Centenario de la radiodifusión en el Uruguay (1922 ­ 2022): médicos en su inicio / Centenary of radio broadcasting in Uruguay (1922 - 2022): doctors at the beginning / Centenário da radiodifusão no Uruguai (1922 - 2022): médicos em seu início

En 2022 se cumplen 100 años del comienzo formal de la radiodifusión en el Uruguay. Varios médicos estuvieron vinculados y desempeñaron un rol dominante en su inicio y en las actividades culturales desarrolladas a partir de la instalación de las radioemisoras.

The year 2022 marks the 100th anniversary of the formal beginning of radio broadcasting in Uruguay. Several physicians were linked to and played a dominant role in its beginning and in the cultural activities developed since the installation of radio stations.

2022 marca o 100º aniversário do início formal das transmissões de rádio no Uruguai. Vários médicos estiveram envolvidos e desempenharam um papel dominante em seu início e nas atividades culturais desenvolvidas desde a instalação das estações de rádio.

La formación del operario en vigilancia y lucha antivectorial. Matanzas, 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: para la formación de operarios integrales en vigilancia y lucha antivectorial, está diseñado un curso de habilitación. El claustro de profesores de la provincia de Matanzas ha encontrado algunas dificultades en la adquisición de conocimientos por parte de los estudiantes. Objetivo: caracterizar la fuerza laboral de vigilancia y lucha antivectorial de la provincia de Matanzas, para diseñar un conjunto de indicaciones que complementen los contenidos del curso de habilitación de operarios, de forma que los estudiantes se sientan motivados y entiendan mejor los contenidos ya incluidos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva y longitudinal, de enero a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: el grupo de trabajadores de los operarios es el más numeroso. El nivel educacional que predominó fue el de secundaria básica. En 2019 se realizaron 17 cursos de formación, en cuyas evaluaciones el claustro de profesores encontró dificultades en las respuestas a las preguntas de tres de los temas del curso, al igual que en el uso de la lengua materna. Conclusiones: se propuso introducir contenidos en cada tema del curso de formación, que se impartirán de acuerdo a las formas de enseñanza y aprendizaje ya definidas en el programa. El profesor responsable del tema lo dará en el momento en que la situación docente lo requiera, para que el futuro trabajador logre una mejor comprensión de los contenidos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: there is an enabling course designed for the training of comprehensive operators in surveillance and vector control. The teacher staff of Matanzas province has found some difficulties in the acquisition of knowledge by students. Objective: to characterize the surveillance and anti-vector labor force of the province of Matanzas, in order to design a set of indications that complement the contents of the course of enabling operators, so that students feel motivated and better understand the contents already included. Materials and methods: a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal investigation was carried out from January to December 2019. Results: the group of operators is the most numerous. The educational level that prevailed was that of secondary school. In 2019, 17 training courses were conducted, in whose evaluations the teacher staff found difficulties in answering the questions of three of the course subjects, as well as in the use of the mother tongue. Conclusions: it was proposed to introduce new contents in each topic of the training course, which will be taught according to the forms of teaching and learning already defined in the programme. The teacher responsible for the subject will teach it at the moment when the teaching situation requires it, in order for the future worker to achieve a better understanding of the contents.

Compartilhamento de risco na saúde suplementar brasileira / Risk sharing in Brazilian supplementary health

Objetivos: Este trabalho discute os recentes impactos do avanço tecnológico no mercado da saúde e a crescente importância do aumento de custos em toda a sua cadeia e investiga uma alternativa para aumentar o acesso a essas novas tecnologias por um maior número de pessoas na saúde suplementar. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral proposto para este trabalho foi evidenciar as visões de gestores de saúde com papel de destaque no Brasil a respeito do uso de modelos de compartilhamento de risco (risk sharing) em diferentes geografias e em diferentes financiadores no sistema. Pretendeu-se aprofundar o tema com o cumprimento dos seguintes objetivos específicos, também sob a perspectiva dos participantes da pesquisa: verificar a utilização desses modelos de pagamento e, consequentemente, determinar as características e adaptações necessárias a eles; identificar os desafios para a consolidação do risk sharing na saúde suplementar; verificar o impacto do risk sharing nos custos com saúde das operadoras a partir da percepção dos entrevistados. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, com entrevistas em profundidade com os principais gestores e formadores de opinião em saúde de diferentes instituições no Brasil, totalizando 25 entrevistas. A análise de conteúdo foi escolhida como método de interpretação e construção das categorias para a análise. Resultados: Os resultados foram agrupados nas seguintes categorias: as sugestões e adaptações sugeridas para o melhor funcionamento na realidade brasileira; as críticas e desafios aos modelos propostos. Os resultados sugerem que o compartilhamento de risco pode ser uma alternativa capaz de promover uma nova forma de relacionamento entre os pagadores e a indústria fabricante, substituindo o tradicional modelo de remuneração, que limita a relação linear com todos os setores, buscando sempre o objetivo de atender o paciente com novas alternativas de acesso. Conclusões: Em meio à complexidade do sistema de saúde brasileiro, é importante que os players avaliem novas alternativas de remuneração e incorporação tecnológica. Os desafios são inúmeros, desde a efetivação do perfil dos pacientes elegíveis até a aplicabilidade do risk sharing que ocorre a partir do interesse de ambas as partes em trazer novas tecnologias ao sistema, sem impactos orçamentários significativos, desde que seja viável clínica e economicamente, gerando valor em saúde, na efetividade e nos resultados de desfecho em taxa de sobrevida real

