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ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Magnolia officinalis cortex for constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-C） rats before and after sweating. MethodIBS-C rat model was established by gavage of ice water， and rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， mosapride group（1 mg·kg-1）， M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg-1） and sweated M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg-1）. The changes of body weight， fecal number and fecal water content of rats were observed， 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the structural changes of fecal intestinal flora in rats， the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and substance P（SP） in colonic tissues of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultCompared with the model group， the fecal water content and fecal number of mosapride group， M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.05）. At the phylum level， the top four species of flora abundance were Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes， Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Firmicutes in the model group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Spirochaetes was significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the proportion of Firmicutes and Spirochaetes in M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to that in the blank group， and the proportion of Spirochaetes in sweated M. officinalis cortex group was lower than that of M. officinalis cortex group. At the family level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillaceae， S24_7， Ruminococcaceae， Bacteroidaceae， compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillaceae in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， and its proportion in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group increased significantly after administration（P<0.05）， and the flora structure of the two groups tended to be similar to that of the blank group. At the genus level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillus， Unspecified_S24_7， Bacteroides and Treponema. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillus in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Treponema increased significantly（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， ratio of bacterial structure of Lactobacillus and Treponema in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to those in the blank group， indicating that M. officinalis cortex could restore the intestinal microbial structure of IBS-C rats before and after sweating. Compared with the model group， the 5-HT content in mosapride group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， the contents of 5-HT and SP in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the sweated M. officinalis cortex group was higher than the M. officinalis cortex group. ConclusionM. officinalis cortex can play a therapeutic role on IBS-C rats by regulating 5-HT pathway and intestinal flora structure before and after sweating.
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Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) are the most harmful neurotoxins create a serious public health problem. It is important to assess PSP in Shellfish destined for human consumption. However, recommended methods have some limitations for example in the case of Mouse Bioassay (MBA) showed a low sensitivity and reproducibility, and undesirability for ethical reasons; while physico-chemical techniques rest expensive and time-consuming. The main objective of this study, after discovered that PSP inhibited the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri, was the quantification of PSP by using Bioluminescence Inhibition Assay (BIA), and comparing the results obtained with those determined by MBA and LC-MS. Bivalve used were collected from Corniche Martil, Kabila and Oued Laou, along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco in Mars-2015. Results showed a weak correlation between LC-MS and MBA with r = 0.11, while, the correlation between LC-MS and BIA was very strong with r = 0.97, which suggests that, BIA could offer an interesting additional assessment of PSP risk. In addition, after seen its rapidity, ease, reliability, sensitivity, reproducibility and cost effectiveness, it would be eligible to use for monitoring in surveillance programs.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of substance P(SP)and neurokinin receptor(NK1R)in eosinophil-enriched cells from patients with atopic dermatitis(AD)so as to elucidate their possible roles in AD. Methods Blood samples were collected from healthy controls(HCs)and AD patients,and incubated with the extracts of Artemisia pollen,dust mite,and Platanus pollen for 1 h.The expressions of SP and NK1R in eosinophil-enriched cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results Level of NK1R in eosinophil-enriched cells from AD patients increased by 41% compared with that of HCs when cultured with the medium only(P= 0.001).In addition,the expression of SP in AD patients decreased by 1.17 folds(P＜0.001),and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)of SP+eosinophils decreased by 55%(P＜0.001).However,allergens had little effect on the expressions of SP and NK1R in eosinophil-enriched cells from AD patients and HCs.Conclusion Upregulated expression of NK1R in AD indicates that eosinophil-derived NK1R may play an important role in AD.Antagonists or blockers of NK1R might be effective preparations for AD treatment.
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Objective: To screen the most efficient cell feeding way and provide guidance for functional verification of genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods: Firstly, the recombinant industrial S. cerevisiae strains containing PsCPR and PsP6H genes were constructed. Then four different cell feeding methods were used. At the end, the downstream product dihydrosanguinarine was detected via UPLC Q-TOF MS/MS. Results: The best method of cell feeding was that the recombinant industrial strain induced by galactose for 31 h and then incubated in the TE solution buffer (pH = 8.0) for 24 h. Conclusion: Different cell feeding ways have different effects on the downstream products of recombinant industrial S. cerevisiae. The optimized cell feeding method shows stability and good repeatability.
