ABSTRACT
ObjectiveThe biosynthetic pathways of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids（BIAs） in Nelumbo nucifera are of great theoretical and economic value. In this paper， N. nucifera O-methyltransferase（NnOMT） and N. nucifera N-methyltransferase（NnNMT） gene families were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics in order to facilitate the biosynthetic pathway of BIAs in N. nucifera. MethodBased on the whole genome of N. nucifera， UniPort and National Center for Biotechnology Information（NCBI） databases were used to identify the NnOMT and NnNMT gene families of N. nucifera， and analyze their physicochemical properties and subcellular localization， then TBtools， MEME， MEGA 11.0， FigTree 1.4.4 and other tools were used to analyze the phylogeny， sequence characteristics， gene structure， functional annotation and cis-acting elements of NnOMT and NnNMT genes identified in the previous stage. ResultA total of 61 NnOMT and NnNMT genes were identified in this paper， the number of amino acids encoded by these genes ranged from 168 aa to 580 aa， the isoelectric point ranged from 4.76 to 9.16， and the relative molecular weight ranged from 18 699.52 Da to 64 934.53 Da， most of which showed acidic and mostly hydrophilic proteins. There were 10 conserved motifs， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis enriched a total of 12 pathways， including metabolism， biosynthesis of phenylpropane and isoquinoline alkaloids， etc. And Visualization of Gene Ontology（GO） enrichment results showed that 61 NnOMT and NnNMT genes were annotated to 32 items， which included 16 molecular functions［such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide（NADH） activity and exopeptidase activity］ and 16 biological processes（such as metabolic process of carbon tetrachloride， anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process and responses to exogenous biological stimuli）. There were a variety of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of NnOMT and NnNMT genes， mainly promoter and enhancer regions element， light responsive element and methyl jasmonate responsive element. ConclusionIn this study， a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of 61 NnOMT and NnNMT genes is carried out based on the genome data of N. nucifera， which lays a foundation for research on the gene structure and function of NnOMT and NnNMT gene families， and provides a reference for biosynthetic pathway elucidation of BIAs in N. nucifera.
ABSTRACT
Objectives?Ulcerative colitis is a global disease with increasing incidence and worldwide prevalence. So this study was undertaken to observe antiulcerative colitis activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Nelumbo nucifera plant on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Materials and Methods?The effect of ethanolic extract of N. nucifera seed (EENNS) was studied on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in albino Wistar rats for 11 days. Disease pathogenesis was assessed by evaluation of disease activity index (DAI) including the following parameters: change in body weight, stool constituency, rectal bleeding in animals. Estimation of myeloperoxide (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidant parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase level was performed in colon homogenate of animals. TNF-? (tumor necrosis factor- ?) level was measured in colon homogenate using rat TNF-? ELISA kit. Statistical Analysis?Significant differences (mean?±?standard error of the mean) were detected using one-way analysis of variance followed by post-test using Graphpad prism 7.0 for multiple comparisons. Results?EENNS (400?mg/kg) significantly improved the disease progression, body weight, and colon length of the animals as compared with the disease control group. Animal treated with EENNS (400?mg/kg) showed significantly improved colon mucosal damage index (1.66?±?0.21) and DAI (11.66?±?4.01) as compared with the disease control group. A higher level of SOD and catalase and a lower level of MDA were observed in animals treated with EENNS (400?mg/kg) as compared with the disease control group. Animals treated with EENNS (400?mg/kg) significantly decreased in NO and MPO levels as compared with the disease control group. A lower level of TNF-? (561.94?±?14.84) was observed in EENNS (400?mg/kg)-treated animals as compared with the disease control group (736.92?±?15.3). These observations were comparable to those of the standard control group. Histopathological data showed that EENNS (400?mg/kg) has shown reversal of tissue inflammation as compared with the disease group and evidence of less cell infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes with normal structures of goblet cell and crypts as compared with the disease group. Conclusion?EENS (400?mg/kg) can decrease the severity of the UC produced by DSS. EENNS showed a protective effect against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis which may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
ABSTRACT
Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) is frequently used for the treatment of many diseases in Asian countries withoutproper scientific evidence of its safety. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicological effects ofNNF. Toxicity study was conducted on 28 male Wister rats weighing 180-230 g that were allocated equally to 4treatment groups; a control and 3 test groups. Parameters assessed were clinical signs, body weight,hematology, blood biochemistry and histopathology after administration of NNF to rats for 13 weeks. No majortoxicity was revealed throughout the study, though some biochemical changes were observed in hepatic andrenal tissues but these changes did not correspond with histopathology findings. There was no mortality andevidence of systemic toxicity following 13 weeks administration of NNF. Hematology and blood biochemistrydid not reveal any toxicity at any dose; however, histopathological evaluation of hepatic tissues of few animalstreated with 200 mg/kg showed areas of necrosis at lesser extent in few animals after 13 weeks exposure of fruit.Histopathology of renal tissues of group treated with 200 mg/kg revealed areas of moderate tubular disruptionand few foci of tubular necrosis. Although only few adverse effects were observed but NNF administration ifnecessary for a prolonged period, then it may be used in a dose rage of 50-100 mg/kg in order to avoidintractable effects. Additional studies are required to clinically evaluate the safety profile of NNF.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation. Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes. Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes. Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings.