Objectives: This paper discusses the recent impacts of technological advancement on the health market, the growing importance of increasing costs throughout its chain, and investigates an alternative to increasing the access of these new technologies to a greater number of people within supplementary health. In this context, the general objective proposed for this work was to highlight the views of health managers with a prominent role in Brazil regarding the use of risk-sharing models in different regions and in different payers in the system. It was intended to deepen the theme with the fulfillment of the following specific objectives, also from the perspective of the research participants: verify the use of these payment models and consequently determine the characteristics and necessary adaptations for them; identify the challenges for the consolidation of risk-sharing in Supplementary Health; to verify the impact of risk-sharing on health costs of operators based on interviewees' perceptions. Methods: This is a qualitative study with in-depth interviews with main health managers and opinion makers from different institutions in Brazil, totaling 25 interviews. Content analysis was chosen as a method of interpretation and construction of categories for analysis. Results: The results were grouped into the following categories: the suggestions and adaptations suggested for the best operation in the Brazilian reality; criticisms and challenges to the proposed models. The results suggest that risk-sharing may be an alternative capable of promoting a new form of relationship between payers and the manufacturing industry, replacing the traditional remuneration model, which limits the linear relationship with all sectors, always seeking the objective of assisting the patient with new access alternatives. Conclusions: Amid the complexity of the Brazilian health system, it is important for players to evaluate new alternatives for remuneration and technological incorporation. The challenges are innumerable from the realization of the profile of eligible patients and the applicability of risk-sharing that occurs from the interest of both parties in bringing new technologies to the system, without significant budgetary impacts, as long as it is clinically and economically viable, generating health value, effectiveness, and outcomes in survival rates in real world evidences

Ergonomics Study In The Stress Level Among Electronics Assembly Line Workers

@#Human and cognitive ergonomics become one of essential elements in industrial field nowadays due to employer concern on physical, spiritual and emotional of their workers. The need of industrial today required operator’s cognitive functions with less manual human control but in reality human judgement cannot be eliminate as there are various task that only can be perform by human. The objective of this study is to investigate the level of stress among Muslim electronics assembly line workers in electronic factories in Malaysia. The method used in this study is a survey questionnaire. The study is to compare the stress level between male and female, different ages of worker, years of working experience and task deliver in the plant to perform their duty and contribute to company. The tool administered is DASS 42 questions which distributed to the 360 worker from different level which is staffs and operators. Based on it, emWavePro device are used to test workers biofeedback performance in order to determine target persons for stress management module implementation. Workers performances in terms of productivity are measure after complete module implementation. The result may shows that workers that undergo this programed as a subjects improve their work performance by increasing productivity. Workers may came to work with positive attitude that impact positive environment to the plant. Using DASS, 319 of electronics assembly line workers are evaluated and from that 18 workers are identified with extremely severe of depression, anxiety and stress. From 18 workers, 61.1% are come from age between 19 and 29 years old with working experience less than 5 years. These 18 workers had potential to influence others that can disturb positive environment on the plant and change it to negative environment. Cognitive ergonomics is one of important elements to be focus as it impact workers performance every day. Not only physical, spiritual and emotional of the workers also contribute to the plant achievement in general.