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Objective To investigate PSP on bone microstructures,Ca,P,OPG and RANKL of osteoporotic rat model.Methods Thirty female rats randomly divided into five groups:Sham,OVX,H-,M-,L-PSP.Sham and OVX were irrigated stomachsaline;PSP solution was gavaged to other groups.After 8-week,bone microstructures of tibial metaphyseal,Ca,P,OPG and RANKL were measured.Results Body weight,Ca,P,RANKL,Tb.Sp of OVX were significantly increased compared to Sham,OPG,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N decreased.Body weight of H-,M-PSP,Ca and Tb.Sp of PSP,P and RANKL in H-PSP were decreased compared to OVX,OPG in H-,M-PSP,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N of PSP group increased.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PSP prevents osteoporosis by improving the microstructure of trabecular bone,reducing bone turnover,increasing OPG and reducing RANKL expression.
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Background: Prostate Secretory Protein of 94 Amino Acids (PSP94) level is known to increase in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and decrease in prostate cancer (PCa). However, there has not been a consensus on the abundance and significance of the different isoforms of PSP94 during the development of BPH and PCa. Methods: Benign and malignant prostate tissue was ascertained histologically. Biplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR were employed to quantitate the two isoforms, PSP94 (MSMB1) and PSP57 (MSMB2). Results: Higher abundance of both MSMB1 and MSMB2 transcripts was observed in BPH as compared to PCa. Further, there was a strong positive correlation between the transcript levels of these isoforms, MSMB1 and MSMB2, in samples from both BPH and PCa patients. Conclusions: PSP57 (MSMB2) transcript may not be involved in the development of BPH or PCa and could have a physiological role in prostate cells.
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We present 2 cases of Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), both of the cases presented to us with typical signs of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but they also had history of falls and difficulty in looking downwards. PSP is one of the variants of Parkinson Plus Syndromes.
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Parkinson Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Parkinson Disease/epidemiology , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/complications , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/diagnosis , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Digital photo stimulable phosphor (PSP)-based radiography has many known theoretical advantages over conventional film radiography but its diagnostic efficacy has to be assessed clinically. This study compared the efficiency of conventional film-based panoramic radiographs with that of digital PSP-based panoramic radiographs in the assessment of position and morphology of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: We selected a total of 80 impacted mandibular third molars that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. Both conventional film-based panoramic radiographs and digital PSP-based panoramic radiographs were taken of all the study samples and the teeth were later surgically removed. Conventional film-based and digital PSP-based panoramic radiographs were compared for their relative efficiencies in the assessment of impaction status, position of tooth, number of roots, root morphology, and proximity to mandibular canal of impacted mandibular third molars. An oral surgeon graded these same factors during/after surgical exploration and this assessment was considered the gold standard. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and McNemar's test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between conventional film-based radiographic assessment and digital PSP-based panoramic radiographic assessment of impaction status, position of tooth, number of roots, and proximity to mandibular canal of impacted mandibular third molars (P>0.05). However, there was significant difference between the two methods with regard to assessment of root morphology of impacted mandibular third molars (P=0.00). Interpretation and Conclusion : Conventional film-based panoramic radiographs and digital PSP-based panoramic radiographs were comparable in their accuracy in the preoperative study of impacted mandibular third molar with regard to impaction status, tooth position, number of roots, and proximity to the mandibular canal. Digital PSP-based panoramic radiographs were more accurate than conventional film-based panoramic radiographs in the assessment of root morphology of impacted mandibular third molars. Hence, we conclude that digital PSP-based panoramic radiographs can be used as an effective alternative to conventional film-based panoramic radiographs for assessment of position and morphology of impacted mandibular third molars.