ABSTRACT
As a common medicine and homologous plant, Nelumbo nucifera mainly contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes, steroids, fatty acids, proteins, minerals, vitamins and other chemical constituents, with lipid-lowering, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostasis and other pharmacological activities. After reviewing the literatures at home and abroad for nearly 40 years, 385 compounds have been reported from different parts of N. nucifera including lotus leaves, plumula nelumbinis, lotus, lotus seeds, lotus root, lotus seedpod, nelumbinis rhizome node, lotus stem, N. nucifera stamens and lotus seed skins. There are 86 alkaloids, 133 flavonoids, and 166 other compounds. In this review, we summarized the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects reported in N. nucifera, and it provides a reference for further study on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activity and development and utilization of N. nucifera.
ABSTRACT
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is commonly called lotus and its leaves are widely been used as functional ingredients due to its antioxidant activity. For maximum efficacy, optimized extraction condition was established using response surface methodology. The high F-values, low p-values and insignificant p-value for lack-of-fit supported the fitness of the model and yielded the second-order polynomial regression for the antioxidant activity. The optimized extract was obtained by the extraction of 1 g of lotus leaves with 40 mL of 50% MeOH at 10.0℃, which exerted 70.1% antioxidant activity. Close correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity suggested phenolic compounds as active constituents of lotus leaves. In addition, comparison of different parts of lotus demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity of flowers, followed by leaves and roots. Taken together, these results provide useful information about lotus leaves for the development as antioxidant ingredients. In addition, flowers and roots as well as leaves are suggested as good sources for antioxidant activity.
Subject(s)
Flowers , Lotus , Nelumbo , PhenolABSTRACT
High-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed to isolate dihydrophaseic acid 3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (DHPAG) from the extract of Nelumbo nucifera seeds. Enriched DHPAG sample (2.3 g) was separated by HPCCC using ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water system (6:4:10, v/v/v, normal-phase mode, flow rate: 4.0 mL/min) to give 23.1 mg of DHPAG with purity of 88.7%. Further preparative RP-HPLC experiment gave pure DHPAG (16.3 mg, purity > 98%). The current study demonstrates that utilization of CCC method maximizes the isolation efficiency compared with that of solid-based conventional column chromatography.
Subject(s)
Chromatography , Chromatography, Liquid , Countercurrent Distribution , Methods , NelumboABSTRACT
The phytochemical study for the extract of Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaceae) seeds has led to the isolation of ten compounds including five simple phenolic compounds, two indole derivatives, a flavonoid glycoside, two abscisic acid derivatives. The interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-Q-TOF-MS spectroscopic data revealed the chemical structures of isolates to be p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), (E)-p-coumaric acid (3), (E)-ferulic acid (4), (E)-sinapate-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), tryptophan (6), 3-indoleacetic acid (7), isoschaftoside (8), dihydrophaseic acid (9), dihydrophaseic acid 3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). To the best of our knowledge, 1 – 5 and 7 were identified for the first time from N. nucifera seeds, and the presence of dihydrophaseic acid (9) and its glucoside (10) were demonstrated secondly in this plant.