La importancia de escuchar a los jóvenes

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los modelos de Educación para la Salud en programas de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva (SSR) para jóvenes en Medellín 2004-2010. Se desarrolló a través de metodología cualitativa con teoría fundamentada, realizando entrevistas en profundidad a 8 jóvenes y 12 operadores técnicos (16 entrevistas en la primera fase y 4 en la segunda), las cuales fueron codificadas para extraer las categorías de las cuales emergen los resultados. Se estableció que en los modelos de educación presentes en los programas no se tuvieron en cuenta las necesidades de los jóvenes para su formación en SSR. Existe un amplio desarrollo en políticas públicas de juventud, pero los programas de SSR dirigidos a jóvenes siguen teniendo como único sustento las políticas públicas de salud, por esto se deben tener en cuenta las necesidades de los jóvenes para garantizar más éxito en la ejecución.

Abstract The objective of this study was to understand the health education models of some sexual and reproductive health programs geared towards young people in Medellín from 2004 to 2010. It was developed using a qualitative methodology with grounded theory, conducting in-depth interviews with 8 young people and 12 technical operators (16 interviews in the first phase and 4 in the second), which were then coded to extract the categories from which the results emerged. It was established based on the results, that in the education models presented in the programs, the needs of young people for their training in SRH were not considered. Althoug, there are a broad development in public youth policies, the SRH programs addressed to young people, continue to have public health policies as their sole and only support. Therefore, the needs of young people must be considered in order to guarantee more success in the execution of this kind of programs.

Prevalence of asthenopia among computer operators in Central India and effectiveness of educational intervention

Background: Objective was to study the prevalence of asthenopic symptoms among computer operators in central India and assess the change in their practices related to factors affecting asthenopia symptoms and relief measures.. Methods: Longitudinal Educational Interventional Study, done on 150 employees of computer based company offices of Bhopal city in duration of 3 months from August 2018 to October 2018 after obtaining Ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee and they were asked to fill a pre-tested questionnaire, after obtaining their verbal consent. Other relevant information was obtained by personal interview and inspection of their working area. The data was entered in MS excel and analysis was done using Epi-info 7 software. Results: Among the 150 participants studied, the overall prevalence of asthenopia (at least 1 symptom present) is 87.3%. The prevalence of various asthenopic symptoms varied from 85.3% (eye fatigue) to 18.7% (blurring of vision). With educational intervention, significant change was observed in symptoms and relief measures. Conclusions: Prevalence of asthenopia was found to be quite high in computer operators, especially in those who started its use at an early age. Individual as well as work-related factors were found to be associated with asthenopia.

Determinants of Compliance to Work Instructions among Forklift Operators in a Steel Industry

@#Safe behavior is a form of behavior to act safelyduring work, to reduce and prevent work accidents. This study aimed to look at correlation between age, job experience, motivation, knowledge, attitude, availability of work instruction and worker compliance to work instruction among forklift operator. Questionnaire was used to determine age, job experience, motivation, knowledge, attitude, and availability of work instruction. Observation method was used to measure worker compliance to work instructions. The collected data were analyzed using logistic regression and bootstrap to find which variable had strong relationship with worker compliance to work instructions. The results indicated that motivation had significant correlation with workers compliance to work instruction. It could be concluded that motivation was a significant determinant compared to work instruction among forklift operator. It is therefore recommended that company perform routine inspection and safety training of forklift operation.

Repeatedly Heating Cooking Oil among Food Premise Operators in Bukit Mertajam, Pulau Pinang and Determination of Peroxide in Cooking Oil

@#Introduction: The repeatedly heating cooking oil in preparation of fried food has become a main dietary habit among Malaysian which can cause health impacts on humans. The peroxide value (PV) can be applied to identify cooking oil’s quality through the oxidative change that takes place in fats or oils. High peroxide value indicates bad quality of cooking oil. This research was conducted to identify the awareness and practice of repeatedly heating cooking oil among food premise operators and to determine the peroxide value in repeatedly heating cooking oil samples. Methods: A total of 124 food premise operators in Bukit Mertajam, Penang, participated in this research. A face-toface interview was carried out by using the structured questionnaire for data collection to obtain socio-demographics information as well as awareness and practice of repeatedly heating cooking oil among respondents. The peroxide values analysis was performed on five samples of respondent’s most favourable brands of cooking oil by using iodometric titration method. Results: Majority of respondents had moderate awareness (53.2%) and practice (50.0%) level regarding repeatedly heating cooking oil. The PV analysis showed that the peroxide value begin to exceed the AOCS standard limit of 10 meqO2/kg following the 5th cycles of frying. Conclusion: Relevant actions need to be taken by the governmental food authorities to address this issue and ensure safe consumption of fried foods by consumers.

