of Infectious Diseases in Bamako

Introduction. We studied malaria in HIV infected subjects hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases at Point G Teaching Hospital in Mali, with the objective to have current data on malaria in patients infected by HIV. Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective study from October, 1st 2016 to September 30th 2018 in patients seropositive for HIV having positive thick smear for Plasmodium and hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases at Point G Teaching Hospital. We collected sociodemographic, clinical and lab data form those patients. Data have been entered and analyzed using SPSS20.0 software. Results. Hospital frequency of malaria among People living with HIV was 24.4% (151/618). This population has a mean-age of 44.1±12.4 y/o and a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.86. Majority of patients were at WHO stage IV of HIV infection (63.4%). Symptoms were by decreasing frequency: fever (98.3%); headache (86.4%); anorexia (72.9%); asthenia (61.0%) and vomiting (42.4%). the mean parasitemia was 172.9±352.1 trophozoite/mm3 . Mean hemoglobin level was 9.1±3.2 g/dl and the mean CD4 count was 9±3 cell/mm3 . Severe malaria was independent from WHO HIV stage and from immunologic deficiency. The malaria treatment when correctly followed conduct to good improvement of the anemia (p = 0.03) and the negativity of the parasitemia (p = 0.00). Death in our HIV patient is linked to association with severe malaria (p = 0,012). Conclusion. Malaria is relatively common and severe among PLWHA in Mali. Prompt treatment is still effective and must be implemented to ensure a good prognosis. Despite cotrimoxazole chemoprophylaxis, a certain number of PLHIV suffer from malaria, raising the hypothesis of plasmodium resistance to antifolates.

Insuffisance rénale aïgue à COVID-19: à propos de 02 cas au Mali / Acute renal failure due to covid-19: about the two cases in Mali

Le rein est une des cibles de Covid-19.L'atteinte peut se présenter sous forme d'une insuffisance rénale aigue (5-35% des patients), d'une hématurie (30-40%) et/ou d'une protéinurie (40-65%). Nous rapportons deux cas d'insuffisance rénale aigue due au Covid-19 au Mali. Il s'agit d'une femme de 63 ans et d'un homme de 60 ans, de race noire et tous deux diabétiques. Les circonstances de découverte de l'insuffisance rénale ont été l'oligurie dans les deux cas et l'hématurie macroscopique totale dans le deuxième cas. Conclusion : Les atteintes rénales deviennent de plus de plus fréquentes au cours de l'infection à Covid-19. Nous suggérons de les rechercher systématiquement dès que le diagnostic de cette infection est posé.

Profil épidémiologique de la COVID-19 dans la région de Tombouctou au Mali / Epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in Tombouctou region in Mali

Introduction : L'objectif de notre étude était d'établir le profil épidémiologique de la COVID-19 à Tombouctou. Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive des données de surveillance de la COVID-19 de la Région de Tombouctou du 3 avril au 1er octobre 2020. Nos variables d'intérêts ont été extraites de la base de données de surveillance et analysées sur Excel 2013. Les fréquences, taux et ratio ont été calculés. Résultats :Au total 1851 cas suspects en provenance de tous les districts de la région ont été testés à la RT-PCR dont 572 confirmés soit un taux de positivité de 30,90%. La tranche d'âge de 15-34 ans était la plus représentée avec une proportion de 48% de l'effectif des confirmés. Le sex ratio (homme/femme) des cas confirmés était de 2,67. La ville de Tombouctou était l'épicentre de la COVID-19. La région de Tombouctou avait un taux de dépistage d'environ 2‰ (1851/928.000) et a connu son pic entre les semaines 22 et 23 avec une létalité de 2,8%. Conclusion : Les jeunes et les hommes seraient les plus susceptibles d'être infectés par la COVID-19. Nous recommandons le renforcement de la sensibilisation pour le respect des mesures barrières

Introduction: The objective of our study was to establish the epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in Tombouctou. Material and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of COVID-19 surveillance data from Tombouctou from April 3 to October 1, 2020. Our variables of interest were extracted from the surveillance database and analyzed with Excel 2013. The frequencies, rate, and ratio were computed. Results: Overall, 1851 suspects from all districts of the region were screened by RT-PCR, including 572 confirmed, which indicate a positivity rate of 30.90%. The 15-34 age group was the most represented with 48% of the confirmed cases. The sex ratio (male / female) of confirmed cases was 2.67. The city of Tombouctou was the epicenter of COVID-19. The Tombouctou region had a detection rate of around 2‰ (1851/928,000) and peaked between weeks 22 and 23 with a case fatality of 2.8%. Conclusion: Young people and men were most likely to be infected with COVID-19. We recommend increasing awareness of compliance with barrier measures.