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Adult , Dental Arch/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Mandibular Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Molar, Third/diagnostic imaging , Molar, Third/surgery , Radiography, Dental, Digital/standards , Radiography, Panoramic/standards , Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging , Tooth, Impacted/diagnostic imaging , Tooth, Impacted/surgery , X-Ray Film/standards , X-Ray Intensifying Screens/standards , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) act a short latency to optimize vision during locomotion. The angular VOR (aVOR) has been widely studied in human subjects and preserves clear, stable vision during rotational head perturbations by generating eye movements that hold the line of sight on the target of interest. Less is known about the properties of the linear or translational VOR (tVOR), mainly due to technical difficulties posed by testing head or body translations. Geometric considerations indicate that different properties should be expected of tVOR, which can only provide stable vision of objects lying in one depth plane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the human tVOR using a moving platform to translate normal human subjects vertically at frequencies similar to those occurring during locomotion. We found that, whereas aVOR is concerned with holding retinal images fairly stable to optimize clear vision, tVOR seems best suited to minimize relative motion of retinal images belonging to objects lying in different depth planes-and thereby to optimize motion parallax information. We also investigated whether the tVOR functioned abnormally in patients with neurological disorders causing falls-progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cerebellar ataxia. RESULTS: Both groups of patients showed impaired ability to modulate their tVOR during viewing of near targets; in PSP this might be attributed to failure of convergence, but cerebellar patients failed to modulate tVOR at near despite intact convergence. CONCLUSION: In both disorders, an impaired ability to adjust tVOR for viewing distance points to central disturbance of otolithic vestibular reflexes, which may also contribute to postural instability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebellar Ataxia , Deception , Eye Movements , Head , Locomotion , Nervous System Diseases , Otolithic Membrane , Paralysis , Reflex , Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular , Retinaldehyde , Translations , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP-CHN) in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 165 out-patients and in-patients meeting the DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia were entered in the study.Ten of subjects was included the intra-rater reliability training.The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was regarded as the' gold standard' to investigate the validity of PSP-CHN,and the Positive and Negative Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of disease to explore the correlative validity,in the other 155 subjects.Five to seven days after the first PSP-CHN interview,the second PSP-CHN was evaluated by another investigator to assess the test-retest reliability among 66 subjects.Twenty-seven subjects with the score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) more than 60 were followed up for 8 weeks of standardized pharmacotherapy.By the end of 8 week of treatment,the PANSS and PSP-CHN were assessed again to explore the sensitivity of PSP-CHN.Results:The internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.84) and the inter-rater reliability (κ value=0.56,ICC=0.94 for PSP-CHN total score) were good.The test-retest reliability was high [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95].The scale showed good construct validity with statistically significant correlations with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) (ICC of 0.95).The PSP-CHN score had a good negative correlation with the PANSS total score(r=-0.79,-0.57,-0.63 and -0.71,respectively,P<0.01).After 8 week treatment,PSP-CHN total score was increased with the improvement of PANSS,and the responder showed higher increasing of PSP-CHN total score (21.2) than those partial responder(10.2),significantly.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the PSP-CHN is a convenient and valid instrument to assess the personal and social functions of stabilized and acute patients with schizophrenia.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of new Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide (PSP) in enhancing the action and reducing the toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice bearing S180 sarcoma, analyze the related immunological mechanisms, and compare the effect of PSP2 (new polysaccharide peptide) with that of PSP1 (old polysaccharide peptide). Methods: S180 sarcoma xenografted mice models were established. The model mice were divided randomly into 8 groups, including model control group, CTX group, CTX plus PSP2 (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) groups, CTX plus PSP1 400 mg/kg group, PSP2 400 mg/kg group, PSP1 400 mg/kg group. The normal blood cells and the nucleated marrow cells were counted. The survival time, the inhibitory rate of tumor growth, the index of thymus (thymus gland weight/body weight), spleen index (spleen weight/body weight) were measured. The subtypes of T lymphocytes in spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Results: PSP2 800 mg/kg combined with CTX prolonged the life span of the S180 sarcoma xenografted mice (P < 0.05). PSP2 and PSP1 alone obviously inhibited the growth of sarcoma, respectively (P < 0.05). PSP2 and PSP1 remarkably enhanced the ability of CTX to inhibit the growth of sarcoma as well (P < 0.05 or 0.01). PSP2 and PSP1 attenuated the immunological inhibition and marrow inhibition caused by CTX. PSP2 and PSP1 alone elevated the ratio of CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+ in mice bearing S180 sarcoma. The ratio tended to increase after combined treatment (PSP2 + CTX or PSP1 + CTX). Especially it increased remarkably after PSP2 400 mg/ kg combined with CTX (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PSP2 and PSP1 inhibited tumor growth, increased the action and reduced the toxicity of CTX. The mechanisms were related with enhancing the ratio of CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+ of spleen cells. PSP2 is effective than PSP1 in inhibiting tumor growth, enhancing the acion of CTX, and regulating the immunological function of nude mice.