Uniqueness Properties of The Solution of The Inverse Problem for The Sturm-Liouville Equation With Discontinuous Leading Coefficient

Abstract The present paper studies uniqueness properties of the solution of the inverse problem for the Sturm-Liouville equation with discontinuous leading coefficient and the separated boundary conditions. It is proved that the considered boundary-value is uniquely reconstructed, i.e. the potential function of the equation and the constants in the boundary conditions are uniquely determined by given Weyl function or by the given spectral data.

Prevalencia de sintomatología osteomuscular y factores asociados en operarios de una empresa de papeles suaves / Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated factors in operators of a company of soft papers

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de sintomatología osteomuscular en operarios de la empresa Cartones y Papeles de Risaralda. Metodología: se desarrolló un estudio de corte transversal, para describir la prevalencia de síntomas osteomusculares y factores asociados en 103 operarios en el año 2016. Para la identificación de los síntomas se usó el cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado, al igual que información relacionada a factores como la edad, peso, estatura, tiempo en el puesto de trabajo e índice de masa corporal. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS para hallar asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre variables como IMC, tiempo en el trabajo, género y área de trabajo con síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Resultados: El 64% de los operarios encuestados reportaron molestias musculoesqueléticas. La mayor prevalencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos se reporta para las rodillas (25,2%), seguido de muñeca/mano derecha (22,3%) y espalda baja (19,4%); la zona de menor presencia de síntomas fue codo/antebrazo izquierdo (2,9%). Discusión:La presencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en operarios de fabricación de papeles suaves es relativamente más baja a la que se muestra en otro tipo de trabajadores, especialmente en relación a la presencia de dolor de espalda baja. El área de trabajo parece influir en la presencia de molestias en regiones como la muñeca/mano derecha, al encontrarse una asociación significativa según prueba Chi Cuadrado. No parece existir ninguna asociación entre el IMC y tiempo de antigüedad en la empresa con síntomas de dolor musculoesquelético.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in workers of the company Cartones y Papeles de Risaralda. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was developed to describe the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated factors in 103 workers in 2016. For the identification of symptoms was used the Nordic questionnaire, as well as information related to factors such as age, weight, height, time on the job and body mass index. SPSS statistical program was used to find statistically significant differences between variables such as BMI, time at work, gender, musculoskeletal symptoms and work area. Results: 64% of the surveyed operators reported musculoskeletal complaints. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms is reported for the knees (25.2%), followed by right wrist/hand (22.3%) and lower back (19.4%); the area with less presence of symptoms was left elbow/forearm (2.9%). Discussion: The presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in operators of manufacture of soft papers is relatively lower to that shown in other workers, especially in relation to the presence of low back pain. The work area appears to influence the presence of discomfort in regions such as the right wrist/hand, finding a significant association by Chi Square test. There seems to be no association between BMI and time on the job with symptoms of musculoskeletal pain.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in operators of a slaughter plant in Bío-Bío (Chile) / Seroprevalencia de Toxoplasma gondii y factores de riesgo asociados en operarios de una planta de beneficio animal del Bío-Bío, Chile / Soro prevalência de Toxoplasma gondii e fatores de associados em operários de uma planta de beneficiamento animal de Bío Bío, no Chile

Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan whose definitive hosts are cats, among them domestic cat, which can transmit the infection to humans. In Chile, there are no published studies on seroprevalence in people with occupational risk. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in operators of a slaughter plant in Bío Bío (Chile). Serum samples from 39 operators were collected and studied by chemiluminescence analysis in order to detect IgG and IgM antibodies, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93 and 96%, respectively. An epidemiological survey was conducted and odds ratio was calculated for the analysis of the variables of hygiene, food, and exposure. Evidence showed that 24 individuals had IgG antibodies for an apparent seroprevalence of 61.5%, while this was 0% for IgM. In addition, the highest seropositivity was observed in operators who did not use masks (64%) and did not disinfect the working material (100%), as well as in those who consumed undercooked meat (62.5%). Regarding exposure time, 72.7% was obtained for the group of more than 10 years, and 62.2% of seropositivity was found in those exposed between four and seven days a week. There were no significant differences for any of the analyzed variables (p > 0.05). The study concludes that there is a high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in workers with occupational risk at the Bío-Bío slaughter plant.