Rice farmer's poverty and its determinants: evidence from Dogofiri village of Office du Niger zone in Mali / A pobreza dos agricultores de arroz e seus determinantes: evidências da aldeia de Dogofiri na zona do Office du Niger, Mali

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to contribute to a better understanding of rice farmer's poverty of Office du Niger (ON) in Mali at village-level. Data were collected through survey with 110 head family farms in the village of Dogofiri. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the main determinants of poverty. Results indicated that the factors of physical capital and human capital as well as government policy have a significant influence on the poverty of family farms through production, age, family size, education and health support, agricultural credit and water fees. Policies aimed to improve the family farm's income and boosting rice production to alleviate poverty ought to be based on these factors.

RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa é contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da pobreza dos produtores de arroz do Office du Niger (ON), no Mali, ao nível das aldeias. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa em 110 propriedades familiares da aldeia de Dogofiri. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizados para analisar os principais determinantes da pobreza. Os resultados indicaram que os fatores de capital físico e de capital humano, bem como a política governamental, influenciam significativamente na pobreza das propriedades familiares por meio da produção, idade, tamanho da família, educação e apoio à saúde, crédito agrícola e taxas de água. Políticas destinadas para melhorar a renda da agricultura familiar e aumentar a produção de arroz para atenuar a pobreza devem basear-se nesses fatores.

HIV-2 Treatment in Mali and Drug Resistance Antiretroviral Profile

Aims:We evaluated different treatment regimens administered to patients infected with HIV-2 in Mali, and studied pol polymorphisms that may influence susceptibility to antiretrovirals.Methodology:We collected 57 blood samples from HIV -2 seropositive patients in health centers in Mali (Bamako, Segou and Sikasso), including 21 treated patients and 36 untreated patients. The confirmation of the serological status and the measurement of the viral load were carried out in Brussels. Genotypic analysis of protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase was then performed on specimens with detectable viral load. The search for ARV resistance mutations and polymorphism positions was performed in comparison with reference sequences.Results:The most used treatment regimen was ZDV-3TC-LPV/ r. Genotypic analysis of protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase was performed on 20 samples from patients with detectable viral load: 16 untreated patients and 4 treated patients. Seventy-five percent of the strains analyzed correspond to group A of HIV-2. In 2cas, mutations associated with resistance to the administered molecules were found. Three viral strains from untreated patients had NRTI or PI resistance mutations. In integrase, no mutation associated with resistance was observed.Conclusion:The circulation of strains carrying resistance mutations to NRTIs and PIs has been observed in Mali

Antiretroviral-induced adverse drug reactions in HIV-infected patients in Mali: a resource-limited setting experience

Background: There are few reports in the literature from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding antiretroviral-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now widely available in SSA, and ADRs during HIV infection are also frequent. In this study, we reported the frequency and risk factors of ART-induced ADRs in a Malian population.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed in the HIV Care and Counseling Centre (CESAC) of Mali from 2011 to 2012. Adult patients infected with HIV and who had recently started ART were included and followed-up clinically Were included in this study, adult patients living with HIV and had recently started ART who were followed up for at least 6 months to determine the incidence of ADRs using Naranjo’s classification scale.Results: During this study, 357 (42.3%) patients presented ADRs (40.1% of our patients (n=338) experienced at least one ADR, and 2.2% (n=19) experienced at least two ADRs). The prevalence of ADRs by organ system was: 45.9% neurological (n=164); 29.4% metabolic (blood chemistry) (n=105); 15.4% hematological (n=55). High probable rate of ADR was observed as indicated by the Naranjo score in 83.7% of the cases. Zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T) use was identified as a risk factor for either anaemia or peripheral neuropathy whereas nevirapine (NVP) and female gender were risk factors for skin reactions. Patients with advance disease had the highest rate of ADRs compared to the others.Conclusions: Based on the Naranjo probability scale, our data show that ADRs such as peripheral neuropathy and anemia are very frequent. These ADR was linked to AZT and D4T. Our findings highlight the need for active monitoring, continuous pharmacovigilance of ART and change of some ART drug in this population.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute upper respiratory infection of patients in peace-keeping operations area in Mali from 2014 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute upper respiratory infection of patients in peace-keeping operations area in Mali, so as to provide experiences for prevention and control of acute upper respiratory infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the case history of upper respiratory tract infection from January 2014 to December 2017. The clinical data of the patients were recorded and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 484 patients met the inclusion criteria. According to the time distribution, most patients with upper respiratory tract infections were concentrated in May, August, September and December. WBC in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.41, P=0.008), Gran in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.92, P0.05). The electrolyte K, Ca, Na and Cl values in fever group were lower than those in normal temperature group (all P<0.05). Conclusions In terms of time distribution, under the circumstances of rotation and handover of peacekeeping forces, seasonal change, large temperature difference between day and night, etc, the peacekeeping forces should take precautions to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and avoid non-combat attrition of peacekeepers. From the analysis of clinical characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection, fever alone is not an indication of antibiotic use, but must be combined with symptoms, signs and laboratory examinations of patients. At the same time, patients with fever are prone to electrolyte disorders, which should be paid great attention by medical staff.