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Introducción: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 73 años, con diagnóstico de parálisis supranuclear progresiva (PSP), quien ingresa a la unidad de salud mental por presencia de síntomas psicóticos con poca respuesta al uso de antipsicóticos y medicación antiparkinsoniana. Objetivo: Revisar las principales alteraciones clínicas de los pacientes con este diagnóstico, las teorías etiopatológicas y las conductas que se deben seguir frente a esta entidad. Método: Reporte de caso. Desarrollo y conclusión: La PSP, aunque poco común, es de interés psiquiátrico, ya que cursa a menudo con síntomas psicóticos y es frecuentemente diagnosticada como una enfermedad psiquiátrica.
Introduction: This is a case report of a 73 year old man, with a diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who is admitted to a mental health unit with psychotic symptoms with little response to antipsychotic and antiparkinsonian medication. Objective: This case report emphasizes the clinical symptoms of patients with this diagnosis, the etiopathological theories and the most accurate treatment for this disease. Design: Case report. Development and conclusion: PSP, though rare, is of interest to psychiatry because of the common occurrence of psychiatric symptoms and the frequent misdiagnosis with psychiatric illness.
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Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) is the new measurement scale of patient functioning. PSP is simple and useful questionnaire for psychiatrist and medical personnel, especially for rehabilitation center workers. Compared with GAF (Global Assessment of functioning Scale), PSP has relatively good covariance with social and occupational and psychological symptoms. In clinical practice, PSP can be adopted for treatment planning and the evaluation of treatment effect, especially for the patients with schizophrenia.
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Humans , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Psychiatry , Surveys and Questionnaires , Rehabilitation Centers , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Personal and social performance scale (PSP) has been reported as useful tool for the assessment of functioning in the psychiatric population. The authors wanted to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the PSP (K-PSP). METHODS: One hundred ten patients, including out-patients and in-patients, diagnosed as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria were participated in the study. Subjects were assessed with K-PSP, Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), Global assessment functioning scale (GAF),and Clinical global impression-severity (CGI-S) to evaluate cross-validation. Statistical analysis was done by the calculation of Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient. RESUTLS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of K-PSP was 0.79. The correlations of each domain of K-PSP with the total score of K-PSP were statistically significant (r= -0.46~-0.84, p<0.001). The inter-rater reliabilities of the total score of K-PSP was 0.79 (p<0.001) and individual score (r=0.775~0.783, p<0.001) relatively high. The total score of K-PSP showed a meaningful correlations with those of PANSS (r=-0.60, p<0.001), GAF (r=-0.71, p<0.001) and CGI-S (r=0.60, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The K-PSP is the useful tool for assessment of functioning in the psychiatric population. So K-PSP can be widely used in the clinical practice and psychiatric studies.
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Criticisms about amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD) are based on the findings, first, that the degree of dementia does not correlate with the number of plaques, and second, that the neurofibrillary tangle formation seems to predate plaque formation. In addition, neurofibrillary tangle counts correlate well with the degree of cognitive impairment. These findings suggest the independent importance of tau abnormality in AD research which is involved in the neurofibrillary tangle formation. Recently, tau pathology without amyloid deposits and mutations in tau protein gene were reported to be the major pathogenic mechanism in Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and FTDP-17(frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked with chromosome 17). These data suggest that understanding the causes and consequences of tau dysfunction might give new clinical and therapeutic solutions to many known tauopathies.
Subject(s)
Amyloid , Dementia , Frontotemporal Dementia , Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration , Molecular Biology , Neurofibrillary Tangles , Parkinsonian Disorders , Pathology , Pick Disease of the Brain , Plaque, Amyloid , Prednisolone , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive , tau Proteins , TauopathiesABSTRACT
3200 mg?L~(-1)),and could suppress HBeAg and HBsAg secretion and lower the HBV-DNA level cultured in HepG2 2.2.15 cell line in a dose and time-dependent manner.Conclusion Some of the mechanisms of PSP against HSV-1 and HSV-2 may be explained by the considerable inhibition of virus absorption and virus replication in cells.Some of the mechanisms of PSP against HBV may be explained by inhibition of the secretion of HBV-antigen and the replication of HBV-DNA.