Resumen: La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis de distribución mundial causada por Toxoplasma gondii, protozoo que tiene como hospederos definitivos a los felinos, entre estos el gato doméstico, el cual puede transmitir la infección al ser humano. En Chile no existen estudios publicados de seroprevalencia en personas con riesgo ocupacional. Por eso el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia de Toxoplasma gondii y factores de riesgo asociados en operarios de una planta de beneficio animal del Bío-Bío, Chile. Se muestrearon 39 sueros de operarios y se estudiaron mediante análisis quimioluminiscente para la detección de anticuerpos inmunoglobulina G (IgG) e inmunoglobulina M (IgM), con una sensibilidad y especificidad del 93 y 96 %, respectivamente. Se aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica y se calculó el odds ratio para el análisis de las variables higiénicas, alimenticias y de exposición. Se evidenciaron 24 personas con anticuerpos IgG para una seroprevalencia aparente de 61,5 %, mientras que para IgM esta fue del 0 %. Se determinó además la seropositividad más alta en los operarios que no usaron mascarillas (64 %) y no desinfectaron el material de trabajo (100 %), así como en aquellos que consumieron carne poco cocida (62,5 %). Respecto al tiempo de exposición, se obtuvo un 72,7 % para el grupo mayor de 10 años y 62,2 % de seropositivos expuestos entre cuatro y siete días a la semana. No existieron diferencias significativas para ninguna de las variables analizadas (p > 0,05). Se concluye que existe una seroprevalencia elevada de Toxoplasma gondii en operarios con riesgo ocupacional en la planta de beneficio animal del Bío-Bío.

Resumo: A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial causada por Toxoplasma gondii, protozoário que tem como hospedeiros definitivos os felinos, entre estes o gato doméstico, que pode transmitir a infecção ao ser humano. No Chile não existem estudos publicados de soro prevalência em pessoas com risco ocupacional. Por isso o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a soro prevalência de Toxoplasma gondii e fatores de risco associados em operários de uma planta de beneficiamento animal de Bío Bío, Chile. Foram coletadas amostras de 39 soros de operários estudados por meio de análise quimioluminiscente para a detecção de anticorpos IgG e IgM, com uma sensibilidade e especificidade do 93 e 96 %, respectivamente. Se aplicou uma enquete epidemiológica e se calculou o odds ratio para a análise das variáveis higiênicas, alimentícias e de exposição. Se evidenciaram 24 pessoas com anticorpos IgG para uma soro prevalência aparente do 61,5 %, em quanto que para IgM esta foi do 0 %. Pôde-se determinar além do mais, a soro positividade mais alta nos operários que não usaram máscaras (64 %) e não desinfetaram o material de trabalho (100 %), assim como naqueles que consumiram carne pouco cozida (62,5 %). No que se refere ao tempo de exposição, se obteve um 72,7 % para o grupo maior de 10 anos e 62,2 % de soro positivos expostos entre quatro e sete dias por semana. Não existiram diferenças significativas para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas (p > 0,05). Conclui-se que existe uma soro prevalência elevada de Toxoplasma gondii em operários com risco ocupacional na planta de beneficiamento animal de Bío Bío.

Psychosocial practices: methodology, epistemology and ethics / Práticas psicossociais: metodologia, epistemologia e ética / Prácticas psicosociales: metodología, epistemología y ética

This work is aimed at discussing the psychosocial practices in which intervention and research are present and articulated. These practices are questioned as to their ability to generate/build psychological and social knowledge, to formulate theories, and to create methods and apparatus for action, research, self-assessment, and regulation, without losing sight of the ethical issues involved. The work asks whether practice creates psychosocial operators, that is, whether by means of its apparatus - attentive listening, free word, non-directivity, interview, among others, often in a real-life situation - it enables one to grasp the complexity of a phenomenon and to build a conceptual framework about it. It also inquires about the scientific criteria which ensure that production. As for ethics, the study evaluates the helping relationship implicated, warns against confusing practices with mission/ministry and suggests that, when it comes to intervention-research, ethics has the same importance as theory and method.

O objetivo deste trabalho é o de discutir práticas psicossociais em que intervenção e pesquisa estão presentes e articuladas. Essas práticas são questionadas quanto à sua capacidade de gerar/construir conhecimento psicológico e social, formular teorias e criar métodos e dispositivos de ação, pesquisa, autoavaliação e regulação, sem perder de vista as questões éticas envolvidas. O trabalho indaga se a prática cria operadores psicossociais, isto é, se por meio de seus dispositivos - escuta atenta, palavra livre, não-diretividade, entrevista, entre outros, frequentemente numa situação de vida concreta - ela permite apreender a complexidade de um fenômeno e construir um aparato conceitual a respeito dele. Indaga, ainda, a respeito dos critérios de cientificidade que garantem essa produção. Quanto à ética, o estudo avalia a relação de ajuda implicada, adverte contra confundir práticas com missão/sacerdócio e sugere que, na pesquisa-intervenção, ética tem a mesma importância que teoria e método.