Epidemiology of the outbreak, vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mali: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To compile available data and to estimate the burden, characteristics and risks factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Mali. Methods Articles in English and French were searched in Hinari, Google scholar and PubMed. Unpublished studies were identified by searching in Google.com. Terms used were cutaneous leishmaniasis Mali; Leishmaniasis Mali, Leishmania major Mali; or Phlebotomus Mali or Sergentomyia Mali. We select descriptive studies on CL and sandflies in Mali. Data were extracted and checked by the author, then analyzed by region, by study population and type of biological tests, meta-analysis approach with STATA software was used. Results Nineteen published (n = 19) and three unpublished were included. CL epidemiology was characterized by occurrence of clinical cases in different areas of Mali, outbreaks restricted to known areas of transmission and isolated cases diagnosed in travelers. In endemic areas, population at risk are young age persons, farmers, ranchers, housewives, teachers and military personnel. The annual incidence ranged from 290 to 580 cases of CL. Leishmania major is the main species encountered throughout the country (North Savanna, Sahel and Sub-Saharan areas), and Phlebotomus duboscqi has been identified as the vector and Sergentomyia (Spelaeomyia) darlingi as possible vector. The overall estimated prevalence of positive LST (Leishmanin Skin Test) was 22.1%. The overall frequency of CL disease among suspected cases was 40.3%. Conclusions Although descriptive, hospital-based and cross-sectional studies are robust enough to determine the extent of CL in Mali; future well-designed eco-epidemiological studies at a nationwide scale are needed to fully characterize CL epidemiology and risk factors in Mali.

Epidemiology of the outbreak, vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mali: A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE@#To compile available data and to estimate the burden, characteristics and risks factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Mali.@*METHODS@#Articles in English and French were searched in Hinari, Google scholar and PubMed. Unpublished studies were identified by searching in Google.com. Terms used were cutaneous leishmaniasis Mali; Leishmaniasis Mali, Leishmania major Mali; or Phlebotomus Mali or Sergentomyia Mali. We select descriptive studies on CL and sandflies in Mali. Data were extracted and checked by the author, then analyzed by region, by study population and type of biological tests, meta-analysis approach with STATA software was used.@*RESULTS@#Nineteen published (n = 19) and three unpublished were included. CL epidemiology was characterized by occurrence of clinical cases in different areas of Mali, outbreaks restricted to known areas of transmission and isolated cases diagnosed in travelers. In endemic areas, population at risk are young age persons, farmers, ranchers, housewives, teachers and military personnel. The annual incidence ranged from 290 to 580 cases of CL. Leishmania major is the main species encountered throughout the country (North Savanna, Sahel and Sub-Saharan areas), and Phlebotomus duboscqi has been identified as the vector and Sergentomyia (Spelaeomyia) darlingi as possible vector. The overall estimated prevalence of positive LST (Leishmanin Skin Test) was 22.1%. The overall frequency of CL disease among suspected cases was 40.3%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Although descriptive, hospital-based and cross-sectional studies are robust enough to determine the extent of CL in Mali; future well-designed eco-epidemiological studies at a nationwide scale are needed to fully characterize CL epidemiology and risk factors in Mali.

High Genetic Variability of Schistosoma haematobium in Mali and Nigeria

Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.