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Background@#Establishment of quantitative reference intervals of white blood cells and its subpopulations using a high accuracy analytic system is essential for clinical medicine, public health, and anthropology. We are unable to identify peer-reviewed literature sources describing white blood cell counts and their subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies to specific surface antigens in healthy Mongolians. This study aimed to measure the counts of white blood cells and their subpopulations in healthy Mongolians using flowcytometry. @*Materials and Methods@#The absolute number (cell/L) of leukocytes (CD45+), granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes were measured by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting Assay (MACSQuant Analyzer 10) in 287 blood donors (158 males and 129 females) 17-64 years of age (mean age 33.1±12.4). Peripheral blood samples were collected at the time of blood donation at the National Center for Transfusion Medicine.@*Results@#The mean values of leukocytes and granulocytes were lower in donors over 30 years of age (ANOVA: F=4.408, p=0.002 and F=5.685, p=0.001) and regression analysis demonstrated indirect correlation between counts of these cells and age of donors (r= - 0.198, p=0.001 and r=-0.221, p=0.001, respectively). Gender-related differences in white blood cell counts were not found.</br> Mean value of lymphocyte count in donors investigated in spring (May and March, n = 87; 2224.6±775.3) was significantly higher than those in winter (December – February, n=180; 1613.2±454.3, p=0.001) and autumn (October, n=20; 1576.1±438.6, p= 0.001). </br> Comparing of our findings with the data from available literature shown that healthy Mongolians have lower leukocyte count compared with Koreans, Chinese Han population and lower mean value of lymphocyte count comparing with Korean, Chinese Han population, and Arabian (Saudi Arabia) populations.
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@#BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is the state of organs being resistant to insulin resulting in decrease of glucose utility. Insulin resistance is tightly interconnected to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, among Mongolian population, study on insulin resistance is rare. METHODS The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and its relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors in middle aged Mongolians. In 149 men and women we measured carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters, obesity markers, blood pressure, high sensitive C-reactive protein and uric acid levels. IR was determined by the HOMA-IR index. The threshold level of HOMA-IR proved to be 2.8 conv. units. The frequency of IR detection by HOMA-IR index was 43.0%. We identified risk factors that were most closely associated with the presence of IR. They were metabolic syndrome by International Diabetes Federation (2005) criteria, diastolic blood pressure and C-reactive protein level. RESULTS Study covered 149 men and women with average age of 49.5. HOMA-IR index average was 2.2. The threshold HOMA-IR index was 2.8. The IR prevalence was high at 43% without any gender difference. CONCLUSION The threshold HOMA-IR index was 2.8 in the study participants. Moreover, cardiovascular risk factors according to SCORE criteria were high. High blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and having metabolic syndrome increases IR risk by 2-3 times. As a result of the study, diagnosing obesity using WHO criteria of BMI>30kg/m2 rather than WPRO criteria of BMI>25 kg/m2 is statistically more significant.
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Vitamin D deficiency is a major health problem worldwide, especially in the elderly, so that an accurate assessment of its prevalence is essential for planning reliable healthcare policy throughout the lifespan. Purpose:The aim of the oncentrationofpresent study wasto assess the25-hydroxyvitamin D 25OHD) across different as well as the mild andmoderate deficiencies ages and genders.Methods:We searched the database of the local Laboratory Information System to retrieve results of 25OHD tests performed on the whole cohort of presumably Mongolian participants aged >22 yrs, who were referred to our laboratory in Gurvan Gal Hospital’s clinical laboratory, a 1-year period (January 2011 - January 2012). Results:Results for 25OHD testing were retrieved for 120 participants. No significant differences between females and males were observed for 25OHD values(20 [4-17.89]ng/ml versus 53 [4-20.06]ng/ml; p=0.3). A non significant variation of 25OHD values was also found by ANOVA analysis throughout 3 age cohorts (22-40, 41-60, >60 yrs), in both genders. In each age group, the values of 25OHD did not significantly differ between genders.Conclusions:We observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a Mongolians. Lifestyle factors, including smoking, and physical activity, were significant predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.
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IntroductionThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes andprediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Also it is known as acluster of changes associated with resistance to insulin.There is a convincing evidence of important ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome,its components and sequelae. Estimates vary by country, but generally they show higher prevalenceof metabolic syndrome in non-European groups. Based on these findings, we were convinced inthe importance of studying the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among thepopulation of Mongolia.Materials and MethodsThe main goal of our study was the determination of insulin level and insulin resistance in metabolicsyndrome exposed and non-exposed groups. We included 194 randomly selected people aged 20-60 years old; among them 51 had metabolic syndrome which was identified by the criteria of theInternational Diabetes Federation. All participants underwent general medical examinations andsigned a written consent paper. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL, insulin levels were measuredin fasting blood serum and insulin resistance was calculated as a HOMA-IR model.ResultsAverage age of participants was 44,26±8,66 years, of whom 46,4% (n=90) were male, 53,6%(n=104)were female. By IDF criteria, 26,2% (n=51) of the participants had metabolic syndrome. Insulin levelwas 17,23±14,91μIu/mL in MS exposed group which was much higher than in the control group.Insulin, HOMA-IR, had direct correlation with the body mass, BMI and waist circumference andinverse correlation between HDL.Conclusions26.2% of the study participants had metabolic syndrome which was defined by IDF criteria. Insulin levelin the MS exposed group was 17,23±14,91μIu/mL, higher than in the control group by 7,53±2,21μIU/mL. Insulin, HOMA-IR, showed a direct correlation with the body mass, BMI and waist circumferenceand inverse correlation between HDL.