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir las prácticas psicosociales en que la intervención y la investigación están presentes y articuladas. Estas prácticas son cuestionadas en cuanto a su capacidad para generar/construir conocimiento psicológico y social, para formular teorías y para crear métodos y dispositivos de acción, investigación, autoevaluación y regulación, sin perder de vista los aspectos éticos involucrados. El trabajo pregunta si la práctica crea operadores psicosociales, es decir, si mediante sus dispositivos - escucha atenta, palabra libre, no directividad, entrevista, entre otros, a menudo en una situación de la vida real - ella permite comprender la complejidad de un fenómeno y construir un marco conceptual al respecto. También se interesa por los criterios científicos que aseguran esa producción. En cuanto a la ética, el estudio evalúa la relación de ayuda implicada, advierte contra confundir prácticas con misión/ministerio y sugiere que, cuando se trata de investigación-intervención, la ética tiene la misma importancia que la teoría y el método.

La proximidad en las políticas públicas: tensiones entre el abordaje de la vulnerabilidad social y la evidencia científica / A proximidade nas políticas públicas: tensões entre endereçamento vulnerabilidade social e evidência científica / The proximity public policies: tensions between the boarding of social vulnerability and scientifice vidence

En Uruguay se están implementando políticas de proximidad dirigidas a los sectores vulnerables. En el artículo que sigue presentamos una investigación desarrollada durante 2014 en la política Uruguay Crece Contigo. Realizamos una aproximación etnográfica a través de observación participante, registro en diario de campo y entrevistas semiestructuradas en la ciudad de Montevideo. Describimos lo prescritpto por la polìtica, caracterizamos la emergencia de la figura del operador de cercanía y la ubicamos en la red sociotécnica en la que participa. Concluimos que los operadores de cercanías son actores fundamentales en el relacionamiento del estado y los sectores vulnerables. En los dos niveles que implica la cercanía se ciernen los datos que se extraen de la política: la evidencia. En la retroalimentación de la evidencia a la política pública se relega la posibilidad de construir políticas que aborden de manera certera las condiciones de existencia de la población.

No Uruguai, as políticas de proximidade destinadas a sectores vulneráveis estão sendo implementadas. No artigo a seguir, apresentamos a pesquisa realizada durante 2014, em "O Uruguai Crece Contigo" (Uruguai cresce com você). Realizamos uma abordagem etnográfica através da observação participante, diários de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, na cidade de Montevidéu. Nós descrevemos o que é prescrito pela política, caracterizando o surgimento da figura do operador de proximidade e localizamos este valor em uma rede sócio-técnica em que participa. Conclui-se que os operadores locais são actores fundamentais no relacionamento entre os setores estaduais e vulneráveis da população. Em ambos os níveis, envolvendo a proximidade, os dados são extraídos da política: as evidencias. No retorno das evidências para a ordem pública relega a possibilidade de construir políticas que tratem de forma precisa as condições de vida da população.

In Uruguay, policies aimed at proximity to vulnerable sectors are being implemented. In the following article we present research conducted during 2014 in "Uruguay Crece Contigo" (Uruguay grows with you). We conducted an ethnographic approach through participant observation, field journaling and semistructured interviews in the city of Montevideo. We describe what is prescribed by politics, characterizing the emergence of the figure of the proximity operator and we located this figure whitin a socio-technical network in which it participates. We conclude that local operators are key players in the relationship between the state and vulnerable sectors of the population. At both levels involving proximity, data is extracted from the policy: the evidence. In the feedback of evidence to public policy relegates the possibility of building policies that address in an accurate way the living conditions of the population.

Oral health quality of the workers of a telemarketing company and their satisfaction with the treatments provided by the corporative dental insurance plan

Aim: To evaluate the oral health quality of the workers of a telemarketing company and their satisfaction with the dental treatments provided by the corporative dental insurance plan. Methods:Data collection was by an online intranet questionnaire on dental service providers from Uberlândia/MG and Campinas/SP. It was addressed to 6000 associates, with objective and subjective questions, comprising the level of the telemarketing operators’ oral health, dental needs, satisfaction with dental care providers and the importance of having the laboral dental services provided by the company. Results: After analysis of the results, we observed that:57.52% of the workers required improvement in their oral health and 56.03% mentioned prevention as the largest need, 66.70% use the dental providers’ services, but only 31.34%were satisfied with them. Conclusions: The results underscore that the workers have anintermediate level of dental needs, with prevention as top importance. Additionally, establishment of a basic attention program inside the company would increase the satisfaction and adhesionindexes of providers and the workers’ oral health.