Subject(s)
Abscisic Acid , Nelumbo , Phenol , Plants , TryptophanABSTRACT
The present study was designed to synthesize and evaluate a series of benzylisoquinoline derivatives. These compounds were synthesized by Bischler-Napieralski cyclization to yield 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, and the products were obtained by reductions. All these compounds were identified by MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. The inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and preadipocyte proliferation for the synthesized compounds and alkaloids from Nulembo nucifera were assessed in vitro. Most of the compounds showed inhibitory activities on both pancreatic lipase and preadipocyte proliferation. Particularly, compounds 7p-7u and 9d-9f exhibited significant inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase while compounds 7c, 7d, 7f, 7g, 7i, and 7j potently inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our results provided a basis for future evaluation and development of these compounds as leads for therapeutics for human diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adipocytes , Cell Biology , Benzylisoquinolines , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cell Proliferation , Enzyme Inhibitors , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Lipase , Metabolism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The present study was designed to determine the phytocomponents of the ethanol extract of N. nucifera seed using GC-MS. The phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of N. nucifera seed was performed using Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy. GC-MS chromatogram of the ethanolic extract of N. nucifera seed showed thirty-eight peaks which indicating the presence of thirty-eight phytochemical constituents. The major phytochemical constituents are lupeol (22.95%), octadecatrienoic acid-2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1- [[(trimethylsilyl)oxy] methyl]ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (7.86%), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl--cis-13-docosenoate (5.35%), oleanolic acid(5.19%), tristrimethylsilyl ether derivative of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (3.36%) ,trimethylsilyl derivative of 2-monoolein (3.26%), lucenin 2 (3.02%), lupanol (2.95%), tetraneurin-a-diol (2.78%), carotene- 1,1',2,2'-tetrahydro-1,1'-dimethoxy (2.32%), 1-oxo-forskolin (1.99%), oleic acid-3-hydroxypropyl ester (1.78%), oleic acid trimethylsilyl ester (1.69%), betulin (1.61%), à-amyrin-trimethylsilyl ether (1.49%), stigmast-5-en-3- ol-(3á,24S)(1.43%), flavone-4'-OH,5-OH,7-di-O-glucoside (1.11%). Among thirty-eight compounds identified, only twelve were reported to have biological activities. Our results indicate that N. nucifera seed contain various bioactive components.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the antioxidant activity between phenolic and nonphenolic alkaloids in Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn.in vitro. Methods DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, super oxygen anion from oxidation, reducing power and beta carotene bleaching test methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the alkaloids. Results Half maximalinhibitory concentration ( IC50 ) of DPPH among total alkaloid, phenolic alkaloids and nonphenolic alkaloids was 21.89, 27.10 and 32.87 μg·mL-1 , respectively;IC50 of ABTS free radicals was 14.25, 20.55, 25.94μg·mL-1;The hydroxyl radical scavenging IC50 was 0.03, 0.03, 0.08 μg·mL-1; The auto-oxidation rate of super oxygen was 8.72×10-4, 5.87×10-4, 6.68× 10-4;The total alkaloid had the best reducing power, while the non-phennolic alakloids had the worst; Lipid inhibition rate of three alkaloids were 89.63%, 85.85% and 83.78% respectively. Conclusion Phenolic alkaloids are better than non-phenolic alkaloids in hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power and anti-lipid peroxidation, resulting in a promising prospect.
ABSTRACT
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nymphaeaceae), a perennial aquatic plant, has been used as a medicinal herb in China and India. It has been recorded in the most famous medicinal book in China for more than 400 years. Different part of plant (leaves, seeds, flower, and rhizome) can be used in traditional system of medicine. In traditional system of medicine, the different parts of plant is reported to possess beneficial effects as in for the treatment of pharyngopathy, pectoralgia, spermatorrhoea, leucoderma, smallpox, dysentery, cough, haematemesis, epistaxis, haemoptysis, haematuria, metrorrhagia, hyperlipidaemia, fever, cholera, hepatopathy and hyperdipsia. Following the traditional claims for the use of N.nucifera as cure of numerous diseases considerable efforts have been made by researchers to verify it’s utility through scientific pharmacological screenings. The pharmacological studies have shown that N.nucifera posseses various notable pharmacological activities like amti-ischemic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antiobesity, lipolytic, hypocholestemic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic, antidiarrhoeal, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities. A wide variety of phytoprinciples have been isolated from the plant. The present review is an effort to consolidate traditional, ethnobotanic, phytochemical and pharmacological information available on N.nucifera.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to evaluate the immunostimulant potential of Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus). Formulated diets with different concentrations of ethanolic extract of N.nucifera (D1=0%, D2=1% and D3=2%) were fed to Cirrhinus mrigala for 40 days, the Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were calculated significant increase was observed in SGR &FCR. Then the experimental fishes were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and after 5 days the haematological parameters like Total Erythrocyte count (TEC), Haemoglobin (Hb), Total leucocyte count (TLC), Differential leucocyte count (DLC), serum total protein, serum albumin and globulin levels were analyzed. The TEC, Hb, TLC, Lymphocytes and monocyte counts increased significantly in D3 diet fed fishes. Highly significant increase was observed in serum total protein and albumin levels only. Globulin levels remain unchanged. Basophil and Eosinophil counts decreased significantly. Thus N.nucifera in fish feed preparations may be included as growth promoter and immunostimulator.