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Vitamin D deficiency is a major health problem worldwide, especially in the elderly, so that an accurate assessment of its prevalence is essential for planning reliable healthcare policy throughout the lifespan. Purpose: The aim of the oncentrationofpresent study wasto assess the25-hydroxyvitamin D 25OHD) across different as well as the mild andmoderate deficiencies ages and genders. Methods: We searched the database of the local Laboratory Information System to retrieve results of 25OHD tests performed on the whole cohort of presumably Mongolian participants aged >22 yrs, who were referred to our laboratory in Gurvan Gal Hospital’s clinical laboratory, a 1-year period (January 2011 - January 2012). Results: Results for 25OHD testing were retrieved for 120 participants. No significant differences between females and males were observed for 25OHD values(20 [4-17.89]ng/ml versus 53 [4-20.06]ng/ml; p=0.3). A non significant variation of 25OHD values was also found by ANOVA analysis throughout 3 age cohorts (22-40, 41-60, >60 yrs), in both genders. In each age group, the values of 25OHD did not significantly differ between genders. Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a Mongolians. Lifestyle factors, including smoking, and physical activity, were significant predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.
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Goal: To determine average values of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipid cholesterol and low density lipid cholesterol of Mongolian adults, and compare the average values by age groups, gender and regions. Materials and Methods: Serum was separated from morning blood samples collected from 1737 individuals 15-64 years of age (707 males and 1030 females) from 21 aimags and Ulaanbaatar city, and stored at-30°C until analysis. Mean levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were determined using photometric system. Results: The overall mean serum level of cholesterol was 159.06 mg/dl (95% CI 155.58-162.53), of triglycerides was 121.65 mg/dl (95% CI 116.77-126.53), of HDL was 61.12 mg/dl (95% CI 59.77-62.47), and of LDL was 130.53 mg/dl (95% CI 128.26-132.80). When the survey participants were divided into five age groups (15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years of age) and their mean levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed between age groups. When the mean levels of lipids were compared between sexes, statistically significant differences were observed for cholesterol and triglycerides, and no statistically significant differences were observed for HDl and LDL.
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Introduction: Findings of study on disability types among Mongolian population confirm that 16631 (15.4) refers to visual impairment, speech and language disability 5999 (5.6), hard of hearing 12633 (11.7), mobility impairment 31265 (28.9), intellectual impairment 20898 (19.3) and other disabilities 20645 (19.1). There is no other study which assessed disability prevalence and some determinant factors which lead to disability and health status among older (ages women 55+, men 60+) disabled Mongolians. Goal: To assess the reason and type among disabled older Mongolians Materials and methods: This study was conducted on a random sample of disabled elderly people residing in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Study is based on questionnaire and interview to indicate some health conditions. We used formal methods to assess activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living of disabled older people.Result: The sample represented 46.2% of men and 53.8% women in respondents. Median age of respondents was 75.2±10.5 (men 74.2±8.7, women 76.2±11.8). While 72.3% of respondents did physical work, 25.4% respondents did intellectual work and only 2.3% respondents had physical-intellectual work. According to the types of disability, 36.7% of respondents had mobility impairment, 16.7% of elder people had visual disability and 12.2% of respondents had hearing impairment. While 94.6% respondents had acquired disability, 4.6% respondents had congenital disability. In terms of activities of daily living, 76.2% of respondents had difficulty in bathing independently, 38.5% with dressing, and 62.3% had moving limitations at home.Conclusions:1. Mobility disability is higher (36.7%) than other types of disability among disabled older people.2. About 76.2% respondents had disability because of some diseases, about 8.5% about 8.5% from occupational disease, about 3.1% respondents from industrial injuries and about 11.5% respondents because of home injuries.3. Disability with activities of daily living is about 48% among disabled older people and the highest disabled daily activity is bathing, about 76.2%. Disability with instrumental activities of daily living is about 66% in disabled older people and the highest disabled instrumental activity is about 90%, is walking in long distance.4. According to this conclusion, disabled older people will greatly increase to demand health and social care assistance.
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The serum activity levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are important biochemical indicators of changes in the liver and coronary system function. The correct determination of changes in the activity levels of the transferases is essential for differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the diseases. Goal: The aim of this study was to determine the mean activity levels of ALT and AST of the Mongolian population. Materials and Methods: Serum was separated from morning blood samples collected from 1732 individuals 15-64 years of age (706 males, 1026 females) from 21 aimags and Ulaanbaatar city, and stored at -30°C until analysis. Ac¬tivity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined using photometric system. Results: The overall mean serum activity level of AST was 25.52 U/L and of ALT was 21.31 U/L. No statistically sig¬nificant differences were observed between the surveyed from Ulaanbaatar and from rural area, but the mean activity level of both enzymes was statistically significantly lower in women than in men (р<0.05 for both ALT and AST). When the survey participants were divided into five age groups (15-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years and 55-64 years of age) and their mean activity levels of AST and ALT were compared, it was observed that the activity of both enzymes increased with age (p<0.05).
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The serum activity levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are important biochemical indicators of changes in the liver and coronary system function. The correct determination of changes in the activity levels of the transferases is essential for differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the diseases. Goal: The aim of this study was to determine the mean activity levels of ALT and AST of the Mongolian population. Materials and Methods: Serum was separated from morning blood samples collected from 1732 individuals 15-64 years of age (706 males, 1026 females) from 21 aimags and Ulaanbaatar city, and stored at -30°C until analysis. Activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined using photometric system. Results: The overall mean serum activity level of AST was 25.52 U/L and of ALT was 22.60 U/L. No statistically significant differences were observed between the surveyed from Ulaanbaatar and from rural area as well as between sexes (p>0.05 for both ALT and AST). When the survey participants were divided into five age groups (15-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years and 55-64 years of age) and their mean activity levels of AST and ALT were compared, it was observed that the activity of both enzymes increased with age (p<0.05)