La pulsión de muerte: el trauma y lo invocante / He death drive: trauma and invoking

A partir de Más allá del principio de placer (1920) las teorizaciones freudianas indagan fundamentalmente una dimensión de lo psíquico que excede el retorno de lo reprimido. Estos desarrollos alcanzan su formalización con la formulación de la segunda tópica y el masoquismo erógeno primario. Enmarcado en este contexto epistemológico, Freud propone distintos operadores conceptuales: ligado-no ligado; sadismo primario (trasposición al exterior de la pulsión de muerte)-masoquismo primario (residuo interior de la pulsión de muerte); mezcla-desmezcla pulsional. Se trata de un conjunto de operadores que intentan abordar diversos problemas de la clínica que se desprenden de la formulación del segundo dualismo pulsional. La oposición ligado - no ligado permite recortar la irrupción traumática. Sin embargo, no alcanza para dar cuenta de la compulsión de repetición, la angustia como contrainvestidura y la neurosis traumática. El segundo operador permite ubicar dos dimensiones de lo que acontece con la pulsión de muerte. Una que se traspone al exterior como sadismo y otra que permanece como residuo interior de la pulsión de muerte. Finalmente, con el tercer operador Freud indaga la cara muda del superyó. De este modo, interroga las neurosis graves, las neurosis traumáticas, la reacción terapéutica negativa, y las neurosis narcisistas, entre otros.

From Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) Freudian theories mainly investigate the psychic dimension that exceeds the return of the repressed. These developments reach their formalization with the formulation of the second topography and the primary erogenous masochism. Framed in this epistemological context, Freud proposes different conceptual operators: bound-unbound; primary sadism (transposition out of the death drive) (residue inside the death drive) Primary masoquismo; mixing-demixing instinctual. This is a set of operators that seek to address various clinical problems arising from the formulation of the second instinctual dualism. The linked opposition - unbound traumatic lets you crop emergence. However, not enough to account for the repetition compulsion, anxiety as contrainvestidura and traumatic neurosis. The second operator can locate two dimensions of what happens with the death drive. One that is transposed abroad as sadism and other residue that remains inside the death instinct. Finally, the third operator Freud explores the silent face of the superego. Thus, questions severe neurosis, traumatic neurosis, the negative therapeutic reaction, and narcissistic neurosis, among others.

Sociabilidades en los márgenes: prácticas y representaciones sociales de personas en situación de calle en la ciudad de Buenos Aires / Sociability in the margins: practices and social representations about homeless people in Buenos Aires city of persons who are part of organizations that provide social assistance

Se presentan resultados de un relevamiento preliminar de un estudio mayor sobre personas en situación de calle, que tuvo como finalidad describir las representaciones sociales que construyen los referentes de organizaciones que son parte del circuito socio-asistencial para esta población en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires e identificar en qué discursos sociales se anclan esas representaciones y prácticas. Con un muestreo intencional, participaron 10 referentes de organizaciones de ese circuito. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y se construyeron categorías emergentes a partir de análisis de tipo axial y selectivo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten dar cuenta del anclaje de las representaciones sociales y las prácticas con personas en situación de calle en dos discursos o lógicas en tensión -lógica tutelar y lógica restitutiva. Se infiere que las mismas incluyen una dimensión ontológica, epistemológica y ética, que perfilan modos yuxtapuestos de concebir a las personas en situación de calle y las intervenciones con esta población.

Results of a preliminary compilation are presented in this paper, whose aim is to describe the social representations constructed by persons who are part of organizations that make social assistance and identify social discourses in which social representations are anchored. Through an intentional sample, 10 institutional operators, who work in the social attendance circuit, participated. Depth interviews were carried on and emergent categories were constructed, through an axial and selective analysis. The results obtained discover the social representations and practices anchorage of people living in the street through two discourses or logics in tension - the tutelary logic and the restorative logic. We infer that both of them include an ontological, epistemological and ethical dimension, which outline juxtaposed ways of conceiving people living in the streets and the interventions with this population.