ABSTRACT
Objective: A novel method for the analysis of alkaloids in Nelumbo nucifera leaves was established by SPE-RRLC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Methods: The crude sample was extracted by 1% HCl with ultrasound-assisted extraction, then purified by SPE column, and eluted with ammonia-methanol (5:95). After concentration, the residue was dissolved by methanol solution. The real sample was analyzed by RRLC-Q-TOF. A Welch Materials C18 column was applied in the RRLC separation using acetonitrile and water as mobile phase. The elutes were detected by Q-TOF to obtain the MS spectra with extract molecular weights under positive ion mode. Results: Nine alkaloids were identified. Conclusion: This method can be used to rapidly determine the alkaloids of N. nucifera leaves.
ABSTRACT
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae) a plant used in Ayurvedic medicine (common name: lotus), is a perennial, large and rhizomatous aquatic herb most prevalent in South India. Preliminary phytochemical screening of both white and pink Nelumbo nucifera flowers revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols etc,). Hence, an attempt has been made to screen the effect of Nelumbo nucifera flowers (both types) on platelet aggregation. The antiplatelet activity of hydroethanolic extract of both types of flowers was studied using platelet-rich plasma in different concentrations (100-500µg/ml). Both white and pink Nelumbo nucifera flower extracts showed dose-dependent effective antiplatelet activity with maximum activity at 500µg/ml concentration; prevention of platelet aggregation was 50 percent of that achieved with standard aspirin. Furthermore, the antiplatelet activity of white flowers was relatively high (p<0.05; ANOVA) compared to pink flowers. In conclusion, these observations suggest that both varieties of Nelumbo nucifera flower extracts exert different levels of inhibitory action on platelets in vitro (secretion and platelet aggregation suppression) due to differences in phytochemical content (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, phytosteroids, glycosides and saponins).
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nelumbonaceae, planta utilizada na medicina Ayurvédica, é erva aquática rizomatosa grande, predominante no sul da Índia. A triagem fitoquímica preliminar das flores brancas e cor-de-rosa de Nelumbo nucifera revelou a presença de constituintes fitoquímicos (flavonoides, alcaloides, fenóis etc). Assim, tentou-se a triagem do efeito das flores de Nelumbo nucifera de ambos os tipos na agregação plaquetária. A atividade antiplaquetária dos extratos hidroetanólico de ambos os tipos de flores foi estudada, utilizando-se plasma rico em plaquetas em duas diferentes concentrações (100 - 500 µg/mL). Tanto os extratos das flores brancas quanto daquelas de cor-de-rosa mostraram atividade antiplaquetária dose-dependente, com o máximo na concentração de 500 µg/mL. A prevenção da agregação plaquetária foi 50 por cento daquela alcançada com o padrão de ácido acetilsalicílico. Além disso, a atividade antiplaquetária das flores brancas foi, relativamente, alta (p<0,05; ANOVA), comparativamente às flores cor-de-rosa. Estas observações sugerem que ambas as variedades de extratos de flores de Nelumbo nucifera exercem diferentes níveis de ação inibitória nas plaquetas in vitro (supressão da secreção e da agregação plaquetária) devido a diferentes constituintes fitoquímicos (alcaloides, flavonoides, fenóis, taninos, fitoesteróides, glicosídeos e saponinas).