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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and to characterize the visceral hypersensitivity in non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)through the detection of esophageal distension-cerebral evoked potentials(ED-CEP)and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)and substance P(SP)levels in esophageal mucosa.Methods NERD patients(N 26)and 12 controls were enrolled in this study from Oct.2004 to Mar.2005.Mechanical distention stimulation was performed using the balloon-affixed and polyvinyl multilumen catheter.The ED- CEP was recorded with a muti-channel international 10~20 system of electroencephalograph.The esophageal specimens were immune-histologically evaluated for CGRP/SP-stain positive contents.Results Esophageal distention may evoke recognizable and reproducible muti-peak CEP.CEP morphology of NERD patients was characterized by randomly distributed patterns,and the peak latencies for N1,P1,and N2 were significantly shorter compared with control group(P
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In summary, we are presented with a patient who ingested mussel that are suspected to contain toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning or PSP. Upon reaching the stomach, the digestive process accelerates the release of PSP toxins. The toxins are rapidly absorbed in the stomachs acidic medium and starts to work on the cellular Na channels, blocking the movement of Naions thus preventing the progression of the action potential with the absence of the action potential, there is a continued state of depolarization. This explains the feeling of numbness of the lips and fingertips, as seen in our patient, since these are the areas where nerve endings abound, and thus, are the areas most sensitive to these chemical changes. Our patient experienced this whole gamut of neurologic manifestations. He also started experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain and vomiting which are initially erroneously diagnosed as a separate problem Hearing hearsay reports on coconut milk being used as antidote for cases like these, the patient tried it too. The coconut milk, being an alkaline substance, must have stabilized some of the toxins, thus explaining the mild relief experienced by the patient prior to hospitalization. Upon reaching the hospitals, NGT was inserted and NaHCO3 lavage was done which further stabilized the toxins that were not yet absorbed, while those that were absorbed were excreted through the kidneys with the help of mannitol. After all these measures, the patient experienced considerable relief of the neurologic symptoms, though still with the intermitent epigastric pain erroneously diagnosed as Acid Peptic Disease and treated with antacids. Improvement of the neurologic complaints eventually lead to the discharge of the patient Our patient is just one of the lucky ones who benefited from immediate medical intervention to save his life. Many others arent so lucky - - - most of them never even know what hit them and thus could only look heavenwards hoping for divine intervention. Others are left to languish in understaffed overcrowded hospitals in far-flung places. Worse, a lot of those who have died of PSP never even get to a hospital Grim scenarios such as these are bound to occur yearly as long as pollution, deforestation, ignorance, and poverty prevail. We physician may not be able to curb these ills of society but we can certainly help, first and foremost by initiating the more crucial preventive measures, then by administering immediate and knowledgeable modes of treatment, and finally, by never losing the family physicians most important therapeutic tool: genuine concern for the patient. Hopefully, in doing so, we family physicians can join the family of man down to the sunset of our lives, enjoying Manila Bay for its red beautiful scape, and not for its red deadly tide.
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Shellfish , Harmful Algal BloomABSTRACT
@#In order to observe the changes of myotension in the paralyzed limbs after subcutaneous injection(S.C)of capsaicin,we observed the changes of the spontaneous Electromyography(EMG)recorded in the quadriceps femoris before and after T-5 level spinal transection and found that the amplitude of EMG kept a low level in normal rats but increased progressively after operation.After treating the animals with capsaicin 200mg/kg(S.C)in three consecutive days,we found a much lower spontaneous EMG and a much higher pain threshold than that of the controls.Radioimmunnoassay detected that the content of SP in spinal dorsal horn was reduced by 38.4%,the general condition did not severely changed during the experiment.The results indicate that SP in the spinal dorsal horn participates in the regulation of myotension,and it is suggested that subcutancous injection of capsaicin may be one effective treatment to reduce the hypermyotension in the paralyzed limbs.
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With the dose of D-galactose 80mg/kg by sc administration to the female NIH mice for 6 weeks,the sub-acute aging model was established. In order to observe the effect of the polysaccharide (PSP) on anti-aging, the mice were received PSP 200mg/kg