Whole-body Vibration Exposure of Drill Operators in Iron Ore Mines and Role of Machine-Related, Individual, and Rock-Related Factors

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure among large blast hole drill machine operators with regard to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommended threshold values and its association with machine- and rock-related factors and workers' individual characteristics. METHODS: The study population included 28 drill machine operators who had worked in four opencast iron ore mines in eastern India. The study protocol comprised the following: measurements of WBV exposure [frequency weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration (m/s2)], machine-related data (manufacturer of machine, age of machine, seat height, thickness, and rest height) collected from mine management offices, measurements of rock hardness, uniaxial compressive strength and density, and workers' characteristics via face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: More than 90% of the operators were exposed to a higher level WBV than the ISO upper limit and only 3.6% between the lower and upper limits, mainly in the vertical axis. Bivariate correlations revealed that potential predictors of total WBV exposure were: machine manufacturer (r = 0.453, p = 0.015), age of drill (r = 0.533, p = 0.003), and hardness of rock (r = 0.561, p = 0.002). The stepwise multiple regression model revealed that the potential predictors are age of operator (regression coefficient beta = -0.052, standard error SE = 0.023), manufacturer (beta = 1.093, SE = 0.227), rock hardness (beta = 0.045, SE = 0.018), uniaxial compressive strength (beta = 0.027, SE = 0.009), and density (beta = e1.135, SE = 0.235). CONCLUSION: Prevention should include using appropriate machines to handle rock hardness, rock uniaxial compressive strength and density, and seat improvement using ergonomic approaches such as including a suspension system.

A organização do trabalho em call centers: implicações na saúde mental dos operadores / Work organization in call centers: implications for operators' mental health

O crescimento do setor de serviços é uma marca da economia atual, engendrando novas formas de organização do trabalho em função das características das organizações e das relações deste segmento. Dentre as atividades que se destacam está o telesserviço, que contabiliza contingente superior a 1,2 milhão de trabalhadores, representando perspectivas de empregabilidade e inserção profissional para uma parcela importante da população. Atentando para esta realidade, esta investigação tem por objetivo analisar os impactos do trabalho sobre os operadores de call centers, avaliando especialmente os aspectos que podem ser desencadeadores de sofrimento psíquico. A partir dos norteadores teóricos da psicopatologia e da psicodinâmica do trabalho, foi realizada pesquisa exploratória, de caráter descritivo, a partir de estudo de caso em uma empresa multinacional que presta serviços para empresas de comunicação e tecnologia. A unidade regional investigada possui 1.500 posições de atendimento que realizam atividades de contato ativo e receptivo em três turnos de trabalho. Os resultados indicam que os operadores estão expostos a diversos agentes causadores de sofrimento psíquico, como pressão por produtividade, controle exacerbado e falta de autonomia para executar suas atividades. A frequente ocorrência de doenças ocupacionais e emocionais nestes trabalhadores expressa o sofrimento psíquico existente nos modos de trabalhar nos call centers, o que enseja a análise e a intervenção na organização do trabalho para que se assegure a saúde mental nestas organizações...

The growth of the service sector has marked the present economy, engendering new forms of work organization due to the characteristics of organizations and the relationships in this segment. Teleservice is among the activities that can be highlighted, with more than 1.2 million workers, representing prospects of employability and entry into the workforce for a significant number of people. Considering this reality, the intent of this investigation is to analyze the impacts of work on call center operators, particularly assessing the aspects that may trigger psychic suffering. With the theoretical guidance of Work Psychology and Work Psychopathology, a qualitative, descriptive research project was conducted, addressing a case study in a multinational firm that provides services to communication and technology companies. The regional unit investigated has 1,500 service positions performing active and receptive contact activities in three work shifts. The results indicate that the operators are exposed to various sources that cause psychic suffering, such as pressure for productivity, excessive monitoring, and lack of autonomy in performing their activities. The frequent occurrence of occupational and emotional illnesses among these workers expresses the psychic suffering experienced in call center work, which raises the need for analysis and intervention in the work organization in order to ensure mental health in such organizations...

Regulacao dos servicos de radioterapia e quimioterapia pelas operadoras de planos de saude no Brasil / Regulation of radiotherapy and chemotherapy services by health plan organizations in Brazil

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Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Job Strain among Crane Operators in a Port Container Terminal in Malaysia

The information on job strain among crane operators in Malaysia is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and contributing factors of job strain among crane operators working in port container terminals. A cross sectional study was carried out at a port container terminal in Malaysia. Data was collected using validated self-administered questionnaires, which consisted of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). All crane operators in the selected terminal participated in the study. Data was analyzed using SSPS version 19. Two-hundredand-forty crane operators participated in the study.. The prevalence of job strain determined from the JCQ was 43.8%. Job strain was significantly associated with psychological job demand, decision latitude, anxiety, physical isometric loads and muscle ache. The prevalence of job strain in this study was high. There is an urgent need to recognize the existence of this problem among crane operators by their respective management. Implementation of comprehensive stress management programs are recommended to reduce job strain among these workers. Keywords:I