Subject(s)
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Lotus/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Pharmacognosy , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
A padronização da indução de estresse oxidativo com a mstura de Fenton em rim isolado perfundido de rato e a avaliação do efeito antioxidante das flores de Nelumbo nucifera em rim isolado de rato oxidativamente estressado são realizadas no presente estudo. Seis grupos de rim isolado perfundido de rato foram utilizados para o presente estudo. O grupo I de rins recebeu veículo. O grupo II de rins foi oxidativamente estressados com a mistura de Fenton. Os grupos III e IV de animais foram tratados com duas doses graduais de extrato após a administração da mistura de Fenton. Os grupos V e VI de rins foram perfundidos com duas doses graduais de extrato sem a mistura de Fenton. A mistura de Fenton causou estresse oxidativo com diferença significativa de malondialdeído (TBARS), glutationa reduzida (GSH), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), catalase, glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase (GOT) e glutamato piruvato transaminase (GPT) (p<0,05) em ratos doentes. No tratamento dos animais com extrato, o estresse oxidativo foi diminuído com aumento nos antioxidantes e as enzimas marcadoras mantiveram o nível normal. Este efeito do extrato foi dependente da dose. Em conclusão, a mistura de Fenton desenvolveu o estresse oxidativo em rim isolado perfundido de rato e o extrato das flores de Nelumbo nucifera apresenta atividade antioxidante no rim isolado perfundido oxidativamente estressado.
Standardization of induction of oxidative stress with Fenton mixture in isolated perfused rat kidney and evaluation of antioxidant effect of Nelumbo nucifera flowers in isolated oxidatively stressed rat kidney are carried out in present study. Six groups of isolated perfused rat kidney were used for the present study. Group I kidneys were received vehicle. Group II kidneys were oxidatively stressed with Fenton mixture. Group III and IV animals were treated with two graded doses of extract after the administration of Fenton mixture. Group V and VI kidneys were perfused with two graded doses of extract without Fenton mixture. Fenton mixture was found to cause oxidative stress with significant difference of malondialdehyde (TBARS), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) (p<0.05) in diseased rats. On treating animals with extract, the oxidative stress was decreased with increase in antioxidants and the marker enzymes were found to maintain the normal level. This effect of extract was found to be dose dependent. In conclusion, Fenton mixture developed the oxidative stress in isolated perfused rat kidney and Nelumbo nucifera flowers extract exhibits antioxidant activity in that oxidatively stressed isolated perfused kidney.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Methods: Based on the established HPLC analytical method of plasma effective constituents,analysis and comparison were carried out among HPLC profi les of plasma samples obtained after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,blank plasma,alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Results: Sixteen compounds were detected under the method,three of them were architypes of compound contained in alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,and the others were metabolites.Through the comparison of the UV spectra,seven metabolites remain essential structure because the max wavelength was same to the architypes’,the other six metabolites’ structure changed greatly.Conclusion: Through the study of the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,the structure of metabolites can be conjectured,which may be helpful to study the ADME and mechanism of action.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the identification method of charred Nelumbo nucifera and its extract.METHODS: The identification of charred N.nucifera was carried out by TLC with 3-epibetulinic acid and ?-sitosterol as reference substances.The extract was determined with 65% alcohol as solvent.RESULTS: The TLC spots were clear and determination method was feasible.CONCLUSION:TLC can be applied to determine charred N.nucifera and the contents of 65% alcoholic extracted from charred N.nucifera were different place by place.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extracting technology of Nelumbo nucifera.METHODS:The extraction technology of Nelumbo nucifera was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the extraction rate of liensinine as index and with the concentration and amount of alcohol and the extraction time and extraction times as factors.RESULTS:The optimal conditions for extraction technology was as follows:adding four - fold amount of 80%alcohol and refluxing and extracting twice(1h each time).CONCLUSION:The extracting technology optimized under simulated conditions serves as a reference for industrial production.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera. MethodsCompounds were repeatedly purified by chromatography and structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Results Nine alkaloids were isolated and identified as 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-6-methyl-6a,7-dehydroaporphine (1),armepavine (2),dehydroroemerine (3),dehydronuciferine (4),2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine (5),liriodenine (6),pronuciferine (7),roemerine (8),and nuciferine (9). Conclusion compound 1 is a new aporphine alkaloid named nelumnucine.